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Abraham Lincoln II
BornAugust 14, 1873
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedMarch 5, 1890(1890-03-05) (aged 16)
London, United Kingdom
Cause of deathBlood poisoning
Resting placeKensal Green Cemetery (March–November 1890),
Lincoln Tomb (1890–1930),
Arlington National Cemetery section 31 (May 27, 1930 – present)
Other namesJack Lincoln
Known forBeing a namesake and grandson of President Lincoln
Parent(s)Robert Todd Lincoln
Mary Eunice Harlan
RelativesSee Lincoln family tree, Mamie Lincoln (sister), Jessie Harlan Lincoln (sister)

Abraham "Jack" Lincoln II (August 14, 1873 – March 5, 1890), was the middle of three children of Robert Todd Lincoln and Mary Eunice Harlan, and the only grandson of Abraham Lincoln. He died in Europe at the age of 16, after an infection from a wound.

Life, illness, and death

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Abraham Lincoln II (top), with his sisters Mary "Mamie" Lincoln (left) and Jessie Harlan Lincoln (right) in 1889

After President Lincoln's assassination, the former first family relocated to Chicago, Illinois, where Robert Todd Lincoln settled and married a U.S. senator's daughter, Mary Eunice Harlan. Abraham II was born in 1873, the second of three children, and was nicknamed "Jack". Jack and his sisters were described as "bright, natural, unpretentious children, well liked by the people of the town".[1] It was claimed that Jack was much like President Lincoln.[2] His appearance and temperament were much like those of the president's fourth son, Tad.[3]

When 8 years old, his family moved to Washington, D.C., while his father was Secretary of War for four years. In 1881, Jack befriended President Garfield's son Abram, who was a year older, and they often played at the White House.[4] At age 14 in October 1887, Lincoln unveiled Lincoln Standing, an original well-received 12-foot bronze statue of his grandfather by Augustus Saint-Gaudens, at a dedication ceremony in Chicago's Lincoln Park.[5][6]

At age 16, Jack was in Versailles to study French in preparation for an entrance examination for Harvard University.[2] His family was in England while his father served as the last U.S. Minister to Great Britain, before the position was retitled "Ambassador".[7] Jack fell ill with blood poisoning after infection set in following surgery in Paris to lance a carbuncle that had formed under his arm.[2] He was moved from France to England on January 16, 1890, where his father wrote that he might be seen by the noted physician Thomas John MacLagan.[2] A second surgery was performed on February 27, 1890, though it gave no relief and Jack died six days later at the family residence in London.[2]

A 20th-century biographer wrote that while Jack was weak, he had been recovering. Jack's father, Robert, was said to be in their sitting room with Henry White when daughter Mary rushed in with the words, "Go upstairs quickly." Robert returned ten minutes later with the news of Jack's death.[8] He later wrote, "We had a long & most anxious struggle and at times had hopes of saving our boy. It would have been done if it had depended only on his own marvelous pluck & patience now that the end has come, there is a great blank in our future lives & an affliction not to be measured."[2]

Burial

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Sarcophagus at Arlington National Cemetery in which Lincoln's and his parents' remains are interred

On May 8, 1890, The Pall Mall Gazette reported that a funeral service was held "in the drawing-room of the United States Minister at Cornwall House", attended by the entire Legation and marked by "an immense number of floral tributes from friends and American citizens in London". The service was conducted by the Rev. J. Munro Gibson, the Presbyterian minister who had baptized Jack, and married his parents.[9] The registers of the General Cemetery Company record that the remains of "Abraham Lincoln" were deposited in Catacomb Z, beneath the Dissenters' Chapel of Kensal Green Cemetery on March 7, 1890.[10][11] His father accompanied the coffin back to Illinois, where Jack was buried in the Lincoln Tomb in Springfield, Illinois on November 8, 1890. His mother later decided on burial at Arlington National Cemetery and Jack's remains were re-interred there in May 1930 near those of his father, who had died four years earlier.[12][13] Jack's name was not added to his father's memorial until 1976,[2] or 1984 according to The Washington Post.[14]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Randall, Ruth Painter (1955). Lincoln's Sons. Little, Brown & Company. p. 305. ASIN B00005W9AY.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Schwartz, Thomas F. (Autumn 2007). "A Death in the Family : Abraham Lincoln II "Jack" (1873–1890)" (PDF). For the People. Vol. 9, no. 3. Abraham Lincoln Association. pp. 1, 4. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
  3. ^ Lachman, Charles (2008). The Last Lincolns. Union Square Press. ISBN 978-1402758904.
  4. ^ "The Short Life of Abraham Lincoln II". The Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection. July 28, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  5. ^ "Metropolitan Museum of Art Acquires Saint-Gaudens 'Standing Lincoln'". Metropolitan Museum of Art. February 12, 2012. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  6. ^ Volkmann, Carl. "The Standing Lincoln". Northern Illinois University. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  7. ^ "Robert Lincoln". part of an Abraham Lincoln Research Site. Retrieved April 5, 2007.
  8. ^ Goff, John S. (1969). Robert Todd Lincoln: A Man in His Own Right. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma. ISBN 978-0-8061-0816-2.
  9. ^ The Pall Mall Gazette, March 8, 1890.
  10. ^ Register entry 24891, General Cemetery Company.
  11. ^ Temple, Wayne C. (September 1, 1995). Abraham Lincoln: From Skeptic to Prophet. Mayhaven. p. 414. ISBN 978-1878044365.
  12. ^ Abraham Lincoln's Tomb. Abraham Lincoln Online. Retrieved April 5, 2007.
  13. ^ Hill, Nancy (Winter 2006). "The Lincoln Landscape: The Transformation of the Lincoln Tomb". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. 27 (1): 39. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
  14. ^ Ruane, Michael E. (June 13, 2014). "Arlington Cemetery commemorates 150 years as the nation's military burial ground". The Washington Post. Jack's name wasn't added to Arlington's massive pink granite Lincoln sarcophagus until 1984

References

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Category:1873 births Category:1890 deaths Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery Category:Deaths from sepsis Category:Infectious disease deaths in England Category:Lincoln family

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