Lakshmi Narayana: Difference between revisions

Lakshmi Narayana
Lakshmi Narayana
God of Preservation; Goddess of Prosperity; Supreme Deities of Vaishnavism; Para Brahman, the Ultimate Reality
	Painting of Lakshmi-Narayana upon Garuda
Devanagari	लक्ष्मी-नारायण
Sanskrit transliteration	Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa
Affiliation	Vaishnavism
Abode	Vaikuntha
Weapon	Panchajanya, Kaumodaki, Sudarshana Chakra, Sharanga, Nandaka
Symbol	Padma
Mount	Garuda

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Lakshmi Narayana or Lakshmi-Narayana (Sanskrit: लक्ष्मी-नारायण, IAST: Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa) refers to the dual representation of the Hindu deities Vishnu, also known as Narayana, and his consort, Lakshmi, traditionally featured in their abode, Vaikuntha. The goddess of prosperity and beauty, Lakshmi, is depicted as standing next to Vishnu, who holds the Panchajanya, Kaumodaki, Padma, and the Sudarshana Chakra. Another depiction of Lakshmi-Narayana portrays Lakshmi in the service of Narayana, who reclines on the cosmic serpent Shesha, floating in the Kshira Sagara, the Ocean of Milk.^[2]

Legends

The most significant Lakshmi-Narayana myth that appears in various Puranas is the Samudra Manthana, where Vishnu assumes his Kurma avatar to assist the devas and the asuras in the ordeal of churning the ocean of milk. Lakshmi emerges as one of the many treasures that are the product of the churning. The devas request Vishnu to marry her, and hence her auspiciousness is wed to his divinity, restoring the cosmic order.^[3]

In the legend of Tirumala, the sage Bhrigu is selected to choose the deity to whom a yajna shall be dedicated towards. After rejecting Brahma, Indra, and Shiva, he arrives at Vaikuntha, where he observes Lakshmi massaging the feet of a resting Vishnu, reclining on Shesha. Angered by the perceived slight, Bhrigu kicks the chest of Vishnu with his foot. A calm Vishnu is concerned for the sage, and receives him with honour. Pleased, Bhrigu decides that the yajna should be offered to Vishnu. But Lakshmi is greatly enraged, the chest being the region of Vishnu most associated with her, and because her consort had not risen to the insult. She descends upon the earth as Padmavati, the daughter of a Chola king, and her consort assumes the form of Srinivasa, locating her and marrying her once more, hailed as the primary deity of Tirumala.^[4]

In literature, Lakshmi and Narayana are often offered epithets stemming from their relationship - Vishnu is hailed as Lakshmipati^[5], the husband of Lakshmi, while Lakshmi is called Vishnupriya^[6], the favourite of Vishnu, as well as Vaishnavi and Narayani, the greatest female devotee of Vishnu.^[7]

In the Prapanna Parijata, Lakshmi declares that the duality of her consort and herself represents Brahman^[8]:

God, Narayana, is the essence of existence; and I, the Supreme Lakshmi, am the attribute (be-ness) of it. Hence what is known as Lakshmìnârâyana is the Brahman which is the eternal One.
— Prapanna Parijata

Interpretations

The dual representation of the deities Lakshmi-Narayana has many historic roots, and is sometimes interpreted differently by different traditions. The goddess Lakshmi incarnates on earth with her beloved consort, following Narayana's wishes, and mode of incarnation. When Vishnu descended upon the world as Parashurama, the goddess incarnated herself as Dharani; when he was born as Prince Rama, Lakshmi appeared as Princess Sita; and when he was Krishna, she appeared as Princess Rukmini.^[9] In Vishnu's next incarnation as Kalki that will spell the end of the present Kali Yuga, he will wed Padmavati, who will also be an incarnation of Lakshmi.^[10] This dual manifestation of the supreme deities of Vaishnavism is explored in the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Vishnu Purana, Bhagavata Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Skanda Purana, and in other scriptures. The Purushottama Mahatmya of Skanda Purana (13th century CE) and of Vishnurahasya (16th century CE) referred to the female wooden image between Jagannath and Balabhadra, Subhadra, as Lakshmi.^[11]

Swaminarayan Sampradaya

In the Vaishnava tradition of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya, a flute-bearing Krishna is worshipped with his childhood consort Radha, and together the deity is referred as Radha Krishna, while Krishna in his four-hands form is identified with Narayana in the text Shikshapatri, and is worshipped with his consort, Lakshmi. The deity is referred as Lakshmi Narayana.^[12] The founder of the sect, Swaminarayan installed the murtis of Radha Krishna and Lakshmi Narayana at the Swaminarayan Mandir, Vadtal.

Worship

Lakshmi Narayana worship is popular among Vaishnavas, who pray to the divine couple at their homes and in temples. There are many sampradayas (sects), that regard Lakshmi Narayana as the ultimate divinity, and grand and exquisite temples have been erected for their veneration. It is believed that worshipping Lakshmi Narayana can get for the devotees the complete blessings of the divine couple and shall bestow welfare, success, prosperity and a fulfilled life for the devotees and their families.^[13]

Temples

^{[citation needed]}

In India

Laxminarayan Temple (New Delhi)
Lakshmi narayani Golden Temple, Sripuram
Lakshminarayana Temple, Hosaholalu
Shri Damodar Temple Zambaulim (Zambaulim)
Lakshmi Narasimha Temple (Nuggehalli)
Lakshmi Narayana Temple, Agartala
Lakshminarayana Temple, Adagur
Lakshmi-Narayana Temple, Naduvakkarai,Kumbakonam
Laxminarayan Temple
108 Divya Desam
Swaminarayan temples
Kallamparabathu Lekshmi narayana Temple,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Sree Lakshmi Narayana Temple , Vilappilsala, Kerala
5000 years old Sreevaraham Lakshmi Narayana Temple, Thiruvananthapuram
Laxmi Narayana Temple (Bhubaneswar)

Outside India

Bharatiya Temple (Chalfont)
Hindu Temple Society (Albany)
Isso Shree Swaminarayan Temple Itasca
Shri Mangal Mandir (Silver Spring)
Isso Shree Swaminarayan Temple Boston (Lowell)
Bradford Lakshmi Narayana Hindu Temple (West Yorkshire)
Siddh Peeth Shree Lakshminarayan Temple (Singapore)
LakshmiNarayana Temple (near New York)

References

^ https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Religion_and_the_Global_Money_Markets/5yKDEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=vishnu+lakshmi+supreme+vaishnavism&pg=PA378&printsec=frontcover
^ Ellwood, Robert (2007). Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York: Infobase Publishing. pp. 468. ISBN 978-0-8160-6141-9.
^ Pintchman, Tracy (2005-08-18). Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares. State University of New York Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-7914-8256-8.
^ Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (2009). Mythology of Vishnu and His Incarnations. Gyan Publishing House. p. 187. ISBN 978-81-212-1016-4.
^ www.wisdomlib.org (2017-12-02). "Lakshmipati, Lakṣmīpati, Lakshmi-pati: 10 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
^ www.wisdomlib.org (2019-01-06). "Vishnupriya, Viṣṇupriyā, Vishnu-priya: 4 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
^ www.wisdomlib.org (2015-08-28). "Vaishnavi, Vaiṣṇāvī, Vaiṣṇavī: 21 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
^ The Brahmavâdin. M.C. Alasingaperumal. 1900. p. 162.
^ Watkins, James Simon (2022-08-18). Religion and the Global Money Markets: Exploring the Influence of Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Hinduism. Springer Nature. p. 378. ISBN 978-3-031-04416-8.
^ LAWRENCE, MICHAEL A. (2018-05-31). Mystic Tales. Notion Press.
^ Dr. A.C. Pradhan (June 2004). "Evolution of Jagannath Cult" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2008-05-11. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Shikshapatri, verse 109 by Swaminarayan".
^ "Benefits of praying to Lord Lakshmi Narayana, About Lord Lakshmi Narayana - Astropedia". www.astroved.com. Retrieved 2020-01-06.

External links

[1] ttps://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Religion_and_the_Global_Money_Markets/5yKDEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=vishnu+lakshmi+supreme+vaishnavism&pg=PA378&printsec=frontcover

[2] Ellwood, Robert (2007). Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York: Infobase Publishing. pp. 468. ISBN 978-0-8160-6141-9.

[3] Pintchman, Tracy (2005-08-18). Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares. State University of New York Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-7914-8256-8.

[4] Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (2009). Mythology of Vishnu and His Incarnations. Gyan Publishing House. p. 187. ISBN 978-81-212-1016-4.

[5] www.wisdomlib.org (2017-12-02). "Lakshmipati, Lakṣmīpati, Lakshmi-pati: 10 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-09-13.

[6] www.wisdomlib.org (2019-01-06). "Vishnupriya, Viṣṇupriyā, Vishnu-priya: 4 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-09-13.

[7] www.wisdomlib.org (2015-08-28). "Vaishnavi, Vaiṣṇāvī, Vaiṣṇavī: 21 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-09-13.

[8] The Brahmavâdin. M.C. Alasingaperumal. 1900. p. 162.

[9] Watkins, James Simon (2022-08-18). Religion and the Global Money Markets: Exploring the Influence of Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Hinduism. Springer Nature. p. 378. ISBN 978-3-031-04416-8.

[10] LAWRENCE, MICHAEL A. (2018-05-31). Mystic Tales. Notion Press.

[j-11] Dr. A.C. Pradhan (June 2004). "Evolution of Jagannath Cult" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2008-05-11. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[12] "Shikshapatri, verse 109 by Swaminarayan".

[13] "Benefits of praying to Lord Lakshmi Narayana, About Lord Lakshmi Narayana - Astropedia". www.astroved.com. Retrieved 2020-01-06.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Redirect|Laxminarayan}}
 {{for|the composite figure of Vishnu and Lakshmi|Vaikuntha Kamalaja}}
-{{short description|Form of Vishnu and Lakshmi}}
+{{short description|Divine couple in Hinduism}}
 {{Infobox deity<!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology-->
 | type = Hindu
 | image = Lakshmi Vishnu.jpg
-| caption = Lakshmi-Narayana
+| caption = Painting of Lakshmi-Narayana upon Garuda
 | name = Lakshmi Narayana
 | Devanagari = लक्ष्मी-नारायण
 | Sanskrit_transliteration = Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa
-| affiliation = [[Vishnu]], [[Lakshmi]], [[Radha]], [[Krishna]], [[Sita]], [[Rama]]
+| affiliation = [[Vaishnavism]]
-| god_of = God of Existence
+| god_of = God of Preservation<br>Goddess of Prosperity<br>
+Supreme Deities of Vaishnavism<ref>https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Religion_and_the_Global_Money_Markets/5yKDEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=vishnu+lakshmi+supreme+vaishnavism&pg=PA378&printsec=frontcover</ref><br>
+[[Para Brahman]], the Ultimate Reality
 | abode = [[Vaikuntha]]
-| weapon = [[Panchajanya]], [[Kaumodaki]], [[Sudarshana Chakra]] , Shanka , Gada
+| weapon = [[Panchajanya]], [[Kaumodaki]], [[Sudarshana Chakra]], [[Sharanga]], [[Nandaka]]
 | mount = [[Garuda]]
+| symbol = [[Padma (Vishnu)|Padma]]
 }}
 {{Vaishnavism}}
-'''Lakshmi Narayana''' or '''Lakshmi-Narayana''' ({{lang-sa|लक्ष्मी-नारायण}}, [[IAST]]: {{IAST|Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa}}), also sometimes spelled ''Lakshminarayan'', ''Lakshminarayana'', ''Laxminarayana'', is a manifestation of [[Vishnu]] in the [[Hindu]] religion. It is usually referring to Vishnu, also known as [[Narayana|Narayan]], when he is with his consort, [[Lakshmi]], in his abode, [[Vaikuntha]]. The goddess of beauty Lakshmi is depicted as standing next to a dark-skinned Vishnu, who is holding a [[Shankha|conch]], [[Kaumodaki|mace]], lotus and the [[Sudarshana Chakra]]. Another depiction of Lakshminarayan portrays Lakshmi in the service of Narayan, who is reclining on the cosmic serpent [[Sesha]], floating in Kshīrsagār, the [[Ocean of Milk]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ellwood|first=Robert|title=Encyclopedia of World Religions|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8160-6141-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo00robe/page/468 468]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo00robe/page/468}}</ref>
+'''Lakshmi Narayana''' or '''Lakshmi-Narayana''' ({{lang-sa|लक्ष्मी-नारायण}}, [[IAST]]: {{IAST|Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa}}) refers to the dual representation of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] deities [[Vishnu]], also known as [[Narayana]], and his consort, [[Lakshmi]], traditionally featured in their abode, [[Vaikuntha]]. The goddess of prosperity and beauty, Lakshmi, is depicted as standing next to Vishnu, who holds the [[Panchajanya]], [[Kaumodaki]], [[Padma (Vishnu)|Padma]], and the [[Sudarshana Chakra]]. Another depiction of Lakshmi-Narayana portrays Lakshmi in the service of Narayana, who reclines on the cosmic serpent [[Sesha|Shesha]], floating in the [[Kshira Sagara]], the Ocean of Milk.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ellwood|first=Robert|title=Encyclopedia of World Religions|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8160-6141-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo00robe/page/468 468]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo00robe/page/468}}</ref>
+== Legends ==
+The most significant Lakshmi-Narayana myth that appears in various [[Puranas]] is the [[Samudra Manthana]], where Vishnu assumes his [[Kurma]] avatar to assist the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] and the [[Asura|asuras]] in the ordeal of churning the ocean of milk. Lakshmi emerges as one of the many treasures that are the product of the churning. The devas request Vishnu to marry her, and hence her auspiciousness is wed to his divinity, restoring the cosmic order.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pintchman |first=Tracy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W-9Hq-DOXnEC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA49&dq=lakshmi+marries+vishnu&hl=en |title=Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares |date=2005-08-18 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-8256-8 |pages=49 |language=en}}</ref>
+In the [[legend of Tirumala]], the sage [[Bhrigu]] is selected to choose the deity to whom a [[yajna]] shall be dedicated towards. After rejecting [[Brahma]], [[Indra]], and [[Shiva]], he arrives at Vaikuntha, where he observes Lakshmi massaging the feet of a resting Vishnu, reclining on Shesha. Angered by the perceived slight, Bhrigu kicks the chest of Vishnu with his foot. A calm Vishnu is concerned for the sage, and receives him with honour. Pleased, Bhrigu decides that the yajna should be offered to Vishnu. But Lakshmi is greatly enraged, the chest being the region of Vishnu most associated with her, and because her consort had not risen to the insult. She descends upon the earth as [[Padmavathi|Padmavati]], the daughter of a [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] king, and her consort assumes the form of [[Venkateswara|Srinivasa]], locating her and marrying her once more, hailed as the primary deity of [[Tirumala]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Varadpande |first=Manohar Laxman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XrFh2S8nlEC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA187&dq=lakshmi+massages+feet&hl=en |title=Mythology of Vishnu and His Incarnations |date=2009 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-212-1016-4 |pages=187 |language=en}}</ref>
+In literature, Lakshmi and Narayana are often offered epithets stemming from their relationship - Vishnu is hailed as ''Lakshmipati''<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2017-12-02 |title=Lakshmipati, Lakṣmīpati, Lakshmi-pati: 10 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/lakshmipati |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>, the husband of Lakshmi, while Lakshmi is called ''Vishnupriya''<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-06 |title=Vishnupriya, Viṣṇupriyā, Vishnu-priya: 4 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishnupriya |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>, the favourite of Vishnu, as well as ''Vaishnavi'' and ''Narayani'', the greatest female devotee of Vishnu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2015-08-28 |title=Vaishnavi, Vaiṣṇāvī, Vaiṣṇavī: 21 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vaishnavi |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>
+In the ''Prapanna Parijata'', Lakshmi declares that the duality of her consort and herself represents [[Brahman]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VMgaAAAAYAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA162&dq=god+narayana+essence+of+existence&hl=en |title=The Brahmavâdin |date=1900 |publisher=M.C. Alasingaperumal |pages=162 |language=en}}</ref>:
+{{Blockquote|text=God, Narayana, is the essence of existence; and I, the Supreme Lakshmi, am the attribute (be-ness) of it. Hence what is known as Lakshmìnârâyana is the Brahman which is the eternal One.|title=Prapanna Parijata}}
 ==Interpretations==
-[[File:Lakshmi Narayan statue at Naksaal, kathmandu.jpg|thumb|Lakshmi Narayan statue at Naksaal, [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]]]
+[[File:Lakshmi Narayan statue at Naksaal, kathmandu.jpg|thumb|Lakshmi Narayana statue at Naksaal, [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]]]
-[[File:Relief sculpture of the Hindu god Narayana with his consort Lakshmi (Lakshminarayana) in the Hoysaleshwara temple at Halebidu.jpg|thumb|Lakshmi-Narayan at [[Halebidu]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]]]
+[[File:Relief sculpture of the Hindu god Narayana with his consort Lakshmi (Lakshminarayana) in the Hoysaleshwara temple at Halebidu.jpg|thumb|Lakshmi-Narayana at [[Halebidu]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]]]
-The deity Lakshmi Narayan has many historic roots and is sometimes interpreted differently by different traditions. Goddess [[Lakshmi]] incarnated again and again with Her beloved consort following [[Vishnu|Narayana]]'s wish and mode of incarnation. When Lord Vishnu descended as [[Rama]], Goddess Lakshmi appeared as [[Sita]] and when he was [[Krishna]], she appeared as [[Radha]]. Other [[gopi]]s and queens of Dwarka are believed to be Radha's expansion. This fact is explored in [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]], [[Vishnu Purana|Vishnu purana]], [[Bhagavata Purana|Bhagavat purana]], [[Brahma Vaivarta Purana]], [[Skanda Purana]] and in other authentic scriptures. Goddess [[Subhadra]] was treated as Lakshmi during the Ganga period, and afterwards. The ''Purushottama Mahatmya'' of [[Skanda Purana]] (13th century A.D.) and of ''Vishnurahasya'' (16th century A.D.) referred to the female wooden image between [[Jagannath]] and [[Balabhadra]], [[Subhadra|Subhadrā]] as [[Lakshmi]].<ref name=j>{{cite journal
+The dual representation of the deities Lakshmi-Narayana has many historic roots, and is sometimes interpreted differently by different traditions. The goddess [[Lakshmi]] incarnates on earth with her beloved consort, following [[Vishnu|Narayana]]'s wishes, and mode of incarnation. When Vishnu descended upon the world as [[Parashurama]], the goddess incarnated herself as Dharani; when he was born as Prince [[Rama]], Lakshmi appeared as Princess [[Sita]]; and when he was [[Krishna]], she appeared as Princess [[Rukmini]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Watkins |first=James Simon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5yKDEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA378&dq=vishnu+lakshmi+supreme+vaishnavism&hl=en |title=Religion and the Global Money Markets: Exploring the Influence of Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Hinduism |date=2022-08-18 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-031-04416-8 |pages=378 |language=en}}</ref> In Vishnu's next incarnation as [[Kalki]] that will spell the end of the present [[Kali Yuga]], he will wed Padmavati, who will also be an incarnation of Lakshmi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=LAWRENCE |first=MICHAEL A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JypjEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT133&dq=kalki+padmavati+lakshmi&hl=en |title=Mystic Tales |date=2018-05-31 |publisher=Notion Press |language=en}}</ref> This dual manifestation of the supreme deities of Vaishnavism is explored in the [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]], [[Vishnu Purana]], [[Bhagavata Purana]], [[Brahma Vaivarta Purana]], [[Skanda Purana]], and in other scriptures. The ''Purushottama Mahatmya'' of [[Skanda Purana]] (13th century CE) and of ''Vishnurahasya'' (16th century CE) referred to the female wooden image between [[Jagannath]] and [[Balabhadra]], [[Subhadra]], as [[Lakshmi]].<ref name=j>{{cite journal
  |author      = Dr. A.C. Pradhan
  |date        = June 2004
@@ Line 35: / Line 50: @@
 [[File:Brooklyn Museum - Lakshmi Naryana Frontispiece from the "Tula Ram" Bhagavata Purana.jpg|none|thumb|Lakshmi Naryana Frontispiece from the "Tula Ram" Bhagavata Purana - [[Brooklyn Museum]]]]
-==In Swaminarayan Sampraday==
+==Swaminarayan Sampradaya==
-In sect [[Swaminarayan Sampraday]], [[Krishna]] in his two hands form holding flute is worshipped with his consort [[Radha]] and together the deity is referred as ''[[Radha Krishna|RadhaKrishna Dev]]'' while Krishna in his four hands form is identified with [[Narayana]] in the text [[Shikshapatri]] and is worshipped with his consort [[Lakshmi]]. The deity is referred as ''LaxmiNarayan Dev''.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.swaminarayan.nu/sampraday/shiksha.shtml | title= Shikshapatri, verse 109 by Swaminarayan}}</ref> The founder of the sect, [[Swaminarayan]] installed the ''[[murti]]s'' of RadhaKrishna Dev and Laxminarayan Dev at the [[Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Vadtal|Swaminarayan Mandir, Vadtal]].<br />
+In the Vaishnava tradition of the [[Swaminarayan Sampraday|Swaminarayan Sampradaya]], a flute-bearing [[Krishna]] is worshipped with his childhood consort [[Radha]], and together the deity is referred as [[Radha Krishna]]'','' while Krishna in his four-hands form is identified with [[Narayana]] in the text [[Shikshapatri]], and is worshipped with his consort, [[Lakshmi]]. The deity is referred as Lakshmi Narayana.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.swaminarayan.nu/sampraday/shiksha.shtml | title= Shikshapatri, verse 109 by Swaminarayan}}</ref> The founder of the sect, [[Swaminarayan]] installed the ''[[murti]]s'' of Radha Krishna and Lakshmi Narayana at the [[Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Vadtal|Swaminarayan Mandir, Vadtal]].<br />
 == Worship ==
-Lakshmi Narayana worship is very popular with the people, who pray to the Lord at their homes and in temples. There are many Sampradhays or sects, which regard Lakshmi Narayana as the ultimate divinity, and grand and exquisite temples have been erected for the Lord accordingly, at many places. [[Laxminarayan Temple|Lakshmi Narayan temple]], popularly known as [[Birla Mandir]], in [[New Delhi]] is one such well-known temple. It is believed that worshiping Lord Lakshmi Narayana can get for the devotees the complete blessings of the divine couple and shall bestow welfare, success, prosperity and a fulfilled life for the devotees and their families.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.astroved.com/astropedia/en/gods/lakshmi-narayana|title=Benefits of praying to Lord Lakshmi Narayana, About Lord Lakshmi Narayana - Astropedia|website=www.astroved.com|access-date=2020-01-06}}</ref>
+Lakshmi Narayana worship is popular among [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavas]], who pray to the divine couple at their homes and in temples. There are many sampradayas (sects), that regard Lakshmi Narayana as the ultimate divinity, and grand and exquisite temples have been erected for their veneration. It is believed that worshipping Lakshmi Narayana can get for the devotees the complete blessings of the divine couple and shall bestow welfare, success, prosperity and a fulfilled life for the devotees and their families.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.astroved.com/astropedia/en/gods/lakshmi-narayana|title=Benefits of praying to Lord Lakshmi Narayana, About Lord Lakshmi Narayana - Astropedia|website=www.astroved.com|access-date=2020-01-06}}</ref>
 == Temples ==
@@ Line 51: / Line 66: @@
 * Shri Damodar Temple Zambaulim (Zambaulim)
 * Lakshmi Narasimha Temple (Nuggehalli)
-* [[Lakshmi Narayan Temple, Agartala]]
+* [[Lakshmi Narayan Temple, Agartala|Lakshmi Narayana Temple, Agartala]]
 * Lakshminarayana Temple, Adagur
 * [[Lakshmi]]-[[Narayana]] Temple, Naduvakkarai,[[Kumbakonam]]
@@ Line 59: / Line 74: @@
 * Kallamparabathu Lekshmi narayana Temple,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
 * Sree Lakshmi Narayana Temple , Vilappilsala, Kerala
-* 5000 years old [[Sreevaraham Lakshmi Varaha Temple, Thiruvananthapuram|Sreevaraham Lakshmi narayan Temple, Thiruvananthapuram]]
+* 5000 years old [[Sreevaraham Lakshmi Varaha Temple, Thiruvananthapuram|Sreevaraham Lakshmi Narayana Temple, Thiruvananthapuram]]
 * Laxmi Narayana Temple (Bhubaneswar)
@@ Line 69: / Line 84: @@
 * Shri Mangal Mandir (Silver Spring)
 * Isso Shree Swaminarayan Temple Boston (Lowell)
-* Bradford Lakshmi Narayan Hindu Temple (West Yorkshire)
+* Bradford Lakshmi Narayana Hindu Temple (West Yorkshire)
 * Siddh Peeth Shree Lakshminarayan Temple (Singapore)
 * LakshmiNarayana Temple (near New York)
@@ Line 75: / Line 90: @@
 ==See also==
 {{commons category}}
-*[[Swaminarayan]]
+*[[Ardhanarishvara]]
 *[[Swaminarayan Sampradaya]]
 *[[Sri Sampradaya]]
@@ Line 86: / Line 101: @@
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.vadtal.com Official Website of the LaxmiNarayan Dev Gadi of the Swaminarayan Sampraday]
+* [http://www.vadtal.com Official Website of the LaxmiNarayan Dev Gadi of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya]
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150101124131/http://www.lakshminarayan.in/ Lakshmi Narayan]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150101124131/http://www.lakshminarayan.in/ Lakshmi Narayana]
-* [http://www.shaligram.com/Exotic_Laxmi_Narayan-128.htm Laxmi Narayan Shaligram]
+* [http://www.shaligram.com/Exotic_Laxmi_Narayan-128.htm Laxmi Narayana Shaligram]
 {{VishnuAvatars}}
 {{Hindu deities and texts}}

v t e Avatars of Vishnu
Dashavatara (for example)¹	Matsya Kurma Varaha Narasimha Vamana Parashurama Rama Balarama Krishna Buddha Kalki
Other avatars	Four Kumaras Narada Nara-Narayana Kapila Dattatreya Yajna Rishabha Prithu Dhanvantari Mohini Vyasa Prsnigarbha Hayagriva Hamsa
¹ The list of the "ten avatars" varies regionally. Two substitutions^{[clarification needed]} involve Balarama, Krishna, and Buddha. Krishna is almost always included; in exceptions, he is considered the source of all avatars.

v t e Hindu deities and texts
Gods	Trimurti Brahma Vishnu Shiva Agni Ashvins Chandra Dattatreya Ganesha Hanuman Indra Kama Kartikeya Krishna Kubera Rama Shasta Surya Varuna Vayu Vishvakarma Yama more
Goddesses	Tridevi Saraswati Lakshmi Parvati Aditi Bhumi Chhaya Durga Ganga Shachi Kali Mahadevi Mahavidya Matangi Matrikas Radha Rati Rohini Rukmini Sanjna Sati Shakti Shashthi Sita more
Other deities	Apsaras Asuras Daitya Danava Devata Dikpāla Gandharvas Gana Kuladevatas Gramadevatas Rakshasas Vahanas Yakshas / Yakshini
Texts (list)	Vedas Rig Sama Yajur Atharva Upanishads Puranas Ramayana Mahabharata Bhagavad Gita Yoga Sutras of Patanjali more
Hinduism Hindu mythology