List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works: Difference between revisions

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|[[Dung beetle]]
|[[Dung beetle]]
|[[Sauron]]
|[[Sauron]]
|"This species is named sauroni for the distinctive pygidial depression with elongate turbercle that resembles the Eye of Sauron from [[Peter Jackson]]’s film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings."
|"This species is named sauroni for the distinctive pygidial depression with elongate turbercle that resembles the Eye of Sauron from Peter Jackson’s film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings."
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gunter |first=Nicole L. |last2=Weir |first2=Thomas A. |date=2019-03-04 |title=Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4564.1.2 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4564 |issue=1 |pages=41 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.2 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gunter |first=Nicole L. |last2=Weir |first2=Thomas A. |date=2019-03-04 |title=Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4564.1.2 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4564 |issue=1 |pages=41 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.2 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref>
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|The name has the intended meaning of "Eye of Sauron".
|The name has the intended meaning of "Eye of Sauron".
|<ref name="Sauroniops">{{cite journal |last1=Cau |first1=Andrea |last2=Dalla Vecchia |first2=Fabio M. |last3=Fabbri |first3=Matteo |year=2013 |title=A thick-skulled theropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco with implications for carcharodontosaurid cranial evolution |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=40 |pages=251–260 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2012.09.002}}</ref>
|<ref name="Sauroniops">{{cite journal |last1=Cau |first1=Andrea |last2=Dalla Vecchia |first2=Fabio M. |last3=Fabbri |first3=Matteo |year=2013 |title=A thick-skulled theropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco with implications for carcharodontosaurid cranial evolution |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=40 |pages=251–260 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2012.09.002}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Semicytherura balrogi]]'' <small>Brouwers, 1994</small>
|[[Ostracod]]
|[[Balrog]]<nowiki/>s
|"After the Balrog, an evil character in J.R.R. Tolkien's adventures of Middle Earth"
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brouwers |first=E.M. |date=1994 |title=Systematic paleontology of Quaternary ostracode assemblages from the Gulf of Alaska; Part 3, Family Cytheruridae |url=https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1544 |journal=U.S.Geological Survey Professional Paper |language=en |volume=1544 |pages=11 |doi=10.3133/pp1544}}</ref>
|-
|-
|''[[Yavanna chimaerica|Yavanna]]'' {{small|Vera, 2013}}
|''[[Yavanna chimaerica|Yavanna]]'' {{small|Vera, 2013}}
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{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! style="width:25%;" | Taxon !! style="width:10%;" | Type !! style="width:15%;" | Named for !! style="width:50%;" | Notes !!class="unsortable" | Ref
! style="width:25%;" | Taxon !! style="width:10%;" | Type !! style="width:15%;" | Named for !! style="width:50%;" | Notes !!class="unsortable" | Ref
|-
|''[[Aspidoras|Aspidoras azaghal]]'' <small>Tencatt et al, 2020</small>
|[[Catfish]]
|Azaghâl
|"Azaghâl was the king of the Broadbeam Dwarves, one of the seven dwarf clans, and Lord of the dwarven realm of Belegost in the Blue Mountains during Middle Earth's First Age. The name comes from a double allusion, first about the region where the species was found, Terra do Meio, freely translated as 'Middle Earth' in English, [the] name of the fictional world of Tolkien's legendarium, and second by the fact that the new species occurs in a mountainous region and presents a relatively small size, which are both typical features of the fictional dwarves."
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tencatt |first=Luiz F. C. |last2=Muriel‐Cunha |first2=Janice |last3=Zuanon |first3=Jansen |last4=Ferreira |first4=Marlon F. C. |last5=Britto |first5=Marcelo R. |date=2020 |title=A journey through the Amazon Middle Earth reveals Aspidoras azaghal (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae), a new species of armoured catfish from the rio Xingu basin, Brazil |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.14467 |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |language=en |volume=97 |issue=4 |pages=1072–1086 |doi=10.1111/jfb.14467 |issn=0022-1112}}</ref>
|- style="background:#FFE6EA;"
|- style="background:#FFE6EA;"
|''[[Acrias|Balinia]]'' {{small|Hedqvist, 1978}}
|''[[Acrias|Balinia]]'' {{small|Hedqvist, 1978}}
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|
|
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Piazza |first1=Veronica |last2=Hammer |first2=Øyvind |last3=Jattiot |first3=Romain |date=2017 |title=New late Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoids from the Lusitandiadalan Member, Vikinghøgda Formation, Svalbard |url=http://njg.geologi.no/images/NJG_articles/NJG_Vol97_Nr2_Art3_Piazza.pdf |journal=Norwegian Journal of Geology |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=105–117 |doi=10.17850/njg97-2-03 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Piazza |first1=Veronica |last2=Hammer |first2=Øyvind |last3=Jattiot |first3=Romain |date=2017 |title=New late Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoids from the Lusitandiadalan Member, Vikinghøgda Formation, Svalbard |url=http://njg.geologi.no/images/NJG_articles/NJG_Vol97_Nr2_Art3_Piazza.pdf |journal=Norwegian Journal of Geology |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=105–117 |doi=10.17850/njg97-2-03 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Asthenodipsas|Asthenodipsas lasgalenensis]]'' <small>Loredo ''et al'', 2013</small>
|[[Snake]]
|Eryn Lasgalen, [[Mirkwood]]
|"The specific epithet lasgalenensis is derived from the name Eryn Lasgalen which means in the “Wood of Greenleaves” in the fictional Sindarian language from J.R.R Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings (1955). It was the name used by the Wood Elves for the Mirkwood Forest after its cleansing following the War of the Ring. This name was chosen because Tolkien’s (1955) description of this forest showed great similarity to the cloudy, upland forests within which this species is found."
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Loredo |first=Ariel I. |last2=Wood |first2=Perry Jr. L. |last3=Quah |first3=Evan S. H. |last4=Anuar |first4=Shahrul |last5=Greer |first5=Lee F. |last6=Ahmad |first6=Norhayati |last7=Grismer |first7=Lee |date=2013-05-28 |title=Cryptic speciation within Asthenodipsas vertebralis (Boulenger, 1900) (Squamata: Pareatidae), the description of a new species from Peninsular Malaysia, and the resurrection of A. tropidonotus (Lidth de Jude, 1923) from Sumatra: an integrative taxonomic analysis |url=http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3664.4.5 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3664 |issue=4 |pages=505 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3664.4.5 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref>
|-
|-
|''[[Astyanax (fish)|Astyanax lorien]]'' {{small|Zanata, Burger & Camelier, 2018}}
|''[[Astyanax (fish)|Astyanax lorien]]'' {{small|Zanata, Burger & Camelier, 2018}}

Revision as of 21:15, 24 September 2022

The British author J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973) and the names of fictional characters and places he invented for his legendarium have become the namesake of various things around and outside the world, including street names, mountains, companies, species of animals and plants, asteroids, and other notable objects.

Astronomy

"Eye of Sauron": dust ring around HR 4796A

Geography of Titan

Further information: List of geological features on Titan

By convention, certain classes of features on Saturn's moon Titan are named after elements from Middle-earth.[20] Colles (small hills or knobs) are named for characters,[21] while montes (mountains) are named for mountains of Middle-earth.[22]

Colles

Collis[21] Coordinates Diameter (km) Named after
Arwen Colles 7°30′S 250°00′W / 7.5°S 250.0°W / -7.5; -250.0 (Arwen) 64 Arwen, character from The Lord of the Rings
Bilbo Colles 4°12′S 38°36′W / 4.2°S 38.6°W / -4.2; -38.6 (Bilbo) 164 Bilbo Baggins, titular character of The Hobbit
Faramir Colles 4°00′N 153°48′W / 4.0°N 153.8°W / 4.0; -153.8 (Faramir) 82 Faramir, character from The Lord of the Rings
Gandalf Colles 14°36′N 209°30′W / 14.6°N 209.5°W / 14.6; -209.5 (Gandalf) 102 Gandalf, character from The Lord of the Rings
Handir Colles 10°00′N 356°42′W / 10.0°N 356.7°W / 10.0; -356.7 (Handir) 100 Handir, character from The Silmarillion
Nimloth Colles 11°54′N 151°18′W / 11.9°N 151.3°W / 11.9; -151.3 (Nimloth) 90 Nimloth, name of a character and a tree from Middle-earth

Montes

Mons Coordinates Named after
Angmar Montes 10°00′S 221°00′W / 10.0°S 221.0°W / -10.0; -221.0 (Angmar Montes) Mountains of Angmar
Dolmed Montes 11°36′S 216°48′W / 11.6°S 216.8°W / -11.6; -216.8 (Dolmed Montes) Mount Dolmed
Doom Mons 14°39′S 40°25′W / 14.65°S 40.42°W / -14.65; -40.42 (Doom Mons) Mount Doom
Echoriat Montes 7°24′S 213°48′W / 7.4°S 213.8°W / -7.4; -213.8 (Echoriat Montes) Echoriath
Erebor Mons 4°58′S 36°14′W / 4.97°S 36.23°W / -4.97; -36.23 (Erebor Mons) Erebor, the Lonely Mountain
Gram Montes 9°54′S 207°54′W / 9.9°S 207.9°W / -9.9; -207.9 (Gram Montes) Mount Gram
Irensaga Montes 5°41′S 212°43′W / 5.68°S 212.71°W / -5.68; -212.71 (Irensaga Montes) Irensaga
Merlock Montes 8°54′S 211°48′W / 8.9°S 211.8°W / -8.9; -211.8 (Merlock Montes) Merlock Mountains
Mindolluin Montes 3°18′S 208°58′W / 3.3°S 208.96°W / -3.3; -208.96 (Mindolluin Montes) Mindolluin
Misty Montes 56°48′N 62°26′W / 56.8°N 62.44°W / 56.8; -62.44 (Misty Montes) Misty Mountains
Mithrim Montes 2°10′S 127°25′W / 2.16°S 127.42°W / -2.16; -127.42 (Mithrim Montes) Mountains of Mithrim
Moria Montes 15°06′N 190°30′W / 15.1°N 190.5°W / 15.1; -190.5 (Moria Montes) Mountains of Moria
Rerir Montes 4°48′S 212°06′W / 4.8°S 212.1°W / -4.8; -212.1 (Rerir Montes) Mount Rerir
Taniquetil Montes 3°40′S 213°16′W / 3.67°S 213.26°W / -3.67; -213.26 (Taniquetil Montes) Taniquetil

Companies and other entities

Mountains

Marine features

Several undersea features in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Ireland and south of Iceland,[35] including:

At least three seamounts in the Indian Ocean, including:[42]

Music

Ships

  • J.R. Tolkien, a gaff-topsail schooner of Netherlands registry used for passenger cruises on the Baltic Sea and elsewhere in European waters, was built in 1964, and renamed in honour of Tolkien in 1998.[51][52][53]

Street names and places

The "Tolkien Road" in Eastbourne, East Sussex, was named after Tolkien whereas the "Tolkien Way" in Stoke-on-Trent is named after Tolkien's eldest son, Fr. John Francis Tolkien, who was the priest in charge at the nearby Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Angels and St. Peter in Chains.[54] In the Hall Green and Moseley areas of Birmingham there are a number of parks and walkways dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien—most notably, the Millstream Way and Moseley Bog.[55] Collectively the parks are known as the Shire Country Parks.[55] In the Dutch town of Geldrop, near Eindhoven, the streets of an entire new neighbourhood are named after Tolkien himself ("Laan van Tolkien") and some of the best-known characters from his books. Also in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, England there are a collection of roads in the 'Weston Village' named after locales of Middle Earth, namely Hobbiton Road, Bree Close, Arnor Close, Rivendell, Westmarch Way and Buckland Green.

In the Silicon Valley towns of Saratoga and San Jose in California, there are two housing developments with street names drawn from Tolkien's works. About a dozen Tolkien-derived street names also appear scattered throughout the town of Lake Forest, California. The Columbia, Maryland, neighbourhood of Hobbit's Glen and its street names (including Rivendell Lane, Tooks Way, and Oakenshield Circle) come from Tolkien's works.[56] The Bend, Oregon housing development Forest Creek (formerly "The Shire") features the Tolkien-inspired names Ring Bearer Court, Shire Lane, and Wizard Lane.[57] One of the student housing complexes at the University of California, Irvine is named Middle Earth; its halls and other facilities were selected from Tolkien's legendarium.[58]

Iluvatar is a redwood tree in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park in Northern California that has been confirmed to be at least 20.5 feet (6.2 m) in diameter at breast height, and 320 feet (98 m) in height. Measured by botanist Stephen C. Sillett, it is the world's third-largest coast redwood, the largest being Lost Monarch.[59]

Taxonomy

It has been noted that "Tolkien has been accorded formal taxonomic commemoration like no other author."[60] In the field of taxonomy, over 150 taxa (genera and species) have been given scientific names honouring, or deriving from, characters or other fictional elements from The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, and other works set in Middle-earth.[25]

Several taxa have been named after the character Gollum (also known as Sméagol), as well as for various hobbits, the small humanlike creatures such as Bilbo and Frodo Baggins. Various elves, dwarves, and other creatures that appear in his writings as well as Tolkien himself have been honoured in the names of several species, including the amphipod Leucothoe tolkieni, and the wasp Shireplitis tolkieni. In 2004, the extinct hominid Homo floresiensis was described, and quickly earned the nickname "hobbit" due to its small size.[61] In 1978, paleontologist Leigh Van Valen named over 20 taxa of extinct mammals after Tolkien lore in a single paper.[62][63] In 1999, entomologist Lauri Kaila described 48 new species of Elachista moths and named 37 of them after Tolkien mythology.[25][64][a] The entomologist Karl-Johan Hedqvist, also a fan of Tolkien, named several wasp genera after Tolkien's characters.[65]

  Pink background shading indicates that this species name has been synonymised and is no longer in use
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Named after J. R. R. Tolkein

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Drassodella tolkieni Mbo et al, 2019 Spider J. R. R. Tolkien "Named after John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, who was born in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa on 3rd January 1892 and died on 2nd September 1973. He is internationally recognised for his authorship of The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, amongst other works. His fictional 'Middle Earth' is believed to have been inspired in part by the exceptional natural scenery of Hogsback, the type locality of this species." [66]
Gabrius tolkieni Schillhammer 1997 Beetle J. R. R. Tolkien [67]
Khamul tolkeini Gates, 2008 Wasp J. R. R. Tolkien [68]
Leucothoe tolkieni Vinogradov, 1990 Amphipod J. R. R. Tolkien [69][70]
Martesia tolkieni Kennedy, 1974 Clam J. R. R. Tolkien "The name tolkieni honors the late J.R.R. Tolkien, creator of The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and many delightful creatures of long ago in the time of Middle-earth." [71]
Shireplitis tolkieni Fernández-Triana & Ward, 2013 Wasp J. R. R. Tolkien [72]
Tolkienia † Lieberman & Kloc, 1997 Trilobite J. R. R. Tolkien A genus of Devonian trilobites that has been found in Spain, France and the United States. [73]

Named after the Ainur

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Anthracosuchus balrogus † Hastings et al, 2014 Crocodyliform Balrogs [74]
Balrogia Hedqvist, 1977 Wasp Balrogs [75]
Chespiritos balrogiformis Kuwahara & Marshall, 2020 Fly Balrogs "This name refers to the fifth sternite, which resembles the head of the Balrog from J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of The Rings series, specifically the one represented in Peter Jackson's movie Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring." [76]
Elachista olorinella Kaila, 1999 Moth Gandalf (Olórin) From Gandalf's alternate name Olórin [64]
Gandalfia Willems et al, 2005 Flatworm Gandalf [77]
Gandalfus McLay, 2007 Crab Gandalf A crab from the waters of New Zealand, where the Peter Jackson trilogy was filmed [78]
Khamul gothmogi Gates, 2008 Wasp Gothmog, Lord of the Balrogs [68]
Lepanus sauroni Gunter & Weir, 2019 Dung beetle Sauron "This species is named sauroni for the distinctive pygidial depression with elongate turbercle that resembles the Eye of Sauron from Peter Jackson’s film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings." [79]
Litoria sauroni Richards & Oliver, 2006 Frog Sauron [80]
Macrostyphlus gandalf Morrone, 1994 Beetle Gandalf [81]
Mithrandir † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Gandalf (Mithrandir) [63]
Mimatuta morgoth † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Morgoth [63]
Niphredil radagasti † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Radagast [63]
Paraortygoides radagasti † Dyke & Gulas, 2002 Bird Radagast "For the wizard of Middle Earth, Radagast the Brown, rabid communicator with birds" [82]
Sauron Eskov, 1995 Spider Sauron [83]
Sauroniops † Cau et al, 2012 Dinosaur Sauron The name has the intended meaning of "Eye of Sauron". [84]
Semicytherura balrogi Brouwers, 1994 Ostracod Balrogs "After the Balrog, an evil character in J.R.R. Tolkien's adventures of Middle Earth" [85]
Yavanna Vera, 2013 Tree fern Yavanna [86]

Named after Elves

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Elachista amrodella Kaila, 1999 Moth Amrod [64]
Elachista aredhella Kaila, 1999 Moth Aredhel [64]
Elachista caranthirella Kaila, 1999 Moth Caranthir [64]
Elachista curufinella Kaila, 1999 Moth Curufin [64]
Elachista daeronella Kaila, 1999 Moth Daeron [64]
Elachista finarfinella Kaila, 1999 Moth Finarfin [64]
Elachista galadella Kaila, 1999 Moth Galadhrim, the Silvan Elves [64]
Elachista gildorella Kaila, 1999 Moth Gildor Inglorion [64]
Elachista indisella Kaila, 1999 Moth Indis [64]
Elachista maglorella Kaila, 1999 Moth Maglor [64]
Elachista miriella Kaila, 1999 Moth Míriel Serindë [64]
Elachista telerella Kaila, 1999 Moth Teleri [64]
Elachista turgonella Kaila, 1999 Moth Turgon [64]
Gallogramma galadrieli † Garrouste et al, 2017 Prehistoric insect Galadriel [87]
Gildoria Hedqvist, 1974 Wasp Gildor Inglorion [88]
Legolasia Hedqvist, 1974 Wasp Legolas Now revised to Chlorocytus. [89]
Oxyprimus galadrielae † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Galadriel [63]
Pseudophallus galadrielae Dallevo-Gomes, Mattox, & Toledo-Piza, 2020 Pipefish Galadriel "The epithet galadrielae refers to the character Galadriel in the trilogy 'The Lord of the Rings' by J. R. R. Tolkien. The elf ruler of Lothlórien is bearer of the ring Nenya, also known as the ring of water. It is used herein in reference to the additional bony rings diagnostic of the new species and its association with freshwater habitats." [90]
Tinuviel † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Tinuviel [63]

Named after Dwarves

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Aspidoras azaghal Tencatt et al, 2020 Catfish Azaghâl "Azaghâl was the king of the Broadbeam Dwarves, one of the seven dwarf clans, and Lord of the dwarven realm of Belegost in the Blue Mountains during Middle Earth's First Age. The name comes from a double allusion, first about the region where the species was found, Terra do Meio, freely translated as 'Middle Earth' in English, [the] name of the fictional world of Tolkien's legendarium, and second by the fact that the new species occurs in a mountainous region and presents a relatively small size, which are both typical features of the fictional dwarves." [91]
Balinia Hedqvist, 1978 Wasp Balin Now revised to Acrias. [92]
Bomburodon † (Van Valen, 1978) Fossil mammal Bombur Formerly named Bomburia.[b] [63][94]
Cacosternum thorini Conradie, 2014 Frog Thorin Oakenshield "The species name is derived from Thorin II Oakenshield, a fictional character in the J.R.R. Tolkien novel ‘The Hobbit’. [...] It is widely known and accepted that Hogsback was the inspiration behind J.R.R. Tolkien’s novels the ‘The Hobbit’ and the ‘Lord of the Rings’ series. The name references its small size, its complicated call and the fact that it is found at the base of a large mountain in Hogsback." [95]
Deltatherium durini † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Durin Allusion is to size, being two-thirds the size of Deltatherium fundaminis [63]
Elachista ibunella Kaila, 1999 Moth Ibûn [64]
Elachista telcharella Kaila, 1999 Moth Telchar [64]
Gimlia Hedqvist, 1978 Wasp Gimli Now revised to Acrias. [92]
Nebela gimlii Singer et al, 2015 Testate amoebae Gimli "The name of this species refers to the name of Gimli, one of the dwarfs in J.R.R. Tolkien’s masterpiece 'The Lord of the Rings', because of its small size (the smallest known member of the Nebela collaris complex) and stout shape. In addition, it has been found abundantly in a forest, and Gimli was unique among his kind to have been travelling in the woods." [96]
Oinia (Hedqvist, 1978) Wasp Óin Now revised to Acrias. [92]

Named after Men (Humans)

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Anisonchus eowynae † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Éowyn [63]
Elachista aerinella Kaila, 1999 Moth Aerin [64]
Elachista arthadella Kaila, 1999 Moth Arthad [64]
Elachista beorella Kaila, 1999 Moth Bëor [64]
Elachista bregorella Kaila, 1999 Moth Bregor [64]
Elachista dagnirella Kaila, 1999 Moth Dagnir [64]
Elachista eilinella Kaila, 1999 Moth Eilinel [64]
Elachista gorlimella Kaila, 1999 Moth Gorlim [64]
Elachista haldarella Kaila, 1999 Moth Haldar [64]
Elachista marachella Kaila, 1999 Moth Marach [64]
Elachista morwenella Kaila, 1999 Moth Morwen [64]
Elachista neithanella Kaila, 1999 Moth Túrin Neithan is a pseudonym of Túrin.[25] [64]
Elachista nienorella Kaila, 1999 Moth Niënor [64]
Elachista ragnorella Kaila, 1999 Moth Ragnor [64]
Elachista rianella Kaila, 1999 Moth Rían [64]
Elachista tuorella Kaila, 1999 Moth Tuor [64]
Elachista turinella Kaila, 1999 Moth Túrin [64]

Named after Hobbits

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Abacophrastus hobbit Will, 2011 Beetle Hobbits "an allusion to the setose dorsal surface of the tarsi, analogous to the hairy feet of Tolkien’s Hobbits" [97]
Aenigmachanna gollum Britz et al, 2019 Labyrinth fish Gollum "Named after Gollum, a character from J. R. R. Tolkien’s books ‘The Hobbit’ and ‘The Lord of the Rings’, a creature that went underground and during its subterranean life changed its morphological features." [98]
Aglaophenia baggins Soto Ángel & Peña Cantero, 2017 Hydrozoan Baggins family [99]
Ansonia smeagol Davies et al, 2016 Toad Gollum (Sméagol) [100]
Breviceps bagginsi Minter, 2003 Frog Bilbo Baggins [101]
Frodospira † Wagner, 1999 Gastropod Frodo Baggins [102]
Galaxias gollumoides McDowall & Chadderton, 1999 Ray-finned fish Gollum Gollumoides means "Gollum-like".[25] [103]
Gollum Garrick, 1954 Shark Gollum [104]
Gollumiella Hedqvist, 1978 Wasp Gollum [105]
Gollumjapyx smeagol Sendra & Ortuño, 2006 Dipluran Gollum (Sméagol) [106]
Goniurosaurus gollum Qi et al, 2020 Gecko Gollum "This new species and Gollum have similar cave-dwelling habit and emaciated body. We suggest the common name as 'Gollum Leopard Gecko'" [107]
Iandumoema smeagol Pinto-da-Rocha, 1996 Harvestman Gollum (Sméagol) [108]
Ingerophrynus gollum Grismer, 2007 Toad Gollum [109]
Laparocerus hobbit Machado, 2008 Beetle Hobbits "The specific epithet ... refers to the Hobbits ... a literary fictitious race of people who have big and hairy feet; a metaphor of the swollen and hairy tarsi characteristic of this species." [110]
Lotharingius frodoi † Mattioli, 1996 Coccolithophore Frodo Baggins [111]
Macrostyphlus bilbo Morrone, 1994 Beetle Bilbo Baggins
Macrostyphlus frodo Morrone, 1994 Beetle Frodo Baggins [81]
Marjumia bagginsi † Melzak & Westrop, 1994 Trilobite Bilbo Baggins [112]
Odontonia bagginsi de Gier & Fransen, 2018 Shrimp Baggins family [113]
Pericompsus bilbo Erwin, 1974 Beetle Bilbo Baggins "These beetles are short and robust much like Bilbo." [114]
Psylla frodobagginsi Martoni, 2019 Psyllid Frodo Baggins [115]
Saurodocus hobbit Yerman & Krapp-Schickel, 2008 Amphipod Hobbits [116]
Shireplitis bilboi Fernández-Triana & Ward, 2013 Wasp Bilbo Baggins [72]
Shireplitis frodoi Fernández-Triana & Ward, 2013 Wasp Frodo Baggins [72]
Shireplitis meriadoci Fernández-Triana & Ward, 2013 Wasp Meriadoc Brandybuck [72]
Shireplitis peregrini Fernández-Triana & Ward, 2013 Wasp Peregrin Took [72]
Shireplitis samwisei Fernández-Triana & Ward, 2013 Wasp Samwise Gamgee [72]
Sinopesa gollum Lin & Li, 2021 Spider Gollum "named after Gollum,[...] who lived in a cave, as does this new species" [117]
Smeagol Climo, 1980 Gastropod Gollum (Sméagol) [25][118]
Smeagolia (Hedqvist, 1973) Wasp Gollum (Sméagol) Now revised to Muscidifurax. [25][119]
Syconycteris hobbit Ziegler, 1982 Bat Hobbits [25][120]

Named after Orcs

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Borophagus orc † Webb, 1969 Fossil mammal Orcs [121]
Protungulatum gorgun † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Orcs "Etymology: Gorgûn, the Woses' name for orcs in The Lord of the Rings, with reference to the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation" [63]

Named after the Nazgûl

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Abavorana nazgul Quah et al, 2017 Frog Nazgûl Named "in reference to the 'Nazgûl', characters created by J.R.R. Tolkien in The Lord of the Rings (1954). Also known as Ring-wraiths, they were nine men who succumbed to Sauron’s power and were transformed into white ghostly figures wearing black cloaks—the colouration that the new population being described herein shares." [122]
Acledra nazgul Faúndez, Rider & Carvajal, 2016 True bug Nazgûl "After the fictional Nazgûl characters created by J.R.R. Tolkien, who, mounted on winged creatures, could fly long distances, even on steep peaks; on the other hand, this new species has a wide distribution and dispersal capacity throughout the highlands near the Argentinean Andes, which resembles the behaviour of the Nazgûl." [123][124]
Khamul Gates, 2008 Wasp Khamûl, a Nazgûl [68]
Nazgulia Hedqvist, 1973 Wasp Nazgûl [119]
Potamalpheops nazgul Christodoulou, Iliffe & De Grave, 2019 True shrimp Nazgûl "Named after J.R.R. Tolkienʼs fictional characters, the Nazgul, who dwell in the realm of shadows, akin to the habitat of this new shrimp species" [125]
Tetramorium nazgul Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2012 Ant Nazgûl [126]

Named after Ents

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Entia Hedqvist (1974) Wasp Ents Now revised to Boucekastichus. [127][128]
Fimbrethil † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Fimbrethil, the lost wife of Treebeard [63]
Unicauda fimbrethilae Rosser, 2016 Myxozoan Fimbrethil, the lost wife of Treebeard [129]

Named after other characters

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Beorn † Cooper, 1964 Tardigrade Beorn [130]
Beornia Hedqvist, 1975 Wasp Beorn [131]
Bubogonia bombadili † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Tom Bombadil [63]
Earendil † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Eärendil, a Half-elf [63]
Elachista diorella Kaila, 1999 Moth Dior Eluchíl, a Half-elf [64]
Mimotricentes mirielae † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Míriel Ar-Zimraphel, a queen of Númenor [63]
Protoselene bombadili † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Tom Bombadil [63]

Named after animals

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Amphiledorus ungoliantae Pekár & Cardoso, 2005 Spider Ungoliant Ungoliant is a giant spider. [132]
Ancalagon Conway Morris, 1977 Priapulid Ancalagon the Black [133]
Ankalagon † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Ancalagon the Black [63]
Claenodon mumak † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Mûmakil, the elephants of Middle-earth [63]
Cnemaspis smaug Pal et al, 2021 Gecko Smaug "The species is named after "Smaug", the dragon from J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 novel, The Hobbit. The name is derived from the old German verb 'smeuganan' meaning "to creep" or "to squeeze through a hole". The type specimens of this species were found within crevices of rocks and boulders inside the forest. Additionally, like dragons, the dorsum is armoured with large conical tubercles." [134]
Cristaphyes glaurung Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018 Kinorhynch Glaurung [135]
Cristaphyes scatha Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018 Kinorhynch Scatha the Worm [135]
Desmatoclaenus mearae † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Mearas, the horses of Rohan [63]
Glaurung † Bulanov & Sennikov, 2015 Weigeltisaurid Glaurung [136]
Gwaihiria Naumann, 1982 Wasp Gwaihir, Lord of the Eagles [81]
Nemesia ungoliant Decae, Cardoso & Selden, 2007 Spider Ungoliant [137]
Ochyrocera laracna Brescovit, Cizauskas & Mota, 2018 Spider Shelob "Laracna" is Shelob's name in Portuguese [138]
Ochyrocera ungoliant Brescovit, Cizauskas & Mota, 2018 Spider Ungoliant [138]
Planois smaug Carvajal, Faúndez & Rider, 2015 True bug Smaug [139][140]
Pycnophyes ancalagon Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018 Kinorhynch Ancalagon the Black [135]
Smaug Stanley et al, 2011 Lizard Smaug [141]
Tamolia ancalagon Carvajal et al, 2015 True bug Ancalagon the Black Named "for Ancalagon the Black, the largest dragon in J. R. R. Tokien’s universe; because of the dark coloration and aspect of this new species, as well as its size compared to many other heteropterans." [142]
Tetramorium smaug Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2012 Ant Smaug [126]

Named after objects and locations

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Arctoceras erebori † Piazza, 2017 Ammonoid Erebor, the Lonely Mountain [143]
Asthenodipsas lasgalenensis Loredo et al, 2013 Snake Eryn Lasgalen, Mirkwood "The specific epithet lasgalenensis is derived from the name Eryn Lasgalen which means in the “Wood of Greenleaves” in the fictional Sindarian language from J.R.R Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings (1955). It was the name used by the Wood Elves for the Mirkwood Forest after its cleansing following the War of the Ring. This name was chosen because Tolkien’s (1955) description of this forest showed great similarity to the cloudy, upland forests within which this species is found." [144]
Astyanax lorien Zanata, Burger & Camelier, 2018 Ray-finned fish Lothlorien lorien, from the Quenya language meaning "Dream Land", used in allusion to the "beautiful areas" inhabited by the Brazilian species [145]
Cristaphyes dordaidelosensis Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018 Kinorhynch Dor Daidelos Arctic species named for "The Region of Everlasting Cold" in The Silmarillion [135]
Desmia mordor Landry & Solis, 2016 Moth Mordor The specific name "means ‘Black Land’ in Sindarin, a fictional language used in The Lord of the Rings, the epic high-fantasy novel written by English author J. R. R. Tolkien [...] Mordor is volcanic and partly arid, like the Galápagos." [146]
Fimbrethil ambaronae † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Ambaróna, a name for the forest Fangorn [63]
Litaletes ondolinde † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Ondolindë, an alternate name of the Elven city Gondolin [63]
Lopholatilus ereborensis Carnevale & Godfrey, 2014 Tilefish Erebor, the Lonely Mountain [147]
Niphredil † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Niphredil, a flower in Middle Earth [63]
Platymastus palantir † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Palantir [63]
Pseudopallenis palantir Kolibáč, 1997 Beetle Palantir [148]
Shireplitis Fernández-Triana & Ward, 2013 Wasp The Shire [72]
Thangorodrim thalion † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal Thangorodrim "Sindarin (Elvish) thalion, strong. Reference is to the massive morphology of the jaws and the generic name" [63]
Uroplatus fangorn Ratsoavina et al, Scherz, 2020 Gecko Fangorn "The species epithet fangorn is…derived from the name of a deep, dark woodland in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle Earth. Fangorn is a Sindarin word (one of Tolkien’s constructed languages) meaning 'Treebeard' (derived from the Sindarin words fang, meaning beard, and orn, meaning tree); the same name (both as Fangorn and as Treebeard) is also given to the oldest of the Ents, a race of ancient tree shepherds. We use this name in reference not only to the similarities between Fangorn forest and the forests in which the new species occurs, but also to the tree-like appearance of Uroplatus geckos, which make them seem like the 'tree spirits' that are Tolkien’s Ents (Flieger 2013)." [149]

Named after Elvish words

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Aletodon mellon † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal mellon Mellon is the elvish word for "friend" that opened the doors to Moria [63]
Chriacus calenancus † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal calen, anca "Sindarin (Elvish) calen, green; anca, Jaws. Reference is to inferred herbivory" [63]
Elachista aranella Kaila, 1999 Moth aran- "E. aranella seems to owe its name to aran-, the 'royal prefix used by the Kings of Arthedain after Malvegil and by the Chieftains of the Dúnedain of the North to indicate their claim to all of Arnor'".[150] [64]
Epimeria anguloce d’Acoz & Verheye, 2017 Amphipod angulócë "Angulócë, dragon — Tolkien’s Quenya language ( Faulskanger 2008). The name, which is a noun in apposition, alludes to the dragon-like facies of the species." [151]
Helicops nentur Costa et al, 2016 Snake nen, tur "The name nentur is formed by the (Quenya) words nen (water) and tur (ruler, master)," referencing the aquatic habits of the species [152]
Hylaeus mellon Dathe and Proshchalykin, 2016 Bee mellon "mellon (High Elvish [Sindarin]): friend" [153]
Mimatuta minuial † Van Valen, 1978 Fossil mammal minuial [63]
Thiodina perian Bustamante & Ruiz, 2017 Jumping spider perian "The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the fictional language Sindarin created by J.R.R. Tolkien. The Sindarin is one of the languages spoken by the Elves. The word 'perian' is translated as 'small' and was used to refer to the Hobbits, the smaller kind of Middle Earth; in reference to its small size, to date the smallest thiodinine ever discovered" [154]
Vanima Zacca, Casagrande & Mielke, 2020 Butterfly vanima In Quenya (elvish) vanima means beautiful [155]

Named after other works

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Aspidoras psammatides Britto, Lima & Santos, 2005 Catfish Psamathos Psamathides, Roverandom "Psammatides, after 'Psammatos psammatides' [sic], 'the sand sorcerer', a character of J.R.R. Tolkien’s book 'Roverandom', from the Greek psammos, sand, and ides, son of. In allusion to the sand-dwelling behavior of the species." [156]


See also

Notes

  1. ^ Kaila's Elachista species names include E. aerinella, E. amrodella, E. aredhella, E. arthadella, E. bregorella, E. caranthirella, E. celegormella, E. cicadella, E. curufinella, E. daeronella, E. dagnirella, E. diorella, E. dolabella, E. finarfinella, E. gildorella, E. gorlimella, E. haldarella, E. indisella, E. maglorella, E. marachella, E. morwenella, E. olorinella, E. ragnorella, E. tauronella, E. telcharella, E. telerella and E. turgonella ; E. praelineata group: E. aranella, E. aristoteliella, E. eilinella, E. guilinella, E. ibunella, E. miriella, E. nienorella, E. serindella and E. turinella ; E. saccharella group: E. dulcinella, E. hedionella, E. helodella, E. suavella and E. uniolae; E. freyerella group: E. beorella, E. galadella, E. neithanella, E. rianella and E. tuorella.[64]
  2. ^ Bomburia was already a genus of wasps named for the dwarf of Norse mythology[93]

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Works cited

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