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| [[Al-Masudi]] || [[Arab]] historian and geographer || {{sort|893|Before 893}} || 956<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368842/al-Masudi|title=al-Masʿūdī|date=2012|accessdate=16 August 2012|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref>
| [[Al-Masudi]] || [[Arab]] historian and geographer || {{sort|893|Before 893}} || 956<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368842/al-Masudi|title=al-Masʿūdī|date=2012|accessdate=16 August 2012|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Alchabitius]] || Author of ''Al-madkhal ilā sināʿat Aḥkām al-nujūm'', a [[treatise]] on astrology; from [[Iraq]] || Before c. 950 || After c. 950<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830903546.html|title=Al-Qabīṣī, Abū Al-Ṣaqr ‘Abd Al-‘Azīz Ibn ‘Uthmān Ibn ‘Alī|encyclopedia=[[Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography]]|date=2008|accessdate=19 August 2012|first=David|last=Pingree|authorlink=David Pingree}}</ref>
| [[Alchabitius]] || Author of ''Al-madkhal ilā sināʿat Aḥkām al-nujūm'', a [[treatise]] on astrology; from [[Iraq]] || Before c. 950 || {{sort|950|After c. 950}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830903546.html|title=Al-Qabīṣī, Abū Al-Ṣaqr ‘Abd Al-‘Azīz Ibn ‘Uthmān Ibn ‘Alī|encyclopedia=[[Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography]]|date=2008|accessdate=19 August 2012|first=David|last=Pingree|authorlink=David Pingree}}</ref>
|-
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| {{sort|Balkhi, Ahmed Sahl|[[Abu Zayd al-Balkhi]]}} || [[Persian people|Persian]] [[Muslim]] [[polymath]] || 849 || 934<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-zayd-balki|title=Abū Zayd Balḵī|date=1983|accessdate=16 August 2012|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|volume=I|pages=399–400|first=W. M.|last=Watt|authorlink=William Montgomery Watt}}</ref>
| {{sort|Balkhi, Ahmed Sahl|[[Abu Zayd al-Balkhi]]}} || [[Persian people|Persian]] [[Muslim]] [[polymath]] || 849 || 934<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-zayd-balki|title=Abū Zayd Balḵī|date=1983|accessdate=16 August 2012|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|volume=I|pages=399–400|first=W. M.|last=Watt|authorlink=William Montgomery Watt}}</ref>
Line 95: Line 95:
| [[Ibn Khordadbeh]] || Author on subjects including history, genealogy, geography, music, and wines and cookery; of [[Persian people|Persian]] descent || {{sort|820|c. 820}} || {{sort|912|c. 912}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830902298.html|title=Ibn Khurradādhbih (or Ibn Khurdādhbih), Abu’l-Qāsim ‘Ubayd Allāh ‘Abd Allāh|encyclopedia=[[Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography]]|date=2008|accessdate=19 August 2012|first=S. Maqbul|last=Ahmad}}</ref>
| [[Ibn Khordadbeh]] || Author on subjects including history, genealogy, geography, music, and wines and cookery; of [[Persian people|Persian]] descent || {{sort|820|c. 820}} || {{sort|912|c. 912}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830902298.html|title=Ibn Khurradādhbih (or Ibn Khurdādhbih), Abu’l-Qāsim ‘Ubayd Allāh ‘Abd Allāh|encyclopedia=[[Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography]]|date=2008|accessdate=19 August 2012|first=S. Maqbul|last=Ahmad}}</ref>
|-
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| {{sort|Khāzin, Abū Ja'far|[[Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin]]}} || Astronomer and [[number theorist]] from [[Greater Khorasan|Khurasan]] || {{sort|900|c. 900}} || {{sort|970|c. 971}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Khazin.html|title=Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn al-Hasan Al-Khazin|date=1999|accessdate=19 August 2012|publisher=[[University of St Andrews]]|first1=J. J.|last1=Robertson|first2=E. F.|last2=Robertson}}</ref>
| {{sort|Khāzin, Abū Ja'far|[[Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin]]}} || Astronomer and [[number theorist]] from [[Greater Khorasan|Khurasan]] || {{sort|900|c. 900}} || {{sort|970|c. 971}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Khazin.html|title=Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn al-Hasan Al-Khazin|date=July 1999|accessdate=19 August 2012|work=[[MacTutor History of Mathematics archive]]|publisher=[[University of St Andrews]]|first1=J. J.|last1=O'Connor|first2=E. F.|last2=Robertson|authorlink2=Edmund F. Robertson}}</ref>
|-
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| {{sort|Khojandi, Abu-Mahmud|[[Abu-Mahmud Khojandi]]}} || Astronomer and mathematician born in [[Khujand]] || {{sort|945|c. 945}} || 1000<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Khujandi_BEA.htm|title=Khujandī: Abū Maḥmūd Ḥāmid ibn al‐Khiḍr al‐Khujandī|encyclopedia=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers|date=2007|accessdate=19 August 2012|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|location=New York|editor-first=Thomas|editor-last=Hockey|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_762|first=Glen|last=Van Brummelen|pages=630–631}}</ref>
| {{sort|Khojandi, Abu-Mahmud|[[Abu-Mahmud Khojandi]]}} || Astronomer and mathematician born in [[Khujand]] || {{sort|945|c. 945}} || 1000<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Khujandi_BEA.htm|title=Khujandī: Abū Maḥmūd Ḥāmid ibn al‐Khiḍr al‐Khujandī|encyclopedia=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers|date=2007|accessdate=19 August 2012|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|location=New York|editor-first=Thomas et al.|editor-last=Hockey|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_762|first=Glen|last=Van Brummelen|pages=630–631}}</ref>
|-
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| {{sort|Muqqadasi|[[Al-Muqaddasi]]}} || [[Arabians|Arabian]] traveller and author of a ''Description of the Lands of Islam'', an [[Arabic]] geography<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mu%E1%B8%B3addasi|title=Muḳaddasi|date=1911|accessdate=19 August 2012|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|edition=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|11th]]}}</ref> || {{sort|946|c. 946–7}} || 1000<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&lpg=PA286&ots=TTmQiHXW2l&dq=Al-Muqaddasi&pg=PA285#v=onepage&q=Al-Muqaddasi&f=false|title=Geography|encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|date=31 October 2005|accessdate=19 August 2012|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London|page=286|volume=1|editor-first=Josef W.|editor-last=Meri|authorlink=Josef W. Meri|isbn=0415966906}}</ref>
| {{sort|Muqqadasi|[[Al-Muqaddasi]]}} || [[Arabians|Arabian]] traveller and author of a ''Description of the Lands of Islam'', an [[Arabic]] geography<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mu%E1%B8%B3addasi|title=Muḳaddasi|date=1911|accessdate=19 August 2012|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|edition=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|11th]]}}</ref> || {{sort|946|c. 946–7}} || 1000<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&lpg=PA286&ots=TTmQiHXW2l&dq=Al-Muqaddasi&pg=PA285#v=onepage&q=Al-Muqaddasi&f=false|title=Geography|encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|date=31 October 2005|accessdate=19 August 2012|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London|page=286|volume=1|editor-first=Josef W.|editor-last=Meri|authorlink=Josef W. Meri|isbn=0415966906}}</ref>
|-
|-
| {{sort|Nayrizi|[[Al-Nayrizi]]}} || Astronomer and [[meteorologist]] probably from [[Neyriz]] || {{sort|865|c. 865}} || {{sort|922|c. 922}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Nayrizi.html|title=Abu'l Abbas al-Fadl ibn Hatim Al-Nayrizi|date=1999|accessdate=19 August 2012|publisher=[[University of St Andrews]]|first1=J. J.|last1=E. F.|last2=Robertson}}</ref>
| {{sort|Nayrizi|[[Al-Nayrizi]]}} || Astronomer and [[meteorologist]] probably from [[Neyriz]] || {{sort|865|c. 865}} || {{sort|922|c. 922}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Nayrizi.html|title=Abu'l Abbas al-Fadl ibn Hatim Al-Nayrizi|date=November 1999|accessdate=19 August 2012|work=[[MacTutor History of Mathematics archive]]|publisher=[[University of St Andrews]]|first1=J. J.|last1=O'Connor|first2=E. F.|last2=Robertson|authorlink2=Edmund F. Robertson}}</ref>
|-
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| {{sort|Rustah, Ahmad|[[Ahmad ibn Rustah]]}} || [[Persian people|Persian]] author of a geographical [[compendium]] || Unknown || {{sort|903|After 903}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ebn-rosta|title=Ebn Rosta, Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad|date=15 December 1997|accessdate=19 August 2012|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|volume=VIII|pages=49–50|first=C. Edmund|last=Bosworth|authorlink=Clifford Edmund Bosworth}}</ref>
| {{sort|Rustah, Ahmad|[[Ahmad ibn Rustah]]}} || [[Persian people|Persian]] author of a geographical [[compendium]] || Unknown || {{sort|903|After 903}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ebn-rosta|title=Ebn Rosta, Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad|date=15 December 1997|accessdate=19 August 2012|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|volume=VIII|pages=49–50|first=C. Edmund|last=Bosworth|authorlink=Clifford Edmund Bosworth}}</ref>
|-
| {{sort|Qūhī, Abū Sahl|[[Abū Sahl al-Qūhī]]}} || Astronomer and mathematician from [[Tabaristan]] || {{sort|940|c. 940}} || {{sort|1000|c. 1000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Quhi.html|title=Abu Sahl Waijan ibn Rustam al-Quhi|date=November 1999|accessdate=21 August 2012|work=[[MacTutor History of Mathematics archive]]|publisher=[[University of St Andrews]]|first1=J. J.|last1=O'Connor|first2=E. F.|last2=Robertson|authorlink2=Edmund F. Robertson}}</ref>
|-
| {{sort|Saghani|[[Al-Saghani]]}} || Mathematician and astronomer who flourished in [[Turkmenistan]] || Unknown || 990<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=t-BF1CHkc50C&lpg=PA1297&ots=mf69lYOzDa&dq=al-saghani&pg=PA1004#v=onepage&q=al-saghani&f=false|title=Ṣāghānī: Abū Ḥāmid Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣāghānī [al-Ṣāghānī<nowiki>]</nowiki> al-Asṭurlābī|encyclopedia=Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers|first=Roser|last=Puig|editor1-first=Virginia|editor1-last=Trimble|editor1-link=Virginia Louise Trimble|editor2-first=Thomas|editor2-last=Williams|editor3-first=Katherine|editor3-last=Bracher|editor4-first=Richard|editor4-last=Jarrell|editor5-first=Jordan D.|editor5-last=Marché|editor6-first=F. Jamil|editor6-last=Ragep|date=20 November 2007|accessdate=21 August 2012|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|location=New York|page=1004|isbn=0387310223}}</ref>
|-
| {{sort|Sinan, Ibrahim|[[Ibrahim ibn Sinan]]}} || Geometer from [[Baghdad]] || 908 || 946<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ibrahim.html|title=Ibrahim ibn Sinan ibn Thabit ibn Qurra|date=November 1999|accessdate=21 August 2012|work=[[MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive]]|publisher=[[University of St Andrews]]|first1=J. J.|last1=O'Connor|first2=E. F.|last2=Robertson}}</ref>
|-
| {{sort|Sufi, Abd al-Rahman|[[Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi]]}} || Astronomer in [[Iran]] || 903 || 986<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Sufi_BEA.htm|title=Ṣūfī: Abū al‐Ḥusayn ʿAbd al‐Raḥmān ibn ʿUmar al‐Ṣūfī|encyclopedia=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers|date=2007|page=110|accessdate=21 August 2012|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|location=New York|editor-first=Thomas et al.|editor-last=Hockey|page=1110|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1346|first=Paul|last=Kunitzsch}}</ref>
|}
|}


Revision as of 00:23, 21 August 2012

Medieval and Renaissance literature
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Books

Title Author Description Date
Book of Fixed Stars Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi Treatise on astronomy including a star catalogue and star charts c. 964[1]
Al-Tasrif Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi Medical encyclopedia Completed in 1000[2]
Josippon Joseph ben Gorion History of the Jews from the destruction of Babylon to the Siege of Jerusalem 940[3]
Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity Brethren of Purity Philosophical-scientific encyclopedia 10th century[4]
Aleppo Codex Shlomo ben Buya'aa Copy of the Bible 920[5]
De Administrando Imperio Constantine VII Political geography of the world c. 950[6]
Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions Associated with Constantine VII Treatises providing information on military campaigns in Asia Minor Based on material compiled in the early 10th century, current form dates to the late 950s[7]
Geoponica Compiled under the patronage of Constantine VII Agricultural manual[8] Compiled in its present form in the 10th century[9]
Shahnameh Ferdowsi Epic poem Begun c. 977, finished 1010[10]
Benedictional of St. Æthelwold Godeman (a scribe) for Æthelwold of Winchester Benedictional including pontifical benedictions for use at mass at different points of the liturgical year Written and illuminated between 963 and 984[11]
Tactica of Emperor Leo VI the Wise Leo VI the Wise Handbook dealing with military formations and weapons Early 10th century[12]
Extensive Records of the Taiping Era Compiled by Li Fang Collection of anecdotes and stories 977–78[13]
Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era Compiled by Li Fang Encyclopedia 984[14]
Wamyō Ruijushō Compiled by Minamoto no Shitagō Collection of Japanese terms Mid-930s[15]
History of the Prophets and Kings Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari Universal history Unfinished at the time of Tabari's death in 956[16]
Praecepta Militaria Attributed to Nikephoros II Phokas Military manual 965[17]
Escorial Taktikon Edited by Nikolaos Oikonomides (1972)[18] Precedence list Drawn up between 975 and 979[19]
Bodhi Vamsa Upatissa of Upatissa Nuwara Prose poem describing the bringing of a branch of the Bodhi tree to Sri Lanka in the 3rd century c. 980[20]
Five Dynasties History Xue Juzheng Account of China's Five Dynasties 974[21]
Chronicon Salernitanum Anonymous[22] Annals 974[23]
Gesta Berengarii imperatoris Anonymous[24] Epic poem Early 10th century[25]
Annales Cambriae Diverse sources Chronicle believed to cover a period beginning 447 c. 970[26]
Waltharius Unknown Frankish monk Epic poem about the Germanic Heroic Age First circulated/published c. 850 to c. 950[27]
Leofric Missal Unknown scribes Service book Core written c. 900, with an addition made c. 980[28]
Khaboris Codex Unknown Oldest known copy of the New Testament 10th century[29]
Suda Unknown[30] Encyclopedia 10th century[31]
Tractatus coislinianus Unknown Manuscript containing a statement of a Greek theory of comedy 10th century[32]
Beowulf Unknown Epic Believed to have been written between the 7th and 10th centuries[33]
Exeter Book Unknown Poetic miscellany c. 965–975[34]
Ishinpō Tanba Yasunori Encyclopedia of Chinese medicine Issued in 982[35]
Hudud al-'alam Unknown Concise geography of the world Begun 982–983[36]

Authors

Name Description Born Died
Al-Masudi Arab historian and geographer Before 893 956[37]
Alchabitius Author of Al-madkhal ilā sināʿat Aḥkām al-nujūm, a treatise on astrology; from Iraq Before c. 950 After c. 950[38]
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi Persian Muslim polymath 849 934[39]
Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī Arab astronomer c. 850 c. 929[40]
Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī Mathematician and astronomer; author of Kitāb fī mā yaḥtaj ilayh al-kuttāb wa’l-ʿummāl min ʾilm al-ḥisāb, an arithmetic textbook; of Persian descent 940 997 or 998[41]
Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī Arabian geographer Unknown 945[42]
Hrotsvitha German dramatist and poet c. 935 c. 1002[43]
Ibn al-Faqih Persian historian and geographer Unknown 903[44]
Ibn Hawqal Author of Kitāb al-masālik wa'l-mamālik, a book on geography; born in Nisibis Second half of the tenth century After 988[45]
Ibn Khordadbeh Author on subjects including history, genealogy, geography, music, and wines and cookery; of Persian descent c. 820 c. 912[46]
Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin Astronomer and number theorist from Khurasan c. 900 c. 971[47]
Abu-Mahmud Khojandi Astronomer and mathematician born in Khujand c. 945 1000[48]
Al-Muqaddasi Arabian traveller and author of a Description of the Lands of Islam, an Arabic geography[49] c. 946–7 1000[50]
Al-Nayrizi Astronomer and meteorologist probably from Neyriz c. 865 c. 922[51]
Ahmad ibn Rustah Persian author of a geographical compendium Unknown After 903[52]
Abū Sahl al-Qūhī Astronomer and mathematician from Tabaristan c. 940 c. 1000[53]
Al-Saghani Mathematician and astronomer who flourished in Turkmenistan Unknown 990[54]
Ibrahim ibn Sinan Geometer from Baghdad 908 946[55]
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi Astronomer in Iran 903 986[56]

See also

References

  1. ^ Hafez, Ihsan; Stephenson, F. Richard; Orchiston, Wayne (31 August 2011). "'Abdul-Rahmān al-Şūfī and his Book of the Fixed Stars: A Journey of Re-discovery". In Orchiston, Wayne; Nakamura, Tsuko; Strom, Richard G. (eds.). Highlighting the History of Astronomy in the Asia-Pacific Region: Proceedings of the ICOA-6 Conference. New York: Springer. p. 121. ISBN 1441981608. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  2. ^ Crowe, Felicity; Goddard, Jolyon; Holingum, Ben; MacEachern, Sally; Russell, Henry, eds. (1 September 2010). "Abu al-Qasim, Khalaf az-Zahrawi (936–1013)". Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish Reference. p. 81. ISBN 0761479295. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  3. ^ "Joseph ben Gorion (Josephus Gorionides; referred to also as Yosippon and Pseudo-Josephus)". Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  4. ^ Zonta, Mauro (29 September 2005). "Microcosm/macrocosm". In Glick, Thomas F.; Livesey, Steven J.; Wallis, Faith (eds.). Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. London: Routledge. p. 346. ISBN 0415969301. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  5. ^ Pfeffer, Anshel (6 November 2007). "Fragment of ancient parchment from Bible given to Jerusalem scholars". Haaretz. Tel Aviv. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  6. ^ Waugh, Daniel C. "Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando Imperio". University of Washington. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  7. ^ Sullivan, Denis F. (15 February 2009). "Byzantine military manuals: prescriptions, practice and pedagogy". In Stephenson, Paul (ed.). The Byzantine World. Abingdon, Oxon: Taylor & Francis. pp. 155–156. ISBN 0415440106. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  8. ^ Kelhoffer, James A. (2005). The Diet of John the Baptist: "Locusts and Wild Honey" in Synoptic and Patristic Interpretation. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 105. ISBN 3161484606. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  9. ^ Sharples, R. W. (1995). Theophrastus of Eresus: Sources for His Life, Writings, Thought and Influence. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 121. ISBN 9004101748. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  10. ^ Khaleghi-Motlagh, Djalal (1999). "Ferdowsi, Abu'l-Qāsem i. Life". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. IX. pp. 514–523. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  11. ^ "Full description". British Library. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  12. ^ "Tactics". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. p. 1. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  13. ^ Ng, Zhiru (2007). The Making of a Savior Bodhisattva: Dizang in Medieval China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 173. ISBN 0824830458. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  14. ^ Lehner, Georg (10 May 2011). China in European Encyclopaedias, 1700–1850. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 289. ISBN 9004201505. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  15. ^ Goodwin, Janet R. (2007). Selling Songs and Smiles: The Sex Trade in Heian and Kamakura Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 13. ISBN 0824830970. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  16. ^ Sreedharan, E. (1 January 2004). A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000. Andhra Pradesh: Orient Blackswan. p. 66. ISBN 8125026576. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  17. ^ Sullivan, Denis F. (2000). Siegecraft: Two Tenth-century Instructional Manuals. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. p. 16. ISBN 0884022706. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  18. ^ Nesbitt, John; McGeer, Eric (2000). Talbot, Alice-Mary (ed.). "Nicolas Oikonomides". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 54. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks: ix. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  19. ^ Stephenson, Paul (2003). "The Balkan frontier in the year 1000". In Magdalino, Paul (ed.). Byzantium in the Year 1000. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 112. ISBN 9004120971. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  20. ^ "Bodhi Vamsa". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  21. ^ Ng, On-cho; Wang, Q. Edward (6 September 2005). Mirroring the Past: The Writing and Use of History in Imperial China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 140. ISBN 0824829131. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  22. ^ Nicolle, David (26 July 1984). The Age of Charlemagne. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 085045042X. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  23. ^ Van der Essen, Léon (1907). "Ecclesiastical Annals". Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  24. ^ Riché, Pierre (1993). The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe. Trans. Idomir Allen, Michael. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 223. ISBN 0812213424. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  25. ^ Dillon, John B. (2004). "Latin literature". In Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. London: Routledge. p. 609. ISBN 0415939313. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  26. ^ "Annales Cambriae". Britannia.com. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  27. ^ Magennis, Hugh (30 April 2003). "Anonymous: Waltharius". The Literary Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  28. ^ "Oxford, Bodleian, Bodley 579 (2675)". University of Leicester. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  29. ^ Easton, Roger L, Jr. "Research Highlights". Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved 15 August 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ Merry, Bruce (2004). "Suda (Suidas)". Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature. Westport, Connecticut. p. 409. ISBN 0313308136. Retrieved 18 August 2012. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  31. ^ Deakin, Michael A. B. (14 October 2004). "Hypatia and Her Mathematics". In Anderson, Marlow; Katz, Victor; Wilson, Robin (eds.). Sherlock Holmes in Babylon: And Other Tales of Mathematical History. Washington, D.C.: Mathematical Association of America. p. 53. ISBN 0883855461. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  32. ^ "Tractatus Coislinianus". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  33. ^ Schogol, Marc (14 March 2000). "10th-century Staple An Overnight Hit New Translation Creates A 'Beowulf' Boom. Puzzled Professors Are Rejoicing". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  34. ^ Murphy, Patrick J. (30 June 2011). Unriddling the Exeter Riddles. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State Press. p. 1. ISBN 0271048417. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
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