1980 in science: Difference between revisions
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* [[Atari]] release a conversion of the hit arcade game ''[[Space Invaders]]'' for the [[Atari 2600]] which popularises the home [[video game console]]. |
* [[Atari]] release a conversion of the hit arcade game ''[[Space Invaders]]'' for the [[Atari 2600]] which popularises the home [[video game console]]. |
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* [[Usenet]] established at the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] and [[Duke University]].<ref>{{cite book|title=From Usenet to CoWebs: interacting with social information spaces|editor=Lueg, Christopher; Fisher, Danyel|location=London|publisher=Springer|year=2003|isbn=1-85233-532-7}}</ref> |
* [[Usenet]] established at the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] and [[Duke University]].<ref>{{cite book|title=From Usenet to CoWebs: interacting with social information spaces|editor=Lueg, Christopher; Fisher, Danyel|location=London|publisher=Springer|year=2003|isbn=1-85233-532-7}}</ref> |
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* [[Convolutional neural network]]s are introduced in a paper by Kunihiko Fukushima.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fukushima|first=Kunihiko|title=Neocognitron: A Self-organizing Neural Network Model for a Mechanism of Pattern Recognition Unaffected by Shift in Position|journal=Biological Cybernetics|year=1980|volume=36|issue=4|pages=193-202|url=http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/spr08/cos598B/Readings/Fukushima1980.pdf|accessdate=2013-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ciresan|first1=Dan|first2=Ueli|last2=Meier|first3=Jürgen|last3=Schmidhuber|title=Multi-column deep neural networks for image classification|journal=2012 [[IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition]]|date=June 2012|pages=3642-3649|doi=10.1109/CVPR.2012.6248110|arxiv=1202.2745v1|accessdate=2013-12-09|isbn=9781467312264|oclc=812295155|publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|location=New York}}</ref> |
* [[Convolutional neural network]]s are introduced in a paper by Kunihiko Fukushima.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fukushima|first=Kunihiko|title=Neocognitron: A Self-organizing Neural Network Model for a Mechanism of Pattern Recognition Unaffected by Shift in Position|journal=Biological Cybernetics|year=1980|volume=36|issue=4|pages=193-202|url=http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/spr08/cos598B/Readings/Fukushima1980.pdf|accessdate=2013-12-10|doi=10.1007/bf00344251}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ciresan|first1=Dan|first2=Ueli|last2=Meier|first3=Jürgen|last3=Schmidhuber|title=Multi-column deep neural networks for image classification|journal=2012 [[IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition]]|date=June 2012|pages=3642-3649|doi=10.1109/CVPR.2012.6248110|arxiv=1202.2745v1|accessdate=2013-12-09|isbn=9781467312264|oclc=812295155|publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|location=New York}}</ref> |
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==Geophysics== |
==Geophysics== |
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Revision as of 12:35, 4 May 2014
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The year 1980 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
- November 12 – Voyager program: The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to Saturn when it flies within 77,000 miles (124,000 km) of the planet's cloud-tops and sends the first high resolution images of the world back to scientists on Earth.
Chemistry
- John B. Goodenough, working with colleagues at the University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, identifies the cathode material that enables development of the rechargeable lithium-ion battery.[1][2]
Computer science
- May 22 – The arcade game Pac-Man is released in Japan.
- July – Microsoft's Bill Gates agrees to create an operating system for the new IBM Personal Computer. In September, David Bradley becomes one of the "original 12" engineers working on the project (under Don Estridge) and is responsible for the ROM BIOS code[3] and for developing the Control-Alt-Delete command.[4]
- Atari release a conversion of the hit arcade game Space Invaders for the Atari 2600 which popularises the home video game console.
- Usenet established at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University.[5]
- Convolutional neural networks are introduced in a paper by Kunihiko Fukushima.[6][7]
Geophysics
- June 6 – Luis and Walter Alvarez with Frank Asaro and Helen Michels propose the Alvarez hypothesis, that the mass extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by the impact of a large asteroid 66 million years ago, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.[8]
Medicine
- The much-enlarged third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), produced under the control of Robert Spitzer, is published.[9][10][11]
- Global campaign to eradicate Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) begins at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- First commercial MRI whole body scanner manufactured by Oxford Instruments for installation at Hammersmith Hospital, London.[12]
Awards
Births
- January 31 – Dan Milisavljevic, Canadian astronomer.
- November 22 – Shawn Fanning, American computer programmer.
Deaths
- January 3 – Joy Adamson (b. 1910), Silesian-born Kenyan wildlife conservationist (murdered).
- January 8 – John Mauchly (b. 1907), American co-inventor of the ENIAC computer.
- February 7 – Secondo Campini (b 1904), Italian jet engine pioneer.
- May 28 – Rolf Nevanlinna (b. 1895), Finnish mathematician.
- June 18 – Kazimierz Kuratowski (b. 1896), Polish mathematician.
- July 1 – C. P. Snow (b. 1905), English physicist and novelist.
- October 18 – Hans Ferdinand Mayer (b. 1895), German physicist.
- October 21 – Hans Asperger (b. 1906), Austrian pediatrician.
- November 4 – Elsie MacGill (b. 1905), Canadian aeronautical engineer, "Queen of the Hurricanes".
- December 16 – Hellmuth Walter (b. 1900), German-born mechanical engineer and inventor.
References
- ^ Mizushima, K.; Jones, P. C.; Wiseman, P. J.; Goodenough, J. B. (June 1980). "LixCoO2 (0<x≪-1): A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density". Materials Research Bulletin. 15: 783–789. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(80)90012-4. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Dronsfield, Alan (January 2011). "Inorganic Chemical Laboratory, Oxford/John Goodenough Landmark Award" (PDF). RSC Historical Group Newsletter. Royal Society of Chemistry: 25–27. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ Bellis, Mary. "IBM History". About.com. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
- ^ Aamidor, Abe. "Thank this guy for 'control-alt-delete'". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
- ^ Lueg, Christopher; Fisher, Danyel, ed. (2003). From Usenet to CoWebs: interacting with social information spaces. London: Springer. ISBN 1-85233-532-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ Fukushima, Kunihiko (1980). "Neocognitron: A Self-organizing Neural Network Model for a Mechanism of Pattern Recognition Unaffected by Shift in Position" (PDF). Biological Cybernetics. 36 (4): 193–202. doi:10.1007/bf00344251. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
- ^ Ciresan, Dan; Meier, Ueli; Schmidhuber, Jürgen (June 2012). "Multi-column deep neural networks for image classification". 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: 3642–3649. arXiv:1202.2745v1. doi:10.1109/CVPR.2012.6248110. ISBN 9781467312264. OCLC 812295155.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Alvarez, Luis W.; Alvarez, Walter; Asaro, Frank; Michel, Helen V. (1980). "Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction" (PDF). Science. 208 (4448): 1095–1108. Bibcode:1980Sci...208.1095A. doi:10.1126/science.208.4448.1095. PMID 17783054. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Mayes, R.; Horwitz, A. V. (2005). "DSM-III and the revolution in the classification of mental illness". Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences. 41: 249–67. doi:10.1002/jhbs.20103. PMID 15981242.
- ^ Wilson, M. (1993). "DSM-III and the transformation of American psychiatry: a history". American Journal of Psychiatry. 150 (3): 399–410. PMID 8434655. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ Speigel, Alix (2005-01-03). "The Dictionary of Disorder: How one man revolutionized psychiatry". The New Yorker: 56–63. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-04.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "MRI Scanner (1980)". Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Scheme. Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board. 2011-06-02. Retrieved 2012-01-06.