1905 in science
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The year 1905 in science and technology involved some significant events, particularly in physics, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Astronomy
- January 2 - Charles Dillon Perrine at Lick Observatory discovers Elara, one of Jupiter's natural satellites.
- The Dominion Observatory opens in Ottawa.
- Various astronomers discover the minor planets 554 Peraga through 583 Klotilde (see List of asteroids/501-600).
- The nova V604 Aquilae appears in the constellation Aquila.
- The Umov effect is noted by Nikolay Umov.[1]
[edit] Biology
- William Bateson coins the term "genetics" in a letter to Adam Sedgwick.
- Nettie Stevens and Edmund Beecher Wilson independently describe the XY sex-determination system.
- Stamen Grigorov identifies the bacterium Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a major agent in the creation of yogurt.
- National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals established in the United States.
[edit] Chemistry
- Carl von Linde obtains pure liquid oxygen and nitrogen by cooling air.[2]
- Alfred Einhorn synthesises the local anesthetic novocaine.[3]
- The first commercial use of the Frank–Caro process for the nitrogen fixation reaction of calcium carbide and atmospheric nitrogen to produce calcium nitrate as a fertilizer.[2]
[edit] Mathematics
- Pierre Fatou defines the Mandelbrot set.
- Oswald Veblen proves the Jordan curve theorem.
- Martin Kutta describes the popular fourth-order Runge-Kutta method.
- James Cullen, S.J., begins the study of Cullen numbers.
- Emanuel Lasker proves the Lasker–Noether theorem for the special case of polynomial rings.
[edit] Paleontology
- The Saurian Expedition led by John C. Merriam recovers many specimens of ichthyosaur.
- Tyrannosaurus rex is described and named by Henry Fairfield Osborn.
[edit] Physics
- Albert Einstein publishes his four Annus Mirabilis papers. In particular, he formulates the theory of special relativity and states the law of mass-energy conservation: E = mc². He also explains the photoelectric effect by quantization and mathematically analyzes Brownian motion. Because of this, 1905 is said to be the miraculous year for physics, and its 100th anniversary (2005) will be declared the World Year of Physics.
[edit] Physiology and medicine
- Nikolai Korotkov first describes auscultatory blood pressure measurement.[4]
[edit] Psychology
- Sigmund Freud publishes Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie (Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality) and Der Witz und seine Beziehung zum Unbewußten (Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious).
- June - Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon publish the first Binet-Simon Intelligence Test for intelligence testing of children with mental retardation.[5]
[edit] Technology
- Pathé Frères colorise black-and-white films by machine.
- Alfred Buchi files a patent for the turbocharger.
- Paul de Vivie invents a two-speed derailleur gear for bicycles.
- Pipe manufactures the first automobile with a hemi engine.
- Walter Griffiths invents a manually powered domestic vacuum cleaner.
- Reginald Fessenden invents the superheterodyne receiver.[6]
- First bascule bridge to the design of Joseph Strauss built.[7]
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- February 1 - Emilio G. Segrè (d. 1989), physicist, Nobel laureate
- February 23 - Derrick Henry Lehmer (d. 1991), mathematician
- March 18 - Thomas Townsend Brown (d. 1985), physicist.
- March 27 - Elsie MacGill (d. 1980), aeronautical engineer, "Queen of the Hurricanes"
- April 13 - Bruno Rossi (d. 1993), physicist and astronomer
- April 18 - George H. Hitchings (d 1998), scientist, Nobel laureate in Medicine
- April 20 - Albrecht Unsöld (d. 1995), astronomer
- August 1 - Helen Sawyer Hogg (d. 1993), astronomer
- August 11 - Erwin Chargaff (d. 2002), biochemist
- August 16 - Marian Rejewski (d. 1980), mathematician and cryptologist
- August 31 - Robert Bacher (d. 2004), nuclear physicist
- September 3 - Carl David Anderson (d. 1991), physicist, Nobel laureate
- September 17 - Hans Freudenthal (d. 1990), mathematician
- September 22 - Eugen Sänger (d. 1964), aerospace engineer
- September 24 - Severo Ochoa (d. 1993), biochemist, Nobel laureate
- September 30 - Nevill Francis Mott (d. 1996), physicist, Nobel laureate
- October 15 - C. P. Snow (d. 1980), physicist and novelist
- October 22 - Karl Guthe Jansky (d. 1950), physicist
- October 22 - Albert Whitford (d. 2002), astronomer
- October 23 - Felix Bloch (d. 1983), physicist, Nobel laureate
- October 31 - Harry Harlow (d. 1981), psychologist
- December 7 - Gerard Kuiper (d. 1973), astronomer
- December 16 - Piet Hein (d. 1996), mathematician
[edit] Deaths
- January 4 - Paul Henry (b. 1848), astronomer
- January 14 - Ernst Abbe (b. 1840, physicist
- March 24 - Jules Verne (b. 1828), science fiction author
- April 14 - Otto Wilhelm von Struve (b. 1819), astronomer
- June 18 - Per Teodor Cleve (b. 1840), chemist
- September 19 - Thomas Barnardo (b. 1845), physician and philanthropist.
- October 6 - Ferdinand von Richthofen (b. 1833), geologist
- November 15 (O.S. November 2) - Ivan Sechenov (d. 1829), "the father of Russian physiology"
[edit] References
- ^ Umov, N. (1905). "Chromatische depolarisation durch Lichtzerstreuung". Physikalische Zeitschrift 6: 674–676.
- ^ a b "125 Years of Linde: A Chronicle". The Linde Group. 2004. http://www.the-linde-group.com/en/images/chronicle_e%5B1%5D14-9855.pdf. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ Ritchie, J. Murdoch; Greene, Nicholas M. (1990). "Local Anesthetics". In Gilman, Alfred Goodman; Rall, Theodore W.; Nies, Alan S. et al. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (8th ed.). New York: Pergamon Press. p. 311. ISBN 0080402968.
- ^ Booth, Jeremy (1977). "A short history of blood pressure measurement". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 70 (11): 793–9. PMC 1543468. PMID 341169. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1543468/. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
- ^ L'Année Psychologique.
- ^ Nahin, Paul. The Science of Radio. p. 91. ISBN 0-387-95150-4.
- ^ Clarke, Mike (2009-01-05). "A Brief History of Movable Bridges". http://www.mikeclarke.myzen.co.uk/Movable%20Bridges.html. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
