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From 1986 to 1995 he taught at St George's Hospital Medical School,<ref name=whoswho/><ref name=SGHAlumni2013>[https://issuu.com/georegesalumni/docs/st_georges_alumni_newletter/20 "Career profile; Patrick Vallance"]. ''St George's Alumni Newsletter; The magazine for Alumni and friends of St George’s, University of London''. Issue 16 (spring 2013), p.18-19.</ref> where his research concentrated on [[vascular]] biology and [[endothelial cell]] physiology.<ref name=scopus>{{Scopus id}}</ref><ref name=RoyalSociety/> Prior to the discovery of nitric oxide, it was believed that [[hypertension|high blood pressure]] was usually a result of constrictor activity in blood vessels. Vallance performed studies which demonstrated the link between nitric oxide and blood pressure.<ref name=Moncada1999>{{Cite journal|last=Moncada|first=Salvador|date=April 1999|title=Nitric oxide: discovery and impact on clinical medicine|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/014107689909200402|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine]]|language=en-US|volume=92|issue=4|pages=164–169|doi=10.1177/014107689909200402|issn=0141-0768|pmc=1297136|pmid=10450191|via=[[SAGE Journals]]}}</ref>
From 1986 to 1995 he taught at St George's Hospital Medical School,<ref name=whoswho/><ref name=SGHAlumni2013>[https://issuu.com/georegesalumni/docs/st_georges_alumni_newletter/20 "Career profile; Patrick Vallance"]. ''St George's Alumni Newsletter; The magazine for Alumni and friends of St George’s, University of London''. Issue 16 (spring 2013), p.18-19.</ref> where his research concentrated on [[vascular]] biology and [[endothelial cell]] physiology.<ref name=scopus>{{Scopus id}}</ref><ref name=RoyalSociety/> Prior to the discovery of nitric oxide, it was believed that [[hypertension|high blood pressure]] was usually a result of constrictor activity in blood vessels. Vallance performed studies which demonstrated the link between nitric oxide and blood pressure.<ref name=Moncada1999>{{Cite journal|last=Moncada|first=Salvador|date=April 1999|title=Nitric oxide: discovery and impact on clinical medicine|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/014107689909200402|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine]]|language=en-US|volume=92|issue=4|pages=164–169|doi=10.1177/014107689909200402|issn=0141-0768|pmc=1297136|pmid=10450191|via=[[SAGE Journals]]}}</ref>


In 1987, with [[Joe Collier]], he set out to investigate whether human blood vessels demonstrated endothelium-dependent relaxation, a term coined in 1980 by [[Robert F. Furchgott]] and [[John V. Zawadzki]] after discovering that a [[aorta|large blood vessel]] would not relax when its [[endothelium|single-layered inner most lining]] was removed. Furchgott and Zawadzki subsequently showed that the occurrence was mediated by what they called [[endothelium-derived relaxing factor]], later found to be [[nitric oxide]], and it was shortly shown to occur in a variety of animals. Using veins from the back of a human hand, Vallance and Collier reproduced Furchgott and Zawadzki's findings.<ref name=Vallance1997>{{Cite journal|last=Vallance|first=Patrick|date=1997|title=Exploring Vascular Nitric Oxide in Health and Disease|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5421009/pdf/jrcollphyslond90383-0089.pdf|journal=Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London|volume=31|issue=3|pages=321–327|issn=0035-8819|pmc=5421009|pmid=9192338}}</ref><ref name=Blackman2000>{{Cite journal|last=Blackman Daniel J.|last2=Morris-Thurgood Jayne A.|last3=Atherton John J.|last4=Ellis Gethin R.|last5=Anderson Richard A.|last6=Cockcroft John R.|last7=Frenneaux Michael P.|date=18 January 2000|title=Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide Contributes to the Regulation of Venous Tone in Humans|url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.cir.101.2.165|journal=Circulation|volume=101|issue=2|pages=165–170|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.101.2.165}}</ref> Subsequently their team showed that the human [[artery|arterial vasculature]] is actively dilated by a continuous release of nitric oxide.<ref name=RoyalSociety/><ref name=Barba1999>{{Cite journal|last=Barba|first=Gianvincenzo|last2=Mullen|first2=Michael J.|last3=Donald|first3=Anne|last4=MacAllister|first4=Raymond J.|date=1 June 1999|title=Determinants of the Response of Human Blood Vessels to Nitric Oxide Donors In Vivo|url=http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/289/3/1662|journal=Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics|language=en|volume=289|issue=3|pages=1662–1668|issn=0022-3565|pmid=10336566|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In 1992, Vallance and [[Salvador Moncada|Moncada]] reported that the plasma concentrations of [[asymmetric dimethylarginine]] (ADMA) were elevated in people who were [[uraemia|uraemic]].<ref name=Ketteler2008>{{Cite journal|last=Ketteler|first=Markus|last2=Ritz|first2=Eberhard|date=1 September 2000|title=Renal failure: A state of nitric oxide deficiency?|url=https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538(15)47229-1/pdf|journal=Kidney International|language=English|volume=58|issue=3|pages=1356–1357|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00294.x|issn=0085-2538|pmid=10972702|via=}}</ref><ref name=Vallance1992>{{Cite journal|last=Vallance|first=P.|last2=Leone|first2=A.|last3=Calver|first3=A.|last4=Collier|first4=J.|last5=Moncada|first5=S.|authorlink5=Salvador Moncada|year=1992|title=Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in chronic renal failure|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=339|issue=8793|pages=572–575|issn=0140-6736|pmid=1347093|doi= 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90865-Z}} {{closed access}}</ref>
In 1987, with [[Joe Collier]], he set out to investigate whether human blood vessels demonstrated endothelium-dependent relaxation, a term coined in 1980 by [[Robert F. Furchgott]] and [[John V. Zawadzki]] after discovering that a [[aorta|large blood vessel]] would not relax when its [[endothelium|single-layered inner most lining]] was removed. Furchgott and Zawadzki subsequently showed that the occurrence was mediated by what they called [[endothelium-derived relaxing factor]], later found to be [[nitric oxide]], and it was shortly shown to occur in a variety of animals. Using veins from the back of a human hand, Vallance and Collier reproduced Furchgott and Zawadzki's findings.<ref name=Vallance1997>{{Cite journal|last=Vallance|first=Patrick|date=1997|title=Exploring Vascular Nitric Oxide in Health and Disease|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5421009/pdf/jrcollphyslond90383-0089.pdf|journal=Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London|volume=31|issue=3|pages=321–327|issn=0035-8819|pmc=5421009|pmid=9192338}}</ref><ref name=Blackman2000>{{Cite journal|last=Blackman Daniel J.|last2=Morris-Thurgood Jayne A.|last3=Atherton John J.|last4=Ellis Gethin R.|last5=Anderson Richard A.|last6=Cockcroft John R.|last7=Frenneaux Michael P.|date=18 January 2000|title=Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide Contributes to the Regulation of Venous Tone in Humans|url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.cir.101.2.165|journal=Circulation|volume=101|issue=2|pages=165–170|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.101.2.165}}</ref> Subsequently their team showed that the human [[artery|arterial vasculature]] is actively dilated by a continuous release of nitric oxide.<ref name=RoyalSociety/><ref name=Barba1999>{{Cite journal|last=Barba|first=Gianvincenzo|last2=Mullen|first2=Michael J.|last3=Donald|first3=Anne|last4=MacAllister|first4=Raymond J.|date=1 June 1999|title=Determinants of the Response of Human Blood Vessels to Nitric Oxide Donors In Vivo|url=http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/289/3/1662|journal=Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics|language=en|volume=289|issue=3|pages=1662–1668|issn=0022-3565|pmid=10336566|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In 1991, Vallance and [[Salvador Moncada|Moncada]] published a paper on the role of nitric oxide in cirrhosis, proposing an association between the changes in blood flow in [[cirrhosis]] and the vasoactive properties of nitric oxide.<ref name="Morales-Ruiz2011">{{Cite book|last=Morales-Ruiz|first=Manuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzhnIjYpVmsC&pg=PA121|title=Portal Hypertension in the 21st Century: The proceedings of a symposium sponsored by Axcan Pharma Inc. and NicOx S.A., held in Montrél, Canada, April 2–4, 2004|last2=|first2=|date=2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=|isbn=978-94-007-1042-9|editor-last=Groszmann|editor-first=R. J.|location=|pages=121-125|language=en|chapter=14. Pathophysiological role of Akt and endothelial nitric oxidesynthase in cirrhosis|editor-last2=Bosch|editor-first2=J.}}</ref> The following year they reported that the plasma concentrations of [[asymmetric dimethylarginine]] (ADMA) were elevated in people who were [[uraemia|uraemic]].<ref name=Ketteler2008>{{Cite journal|last=Ketteler|first=Markus|last2=Ritz|first2=Eberhard|date=1 September 2000|title=Renal failure: A state of nitric oxide deficiency?|url=https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538(15)47229-1/pdf|journal=Kidney International|language=English|volume=58|issue=3|pages=1356–1357|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00294.x|issn=0085-2538|pmid=10972702|via=}}</ref><ref name=Vallance1992>{{Cite journal|last=Vallance|first=P.|last2=Leone|first2=A.|last3=Calver|first3=A.|last4=Collier|first4=J.|last5=Moncada|first5=S.|authorlink5=Salvador Moncada|year=1992|title=Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in chronic renal failure|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=339|issue=8793|pages=572–575|issn=0140-6736|pmid=1347093|doi= 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90865-Z}} {{closed access}}</ref>


===University College Hospital===
===University College Hospital===

Revision as of 15:37, 26 March 2020

Sir Patrick Vallance
FRS FMedSci FRCP
Vallance in 2017
Born
Patrick John Thompson Vallance

March 1960
Essex, England
EducationTruro School
Alma materSt George's, University of London (MB, BS)
AwardsGoulstonian Lecture (1996)
Scientific career
Institutions
Websitewww.gov.uk/government/people/patrick-vallance

Sir Patrick John Thompson Vallance FRS FMedSci FRCP (born March 1960) is a British physician, scientist, and clinical pharmacologist who has worked in both academia and industry and has since March 2018 been the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Government of the United Kingdom.

From 1986 to 1995 he taught at St George's Hospital Medical School, where his research concentrated on vascular biology and endothelial cell physiology. In 1995 he was appointed professor at UCL Medical School, and in 2002 he became head of its department of medicine.

From 2012 to 2018 Vallance served as president of research and development (R&D) at the multinational pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).

Early life and education

Patrick Vallance was born in March 1960 to Peter Vallance and Barbara Vallance, in south-west Essex, now part of Greater London.[1] He has an older brother (born 1957) and a younger brother (born 1962).[citation needed] He was educated at the independent Truro School in Cornwall and his early aspiration was to become a palaeontologist.[2]

In 1978 he gained admission to study medicine at St George's, University of London,[2][3] where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1981 followed by a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MB, BS) in 1984.[1] At St George's, he was a student of Joe Collier, professor of medicines policy, and later a junior lecturer there.[2] In addition to Collier, Vallance has been inspired by physician Tom Pilkington and former regius professor of physic at Cambridge, Sir Keith Peters.[2]

Career and research

Before taking up senior positions with the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and later in the UK Government, Vallance spent several years in medical research.[4]

St George's Hospital

File:St-George s-Hospital.jpg
St George's Hospital, Tooting, London

From 1986 to 1995 he taught at St George's Hospital Medical School,[1][3] where his research concentrated on vascular biology and endothelial cell physiology.[5][6] Prior to the discovery of nitric oxide, it was believed that high blood pressure was usually a result of constrictor activity in blood vessels. Vallance performed studies which demonstrated the link between nitric oxide and blood pressure.[7]

In 1987, with Joe Collier, he set out to investigate whether human blood vessels demonstrated endothelium-dependent relaxation, a term coined in 1980 by Robert F. Furchgott and John V. Zawadzki after discovering that a large blood vessel would not relax when its single-layered inner most lining was removed. Furchgott and Zawadzki subsequently showed that the occurrence was mediated by what they called endothelium-derived relaxing factor, later found to be nitric oxide, and it was shortly shown to occur in a variety of animals. Using veins from the back of a human hand, Vallance and Collier reproduced Furchgott and Zawadzki's findings.[8][9] Subsequently their team showed that the human arterial vasculature is actively dilated by a continuous release of nitric oxide.[6][10] In 1991, Vallance and Moncada published a paper on the role of nitric oxide in cirrhosis, proposing an association between the changes in blood flow in cirrhosis and the vasoactive properties of nitric oxide.[11] The following year they reported that the plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were elevated in people who were uraemic.[12][13]

University College Hospital

From 1995 to 2002 he was professor at UCL Medical School, and professor of medicine from 2002 to 2006, and head of medicine.[1][14] He was also registrar of the Academy of Medical Sciences.[6]

In 2005, as head of the division of medicine at UCL, he published a paper in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, titled "A post-take ward round", in which he suggested that "reinvention of teams of doctors, nurses, therapists and social workers seems like an important task for general medicine".[15][16][17]

GSK

In 2006, in his mid-40s, he joined GSK as head of drug discovery.[18][19] Four years later he became head of medicines discovery and development and in 2012 he was appointed head of research and development at GSK.[20][21][22][23][24] Under his leadership at GSK, new medicines for cancer, asthma, autoimmune diseases and HIV infection were discovered and approved for use worldwide. He championed open innovation and novel industry-academic partnerships globally,[6][25][23] and maintained a strong focus on the search for new antibiotics and treatments for tropical diseases.[6][26]

UK Government

Patrick Vallance. British Government photograph.

In March 2018, Vallance left GSK and was appointed Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government, replacing Mark Walport.[27] In this role he leads the Government Office for Science, advising the prime minister and the cabinet.[28][29] In 2018, he was one of nine scientific advisers who, in a paper in Nature, called for "inclusive, rigorous, transparent, and accessible information for policy makers" and supported the Evidence-Based Research Network, established in 2016, to "lobby for all proposals for new research to be supported by references to systematic reviews of relevant existing research".[30]

In March 2020, as the government's Chief Scientific Adviser, Vallance appeared alongside prime minister Boris Johnson and the Chief Medical Officer for England, Chris Whitty, in press briefings on the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in the United Kingdom.[31]

Awards and honours

In 1995, Vallance became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP).[1] The following year he delivered the Goulstonian Lecture of the Royal College of Physicians, where he gave details of the connection between nitric oxide and blood pressure.[32] In 1999 he was elected a fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences, and in 2002 he was awarded the Graham Bull Prize for Clinical Science.[6] He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2017.[6] In 2019 he was Knighted.[33]

Personal life

In December 1986, Vallance married Sophia Ann Dexter in the City of Westminster.[citation needed] They have three children;[2] two sons, born January 1992 and March 1994, and one daughter born June 1997.[citation needed]

Selected publications

  • "Physiological importance of nitric oxide". British Medical Journal. Vol. 302, No. 6788 (1 June 1991), pp. 1289-90. doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6788.1289, PMID 2059682, PMC PMC1670035. Co-authored with J. Collier
  • “Exploring vascular nitric oxide in health and disease. The Goulstonian Lecture 1996”. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians London. Vol. 31 No. 3 (May/June 1997), pp. 321-327. PMID 9192338, PMC 5421009.
  • “Nitric oxide in the human cardiovascular system - SKB lecture 1997”. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. Vol. 45, Issue 5 (1998), pp. 433-9. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00720.x
  • "Sildenafil: desired and undesired effects". Hospital Medicine. Vol. 60, Issue 3 (March 1999). doi:10.12968/hosp.1999.60.3.10571, ISSN 1462-3935
  • "Four principles to make evidence synthesis more useful for policy". Nature. 20 June 2018. (Joint author)

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Vallance, Prof. Patrick John Thompson | WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO". www.ukwhoswho.com. 2020. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-246054/version/2. Retrieved 21 March 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ a b c d e Anon (2015). "Patrick Vallance: Inquisitive and geeky". British Medical Journal. 350 (mar05 5): h1144–h1144. doi:10.1136/bmj.h1144. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 25742697.(subscription required)
  3. ^ a b "Career profile; Patrick Vallance". St George's Alumni Newsletter; The magazine for Alumni and friends of St George’s, University of London. Issue 16 (spring 2013), p.18-19.
  4. ^ Hardy, Jack (13 March 2020). "Who is Sir Patrick Vallance? Government's chief scientific adviser carved path through research and big pharma". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  5. ^ Patrick Vallance publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Patrick Vallance | Royal Society". royalsociety.org. Retrieved 19 March 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ Moncada, Salvador (April 1999). "Nitric oxide: discovery and impact on clinical medicine". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 92 (4): 164–169. doi:10.1177/014107689909200402. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 1297136. PMID 10450191 – via SAGE Journals.
  8. ^ Vallance, Patrick (1997). "Exploring Vascular Nitric Oxide in Health and Disease" (PDF). Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 31 (3): 321–327. ISSN 0035-8819. PMC 5421009. PMID 9192338.
  9. ^ Blackman Daniel J.; Morris-Thurgood Jayne A.; Atherton John J.; Ellis Gethin R.; Anderson Richard A.; Cockcroft John R.; Frenneaux Michael P. (18 January 2000). "Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide Contributes to the Regulation of Venous Tone in Humans". Circulation. 101 (2): 165–170. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.101.2.165.
  10. ^ Barba, Gianvincenzo; Mullen, Michael J.; Donald, Anne; MacAllister, Raymond J. (1 June 1999). "Determinants of the Response of Human Blood Vessels to Nitric Oxide Donors In Vivo". Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 289 (3): 1662–1668. ISSN 0022-3565. PMID 10336566.
  11. ^ Morales-Ruiz, Manuel (2011). "14. Pathophysiological role of Akt and endothelial nitric oxidesynthase in cirrhosis". In Groszmann, R. J.; Bosch, J. (eds.). Portal Hypertension in the 21st Century: The proceedings of a symposium sponsored by Axcan Pharma Inc. and NicOx S.A., held in Montrél, Canada, April 2–4, 2004. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 121–125. ISBN 978-94-007-1042-9.
  12. ^ Ketteler, Markus; Ritz, Eberhard (1 September 2000). "Renal failure: A state of nitric oxide deficiency?". Kidney International. 58 (3): 1356–1357. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00294.x. ISSN 0085-2538. PMID 10972702.
  13. ^ Vallance, P.; Leone, A.; Calver, A.; Collier, J.; Moncada, S. (1992). "Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in chronic renal failure". The Lancet. 339 (8793): 572–575. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)90865-Z. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 1347093. Closed access icon
  14. ^ Medicine, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and (2017). Real-World Evidence Generation and Evaluation of Therapeutics: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academies Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-309-45565-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Kafetz, Kalman (July 2005). "Integrated teams". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 98 (7): 338. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 1168934. PMID 15994605.
  16. ^ Vallance, Patrick (May 2005). "A post-take ward round". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 98 (5): 191–192. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 1129032. PMID 15863758.
  17. ^ Varughese, George I; Dissanayake, Sanjaya U (August 2005). "The working day in general medicine". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 98 (8): 387. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 1181855. PMID 16055914.
  18. ^ Watts, Geoff (28 April 2007). "Working within industry's silken but firm embrace". British Medical Journal. 334 (7599): 871. doi:10.1136/bmj.39190.671644.DB. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1857744. PMID 17463447.
  19. ^ "Dr Patrick Vallance: President, R&D". gsk.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
  20. ^ Jim Al-Khalili (2015). "The Life Scientific interviews Patrick Vallance on pharmaceuticals". bbc.co.uk. BBC.
  21. ^ Cohen, Deborah (2012). "The End of Drug Discovery". bbc.co.uk. BBC.
  22. ^ Anon (2010). "Patrick Vallance". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 9 (11): 834–834. doi:10.1038/nrd3307. ISSN 1474-1776. Closed access icon
  23. ^ a b Cressey, Daniel (2011). "Deep future of drug discovery". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2011.127. ISSN 1744-7933.
  24. ^ Rose, Nikolas (2018). OurPsychiatric Future. John Wiley & Sons. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-7456-8915-9.
  25. ^ Cressey, Daniel (2011). "Traditional drug-discovery model ripe for reform". Nature. 471 (7336): 17–18. doi:10.1038/471017a. ISSN 0028-0836.
  26. ^ Evanson, Deborah; Narcross, Jon (4 May 2016). "Imperial celebrates over 3,000 graduating students | Imperial News | Imperial College London". Imperial News. Retrieved 21 March 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ^ Gibney, Elizabeth. "U.K. Government Appoints Next Chief Scientific Adviser". Scientific American. Retrieved 21 March 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ "Appointment of Dr Patrick Vallance as government Chief Scientific Adviser". Cabinet Office. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  29. ^ "Patrick Vallance, President, R&D, GSK to become UK Government's Chief Scientific Adviser". GlaxoSmithKline. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  30. ^ Glasziou, Paul; Chalmers, Iain (12 November 2018). "Research waste is still a scandal—an essay by Paul Glasziou and Iain Chalmers". British Medical Journal. 363. doi:10.1136/bmj.k4645. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 30420358.
  31. ^ "Government is listening to scientists on coronavirus response, Vallance says | Civil Service World". www.civilserviceworld.com. Retrieved 24 March 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  32. ^ Spronk, Peter E; Zandstra, Durk F; Ince, Can (2004). "Bench-to-bedside review: Sepsis is a disease of the microcirculation". CriticalCare. 8 (6): 462–468. doi:10.1186/cc2894. ISSN 1364-8535. PMC 1065042. PMID 15566617.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  33. ^ "Patrick Vallance knighted in 2019 New Year's Honours". British Pharmacological Society. 29 December 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2019.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Patrick Vallance.
Business positions
Preceded by
 Head of R&D at GSK
January 2012 – March 2018 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by Government Chief Scientific Adviser
2018–present 		Incumbent
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