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1. FC Köln

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1. FC Köln
File:FC Cologne logo.svg
Full name1. Fußball-Club Köln 01/07 e. V.
Nickname(s)Die Geißböcke (The Billy Goats)
Effzeh
Founded13 February 1948; 76 years ago (1948-02-13)
Ground
Capacity50,000
PresidentWerner Wolf
Head coachSteffen Baumgart
League2. Bundesliga
2023–24Bundesliga, 17th of 18 (relegated)
Websitehttp://www.fc-koeln.de
Current season

1. Fußball-Club Köln 01/07 e. V., commonly known as simply FC Köln (German pronunciation: [ɛf ˈt͡seː ˈkœln] ⓘ) or FC Cologne in English, is a German professional football club based in Cologne in North Rhine-Westphalia. It was formed in 1948 as a merger of the clubs Kölner Ballspiel-Club 1901 and SpVgg Sülz 07. Köln competes in the Bundesliga after promotion in 2018–19 following relegation to 2. Bundesliga the previous season. The team are two-time top-flight champions, winning the Bundesliga in 1964 and 1978. The team plays its home matches at RheinEnergieStadion.

The club's nickname Die Geißböcke (The Billy Goats) refers to the club's mascot, a male goat named Hennes after the veteran FC player and later manager Hennes Weisweiler. The first Hennes was donated by a circus entrepreneur as a Cologne carnival joke. The current mascot is Hennes IX as of 1 August 2019 after Hennes VIII was retired by the club due to old age.[1] Another nickname for the club, more common locally due to its ambiguity, is FC (often written as Effzeh), a common German abbreviation for football clubs. Characteristic for the dialect spoken around Cologne, this is pronounced "EF-tsay", in contrast to the Standard German pronunciation of the abbreviation where the second syllable is emphasized ([ʔɛf ˈtseː]). Köln play at home in white and red, both colours having been used as the main shirt colour throughout its history. The club has long-standing rivalries with nearby clubs Borussia Mönchengladbach, Fortuna Düsseldorf, and Bayer Leverkusen.

Like many of Germany's other professional football clubs, 1. FC Köln is part of a larger sports club with teams in other sports like handball, table tennis and gymnastics. 1. FC Köln has over 100,000 members, making it the fourth largest club in Germany.[2][3]

History

Predecessor sides

Historical logos of predecessor side Kölner BC

Kölner BC was formed on 6 June 1901 by a group of young men who were unhappy as part of the gymnastics club FC Borussia Köln and far more interested in football. BC was a competitive side in the Zehnerliga West in the years before World War I who took the Westdeutsche championship in 1912 and advanced to the preliminary rounds of the national finals. Their next best result was a losing appearance in the 1920 league final, where they lost 1–3 to Borussia Mönchengladbach.

Spielvereinigung 1907 Köln-Sülz was established in 1907 as Sülzer Sportverein and on 1 January 1919 merged with Fußball Club 1908 Hertha Sülz to form SpVgg. They won the Westdeutscher title in 1928 and they too went out in the early rounds of the national finals in their turn on that stage. They went on to play as a top flight club in the Gauliga Mittelrhein, one of sixteen premier level divisions established in 1933 in the re-organization of German football under the Third Reich. The side earned generally good results through the 1930s – including a divisional championship in 1939 – but then faltered in the early 1940s. After the 1941 season the Gauliga Mittlerhein was split into two new divisions: the Gauliga Köln-Aachen and the Gauliga Moselland, which included clubs from occupied Luxembourg. Sülz struggled until they were united with VfL Köln 1899 for the 1943–44 season to form the combined wartime side Kriegspielgemeinschaft VfL 99/Sülz 07 which promptly won the Gauliga Köln-Aachen title by a single point over SG Düren 99 in a close race. The club did not play the next campaign as war overtook the region.

A successful new club

Historical chart of 1. FC Köln league performance

After the union of these two predecessor sides (1948), 1. FC Köln began play in the tough Oberliga West in the 1949–50 season and by 1954 had won their first divisional championship. That same year they lost the DFB-Pokal final 1–0 to VfB Stuttgart. Die Geißböcke won their second divisional championship in 1960 and appeared in the national final against Hamburger SV, where they lost 2–3. They went on to finish first in the Oberliga West in each of the next three seasons and again played their way to the national final in 1962 and 1963. They won the 1962 match 4–0 over 1. FC Nürnberg resulting in entry to the 1962–63 European Cup where they were one of the favourites to win the trophy. In the first round Köln visited Dundee F.C. of Scotland and lost 1–8, and despite winning the second leg back in Germany by 4–0 they were out of the tournament. In the following year's national final they lost 1–3 to Borussia Dortmund.

Continuing success

Mascot Hennes VIII

In 1963, FC Köln was selected as one of the original 16 teams to play in the Bundesliga, Germany's new professional football league. Köln continued their winning ways by becoming the first ever Bundesliga champion in the league's inaugural 1963–64 season. As German champions, Köln entered the 1964–65 European Cup where it met England's Liverpool at the quarter-final stage. After two 0–0 draws, a third game was played which was also a stalemate, this time 2–2. As the penalty shootout had not yet been introduced as the means of deciding a tie, Köln went out of the competition on the toss of a coin. Ironically enough, there was the need for a second coin toss because the first time the coin stuck vertically in the ground. The club also became the first Bundesliga side to field a Brazilian player when it signed Zézé for a then club record fee of DM 150,000.[4] Domestically, Köln recorded a second-place finish in the 1964–65 Bundesliga season and won its first DFB-Pokal in 1967–68.

At the start of the 1970s, Köln reached three DFB-Pokal finals in four seasons, losing all three; to Kickers Offenbach in 1970, Bayern Munich in 1971 and Borussia Mönchengladbach in 1973. The team also achieved another second place Bundesliga finish in 1973 before reaching another DFB-Pokal final in 1977, beating Hertha BSC over two legs to win the trophy for the second time.

In 1977–78, FC Köln enjoyed its most successful season, winning the Bundesliga title, its third national title overall, and retaining the DFB-Pokal. This makes Köln one of only four clubs to have won the double in the Bundesliga era.

Köln had another losing DFB-Pokal final appearance in 1980, before winning the competition for a fourth time in 1983. In 1986, the club appeared in its first European final, losing 5–3 on aggregate to Real Madrid in the UEFA Cup Final. Two second place Bundesliga finishes, in 1988–89 and 1989–90, and another DFB-Pokal final loss in 1991, marked the end of a glorious thirty-year period for FC Köln.

21st century: ups and downs

In recent years, the club's performance has been mixed. The FC holds the dubious distinction of the worst goal drought in Bundesliga history: in 2002, the supporters had to wait 1034 excruciating minutes (equivalent to 11-and-a-half games) until Thomas Cichon found the back of the net again.[5] In the early years of the Bundesliga, 1. FC Köln was the most successful club in West Germany in terms of total points won. Beginning in the early 1990s, however, the club's performance fell, and in 1998 it was relegated for the first time. Since about 2000, the side has been a "yo-yo team", moving between the first and second divisions. It has returned to the Bundesliga at the end of the 2004–05 season as 2. Bundesliga champions after having been relegated the season before. There was little optimism about their return to the top flight as they were picked by German football magazine kicker as one of the clubs most likely to be relegated.

This prediction came true when Köln lost to Hamburger SV 1–0 in the third-to-last match of the season. The club finished the season in second-last place and was relegated after conceding a league-worst 71 goals. The team's most prolific goal scorer was Lukas Podolski with a total of 12 goals, who transferred to Bayern Munich after the end of the season. He also appeared with the Germany national team at the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

In late 2006, former coach Christoph Daum was convinced to once again take the helm of the 2. Bundesliga club and succeeded in leading the club back to the Bundesliga in 2008. After a successful Bundesliga campaign in 2008–09, Daum left Köln for his former club Fenerbahçe. Köln's former star-striker Lukas Podolski returned for the 2009–10 season.

After a poor run of form in the 2010–11 season, recording only one win from its opening nine Bundesliga fixtures, Köln replaced coach Zvonimir Soldo with Frank Schaefer. Schaefer, who was originally in charge of the under-23 team of Köln, decided after the season that he would rather spend more time with his family than be a coach in the Bundesliga. Former Norwegian international and recent Copenhagen coach Ståle Solbakken replaced him. After earning just eight points in the first 13 matches of the second half of the season, Schaefer and former Köln player Dirk Lottner replaced Solbakken.[6] The club, however, was relegated at the end of the season, finishing in 17th place, having accumulated €33m debt, and €11m negative equity.[7]

Turnaround (2012–2017)

In April 2012 the club members elected a new board of directors, Werner Spinner as president, Markus Ritterbach for marketing, and Toni Schumacher for sport. In the 2012–13 season, under new trainer Holger Stanislawski, Köln finished in fifth place in the 2. Bundesliga, missing out on promotion back to the top division.

In 2012 the board hired Jörg Jakobs as director of football who then got promoted in 2014 to sporting director, chief scout and director of the academy.[8][9] In January 2013 Alexander Wehrle joined as managing director of FC Köln ltd. Wehrle was working as assistant for VfB Stuttgart president Erwin Staudt, especially for rebuilding the stadium.[10] In summer 2013 Peter Stöger and Manfred Schmid were hired as coaching team, and Jörg Schmadtke as general manager. 2013–14 Köln finished first in the 2. Bundesliga and earned promotion to the top division. It was followed by a 12th place 2014–15, ninth in 2015–16, and fifth place in 2016–17. 25 years after the club's last appearance in international football to date they qualified for the Europa League. After restructuring and repaying debt, equity turned from €11m negative to €20m positive. The turnover increased from €56m in 2012/13 to more than €120m in 2016/17.[7][11][12]

Decline and changes (2018–)

After the club's return the European stage, fortunes quickly changed. The team experienced an unsuccessful start to the 2017–18 Bundesliga season gaining only three points from its first sixteen matches. At the same time, the club's Europa League campaign ended after the group stage.[13] This downtrend led to the resignation of Jörg Schmadtke[14] and Stöger's dismissal in December 2017; he was replaced by Stefan Ruthenbeck who was appointed as caretaker manager.[15] In spite of an improved record in the second half of the season, the team finished last and were relegated to 2. Bundesliga at the end of the year.

Ahead of the 2018–19 season, Markus Anfang was appointed manager with a mandate to achieve an immediate return to the top flight.[16] While the club occupied the league's top spot for much of the season, Anfang was let go after a winless streak in April 2019.[17] Just a week later, with André Pawlak at the helm, the team achieved promotion with a 0–4 victory over Greuther Fürth.[18] On 13 May 2019, the club announced that Jahn Regensburg manager Achim Beierlorzer would assume its vacant head coaching position from the upcoming season. He was signed to a contract until 2021.[19] Following an unsuccessful start to the 2019–20 season, which included a 3–2 cup defeat against 1. FC Saarbrücken, the club decided to terminate Beierlorzer's contract on 9 November 2019.[20] Sporting director Armin Veh, who weeks earlier had announced that he would not extend his contract with the club, was also dismissed from his position.[21] On 18 November, former HSV manager Markus Gisdol was appointed to the club's head coaching position, while Horst Heldt was made sporting director. Both signed contracts until 2021.[22] After avoiding relegation at the end of the season, Gisdol's contract was extended until 2023.[23]

The club found itself in a renewed relegation during the 2020–21 season. On 11 April 2021, after losing to relegation rival Mainz 05, Gisdol was dismissed from his position as head coach.[24] The next day, it was announced that Friedhelm Funkel would take over head coaching duties until the end of the season.[25] On 11 May, it was reported that SC Paderborn manager Steffen Baumgart would succeed Funkel as head coach at the beginning of the 2021–22 season.[26] Funkel's side faced Holstein Kiel in the relegation playoffs. After losing 0–1 at home, his team recorded a 1–5 away win, enabling the club to retain its position in the Bundesliga.[27]

Stadium

The team plays its home matches in the Müngersdorfer Stadion, also known as the RheinEnergie Stadion for sponsorship purposes. It has a seating capacity of 50,000 and the average attendance in the 2015–16 season was 48,676.[28] The stadium sponsorship comes from a contract with the local power supplier RheinEnergie AG. However, most fans still call the stadium "Müngersdorfer Stadion", named after the suburb of Müngersdorf, where it is located.

The club owns the Geißbockheim training centre, currently known as RheinEnergieSportpark for sponsorship, located in Sülz which is a municipal part of Köln in the southwest of the city. The centre is home to the Franz-Kremer-Stadion the home of 1. FC Köln II.

Honours

Domestic

Regional

Doubles

Reserve team

Youth

Statistics

Main article: List of 1. FC Köln records and statistics

Kits

Köln's kits are made by Hummel International, who pay the club €20m over a five-year span.[29]

Years Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
1979–82 Adidas Pioneer
1982–85 Doppel Dusch
1985–88 Puma Daimon
1988–91 Samsung
1991–93 Citibank
1993–94 Pepsi
1994–99 Ford
1999–01 VPV Versicherungen
2001–03 Saller
2003–05 Funny-Frisch
2005–07 Adidas Gerling
2007–08 REWE
2008–12 Reebok
2012–18 Erima
2018–22 Uhlsport
2022– Hummel

Rivals

The club's main rivals are Borussia Mönchengladbach, Bayer Leverkusen, and Fortuna Düsseldorf – all clubs from the same Rhine-Ruhr region, near the river Rhine.

Players

For recent transfers, see List of German football transfers summer 2022.

Current squad

As of 2 September 2022[30]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Germany GER Timo Horn
2 DF Germany GER Benno Schmitz
3 DF Denmark DEN Kristian Pedersen
4 DF Germany GER Timo Hübers
5 DF Croatia CRO Nikola Soldo
6 MF Germany GER Eric Martel
7 MF Austria AUT Dejan Ljubičić
8 MF Germany GER Denis Huseinbašić
9 FW Sweden SWE Sebastian Andersson
11 MF Austria AUT Florian Kainz
13 FW Germany GER Mark Uth
14 DF Germany GER Jonas Hector (captain)
15 DF Germany GER Luca Kilian
17 MF Germany GER Kingsley Schindler
18 MF Slovakia SVK Ondrej Duda
No. Pos. Nation Player
20 GK Germany GER Marvin Schwäbe
21 FW Germany GER Steffen Tigges
23 FW Armenia ARM Sargis Adamyan
24 DF Germany GER Julian Chabot (on loan from Sampdoria)
25 MF Germany GER Tim Lemperle
28 MF Tunisia TUN Ellyes Skhiri
29 FW Germany GER Jan Thielmann
33 FW Germany GER Florian Dietz
37 MF Germany GER Linton Maina
40 GK Germany GER Jonas Urbig
42 MF Greece GRE Dimitrios Limnios
44 GK Germany GER Matthias Köbbing
47 MF Luxembourg LUX Mathias Olesen
48 DF Germany GER Georg Strauch

Players out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF Germany GER Noah Katterbach (at Switzerland FC Basel until 31 December 2022)
— MF Germany GER Marvin Obuz (at Germany Holstein Kiel until 30 June 2023)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF Germany GER Jens Castrop (at Germany 1. FC Nürnberg until 30 June 2023)
— DF Germany GER Meiko Sponsel (at Germany Rot-Weiss Essen until 31 December 2022)

Second team squad

Main article: 1. FC Köln II

Coaching staff

As of 1 July 2021
Manager Germany Steffen Baumgart[31]
Assistant manager Germany Andre Pawlak
Assistant manager Germany René Wagner[32]
First-team coach Canada Kevin McKenna[33]
Goalkeeping coach Germany Uwe Gospodarek[34]
Fitness coach Germany Max Weuthen
Fitness coach Germany Leif Frach

Head coaches since 1963

Head coach[35] From[35] To[35] League Record[35]
M W D L Win %
Georg Knöpfle 1 July 1963 30 June 1966 115 59 34 22 051.30
Willi Multhaup 1 July 1966 30 June 1968 79 37 17 25 046.84
Hans Merkle 1 July 1968 30 June 1970 78 38 11 29 048.72
Ernst Ocwirk 1 July 1970 30 June 1971 44 19 11 14 043.18
Gyula Lóránt 1 July 1971 4 April 1972 31 14 10 7 045.16
Rolf Herings 5 April 1972 30 June 1972 11 6 3 2 054.55
Rudi Schlott 1 July 1972 16 September 1973 55 24 17 14 043.64
Zlatko Čajkovski 17 September 1973 12 December 1975 92 47 18 27 051.09
Georg Stollenwerk 1 January 1976 30 June 1976 20 9 6 5 045.00
Hennes Weisweiler 1 July 1976 15 April 1980 165 90 36 39 054.55
Karl-Heinz Heddergott 16 April 1980 13 October 1980 19 7 5 7 036.84
Rolf Herings 13 October 1980 18 October 1980 1 0 0 1 000.00
Rinus Michels 18 October 1980 21 August 1983 108 53 26 29 049.07
Hannes Löhr 22 August 1983 6 February 1986 97 45 18 34 046.39
Georg Kessler 7 February 1986 22 September 1986 24 7 4 13 029.17
Christoph Daum 23 September 1986 28 June 1990 154 78 43 33 050.65
Erich Rutemöller 1 July 1990 30 August 1991 54 21 20 13 038.89
Udo Lattek 30 August 1991 4 September 1991 1 0 1 0 000.00
Johannes Linßen 4 September 1991 11 September 1991 1 0 0 1 000.00
Jörg Berger 11 September 1991 28 February 1993 53 21 14 18 039.62
Wolfgang Jerat 28 February 1993 29 April 1993 9 3 1 5 033.33
Morten Olsen 29 April 1993 27 August 1995 89 35 23 31 039.33
Stephan Engels 27 August 1995 31 March 1996 23 4 11 8 017.39
Peter Neururer 1 April 1996 30 September 1997 60 25 8 27 041.67
Lorenz-Günther Köstner 1 October 1997 30 June 1998 26 8 5 13 030.77
Bernd Schuster 1 July 1998 30 June 1999 35 12 9 14 034.29
Ewald Lienen 1 July 1999 28 January 2002 94 38 24 32 040.43
Christoph John 28 January 2002 13 February 2002 4 1 0 3 025.00
Friedhelm Funkel 14 February 2002 30 October 2003 63 29 15 19 046.03
Marcel Koller 2 November 2003[36] 14 June 2004[37] 24 4 5 15 016.67
Huub Stevens 14 June 2004[37] 27 May 2005[38] 36 21 8 7 058.33
Uwe Rapolder 1 July 2005 18 December 2005 18 3 3 12 016.67
Hanspeter Latour 3 January 2006 10 November 2006 30 10 9 11 033.33
Holger Gehrke 10 November 2006 26 November 2006 3 1 1 1 033.33
Christoph Daum 26 November 2006 2 June 2009[39] 90 36 19 35 040.00
Zvonimir Soldo 1 July 2009 24 October 2010 48 14 13 21 029.17
Frank Schaefer 24 October 2010[40] 27 April 2011[41] 24 10 3 11 041.67
Volker Finke 27 April 2011 30 June 2011 3 3 0 0 100.00
Ståle Solbakken 1 July 2011 12 April 2012[42] 32 9 5 18 028.13
Frank Schaefer 12 April 2012[42] 30 June 2012 4 0 1 3 000.00
Holger Stanislawski 1 July 2012 19 May 2013[43] 37 16 12 9 043.24
Peter Stöger 11 June 2013[44] 3 December 2017 147 56 51 40 038.10
Stefan Ruthenbeck 3 December 2017 30 June 2018 22 5 4 13 022.73
Markus Anfang 1 July 2018 27 April 2019 31 18 8 5 058.06
Achim Beierlorzer 1 July 2019 9 November 2019 11 2 1 8 018.18
Markus Gisdol 18 November 2019 11 April 2021 51 13 13 25 025.49
Friedhelm Funkel 12 April 2021 30 June 2021 6 3 1 2 050.00
Steffen Baumgart 1 July 2021 43 17 15 11 039.53

Women's section

Main article: 1. FC Köln (women)

The women's team was promoted to the Bundesliga in 2015.[45] They were directly relegated back to the 2. Frauen-Bundesliga after the 2016–17 season ended, but managed to regain promotion in May 2017 to the Bundesliga.[46][47]

References

  1. ^ "Hennes-IX". fc.de. 26 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  2. ^ "Mitglieder-Boom dank Europa FC knackt bald die 100.000!" [Member's boom thanks to Europa League FC will soon break the 100,000!] (in German). express.de. 16 June 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  3. ^ "Record-Setting Members' Meeting". fc.de. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  4. ^ Schnee-Allergie beim Samba-Kicker (in German) Weltfussball.de, published: 27 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  5. ^ "Das ersehnte Tor war zuwenig" (in German). fussballdaten.de. 2 March 2002. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  6. ^ "Köln confirm Stale Solbakken as new coach for next season". goal.com. 14 May 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b 1. FC Köln Wehrle schafft das Finanz-Wunder: Hier die Mega-Zahlen – Quelle: http://www.express.de/26913860 2017, Express, 17 May 2017
  8. ^ Der Leiter Lizenzfußball bleibt und rückt auf: Zukünftig ist Jakobs als Sportdirektor mit mehr Kompetenzen ausgestattet, 23 June 2014.
  9. ^ 1. FC Köln: Sportdirektor Jörg Jakobs soll seinen Vertrag verlängern, 24 April 2017
  10. ^ Horstmann-Nachfolger Schwabe soll FC das Sparen lehren, 11 October 2012.
  11. ^ Mer stonn zo Dir, FC Kölle!, Stern, 19 November 2016.
  12. ^ Rekorde für den 1. FC Köln 150 Millionen Euro Umsatz in Reichweite, Kölner Stadtanzeiger, 22 July 2017
  13. ^ "Euphorie und Enttäuschung – Der Herzschalg der FC Saison". ksta.de. 12 May 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  14. ^ "FC und Schmadtke lösen Vertrag auf". fc.de. 23 October 2017.
  15. ^ "1.FC Köln: Peter Stöger entlassen". ksta.de. 3 December 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  16. ^ "Cologne appoint Holstein Kiel's Markus Anfang as new coach for next season". Bundesliga.de. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  17. ^ "Weshalb Trainer Anfang beim 1. FC Köln gehen musste". SZ.de. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  18. ^ "Cordoba bringt Kölns Aufstiegsfeier ins Rollen". kicker.de. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  19. ^ "Beierlorzer wird Trainer beim 1. FC Köln". kicker.de. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  20. ^ "Reißleine gezogen: Köln trennt sich von Beierlorzer". kicker.de. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
  21. ^ "Köln und Veh lösen Vertrag auf". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  22. ^ "Neues Führungsduo: 1. FC Köln setzt auf Gisdol und Heldt". kicker.de. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  23. ^ "1. FC Köln verlängert mit Trainer Gisdol – bis 2023". kicker.de. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  24. ^ "1. FC Köln trennt sich von Gisdol – Funkel übernimmt". kicker.de. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  25. ^ "Offiziell: Funkel soll den 1. FC Köln retten". kicker.de. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  26. ^ "Baumgart wird neuer Trainer beim 1. FC Köln". kicker.de (in German). Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  27. ^ "Andersson macht's früh klar: Köln hält die Klasse". kicker.de (in German). Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  28. ^ "Germany " Bundesliga 2015/2016 " Attendance " Home matches". worldfootball.net. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  29. ^ "1. FC Köln: Darum machte Hummel beim Trikot das Rennen". Express (in German). Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  30. ^ "1. FC Köln – Kader" [1. FC Köln – Squad] (in German). 1. FC Köln. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  31. ^ "1. FC Köln trennt sich von Gisdol – Funkel übernimmt". kicker.de (in German). Olympia Verlag. 11 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  32. ^ "Rene Wagner 1. FC. Köln". Bild.de. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  33. ^ "McKenna kehrt zum 1. FC Köln zurück". kicker.de (in German). Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  34. ^ "Torwarttrainer-Rochade: FC holt Gospodarek - Menger geht zur Hertha". kicker.de (in German). Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  35. ^ a b c d "1. FC Köln". kicker.de (in German). kicker. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  36. ^ "Funkel Nachfolger: 1.FC Köln verpflichtet Marcel Koller". Der Spiegel. 2 November 2003. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  37. ^ a b "Stevens beerbt Koller". kicker (in German). 14 June 2004. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  38. ^ "Stevens trainiert Kerkrade". kicker (in German). 27 May 2005. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  39. ^ "Daum zu Fenerbahce – der FC ist auf Trainersuche!" [Daum to Fenerbahce – the FC is looking for a new coach!] (in German). kicker.de. 2 June 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  40. ^ "FC entlässt Soldo – Schaefer auf der Bank gegen Löwen". Kicker. 24 October 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  41. ^ "Schaefer tritt zurück, Finke übernimmt". Kicker (in German). 27 April 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  42. ^ a b "Köln entlässt Solbakken – Schaefer hilft aus" (in German). kicker. 12 April 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  43. ^ "Köln bestätigt: Stanislawski wirft das Handtuch". kicker (in German). 18 May 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  44. ^ "Neuer FC-Trainer: Stöger ist raus aus der Warteschleife". kicker (in German). 12 June 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  45. ^ "AUFSTIEG IN DIE BUNDESLIGA" (in German). Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  46. ^ "EIN NIE GEFÄHRDETER ABSTIEG: FC-FRAUEN MÜSSEN RUNTER". geissblog.koeln (in German). Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  47. ^ "1. FC Köln zurück in der Frauen-Bundesliga". Die Zeit (in German). Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.

Literature

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