1912 United States House of Representatives elections
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All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results: Democratic hold Democratic gain Republican hold Republican gain Progressive gain Independent gain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1912 United States House of Representatives elections were held, coinciding with the election of President Woodrow Wilson.
Wilson's victory was partly due to the division of the opposition Republican Party into conservative and progressive factions. While many progressives stayed within the party framework, they maintained lukewarm relationships with Republican leadership. Others formed a third party known as the Progressives and several switched allegiance to the Democrats. A message of unity was portrayed by the Democrats, allowing this group to present themselves as above the bickering and corruption that had become associated with the Republican internal feud. Many of the new seats that were added after the prior census ended up in Democratic hands. In addition, William Kent, who had been elected to the House as a Republican in 1908, was elected to California's 1st congressional district as an Independent.
The number of representatives was increased for this election to 435, where it currently stands (aside from 1959 when Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states).
Election summaries
In reapportionment following the 1910 census,[citation needed] 41 new seats were added, bringing the House to its modern size. This would be the last time the size of the House changed, except for a temporary addition of two seats in 1959 after the admission of Alaska and Hawaii and subsequent return to 435 in 1963. In the reapportionment, 1 state lost 1 seat, 22 states had no change in apportionment, 16 states gained 1 seat each, 5 states gained 2 seats each, 2 states gained 3 seats, 1 state gained 4 seats, and 1 state gained 6 seats. Twelve states used at-large seats in addition to districts to elect new seats.
291 | 10 | 134 |
Democratic | [f] | Republican |
Political party | Leader | MOCs | Votes | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contested | Total | Gained | Lost | Net | Of total (%) | Total | Of total (%) | Change (%) | ||||||
Democratic | Champ Clark | 431 | 291 | 71 | 10 | 61 | 66.90% | 8,210,137 | 43.29% | - | ||||
Republican | James Mann | 370 | 134 | 17 | 46 | 29 | 30.80% | 7,377,514 | 38.90% | - | ||||
Progressive | 208 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 1.84% | 1,761,545 | 9.29% | - | |||||
Socialist | 335 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0% | 1,505,576 | 7.94% | - | |||||
Prohibition | 209 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 279,036 | 1.47% | - | ||||||
Washington | 13 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0.46% | 130,073 | 0.69% | - | |||||
Keystone | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 85,278 | 0.45% | - | ||||||
Progressive Republican | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 23,078 | 0.12% | - | ||||||
Independent | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 12,670 | 0.07% | - | ||||||
Bull Moose | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 10,460 | 0.06% | - | ||||||
Socialist Labor | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 8,499 | 0.04% | - | ||||||
Independence | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 7,470 | 0.04% | - | ||||||
Roosevelt Progressive | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 5,891 | 0.03% | - | ||||||
National Progressive | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 5,714 | 0.03% | - | ||||||
Taft for President | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 2,269 | 0.01% | - | ||||||
Industrialist | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 1,075 | 0.01% | - | ||||||
Jefferson | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 73 | 0.00% | - | ||||||
Workingmen's | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 15 | 0.00% | - | ||||||
Total | 435 | 18,967,165 |
State | Type | Total seats (After reapportionment) |
Democratic | Republican | Progressive | Independent | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
Alabama | District +at-large[g] |
10 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Arizona | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Arkansas | District | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
California | District | 11 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Colorado | District +2 at-large[g] |
4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Connecticut | District | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |||
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Florida | District +at-large[g] |
4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Georgia | District | 12 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Idaho | At-large | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Illinois | District +2 at-large[g] |
27 | 2 | 20 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
Indiana | District | 13 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Iowa | District | 11 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
Kansas | District | 8 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |||
Kentucky | District | 11 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Louisiana | District | 8 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Maine[h] | District | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Maryland | District | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Massachusetts | District | 16 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Michigan | District +at-large[g] |
13 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Minnesota | District +at-large[g] |
10 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Mississippi | District | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Missouri | District | 16 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
Montana | At-large | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Nebraska | District | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||
New Hampshire | District | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
New Jersey | District | 12 | 2 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
New Mexico | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
New York | District | 43 | 6 | 31 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
North Carolina | District | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
North Dakota | District | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Ohio | District +at-large[g] |
22 | 1 | 19 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Oklahoma | District +3 at-large[g] |
8 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
Oregon | District | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Pennsylvania | District +4 at-large[g] |
36 | 4 | 12 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
Rhode Island | District | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
South Carolina | District | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
South Dakota | District | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Tennessee | District | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Texas | District +2 at-large[g] |
18 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Utah | At-large | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Vermont[h] | District | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Virginia | District | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Washington | District +2 at-large[g] |
5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |||
West Virginia | District +at-large[g] |
6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
Wisconsin | District | 11 | 3 | 1 | 8 | [i] | 0 | 0 | |||
Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Total | 435 | 41 | 291 66.9% |
61 | 134 30.8% |
29 | 9 2.1% |
9 | 1 0.2% |
1 |
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Early election dates
Two states, with 6 seats between them, held elections early in 1912:
This was the last year that Vermont held early elections.
Special elections
There were four special elections in 1912 to the 57th United States Congress.
Special elections are sorted by date then district.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas 7 | Edmond H. Madison | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent died September 18, 1911. New member elected January 9, 1912. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 1 | Henry H. Bingham | Republican | 1878 | Incumbent died March 22, 1912. New member elected May 24, 1912. Republican hold. |
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Iowa 11 | Elbert H. Hubbard | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent died June 4, 1912. New member elected November 5, 1912. Republican hold. |
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New York 26 | George R. Malby | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent died July 5, 1912. New member elected November 5, 1912. Republican hold. |
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Alabama
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 | George W. Taylor | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 2 | S. Hubert Dent Jr. | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 3 | Henry De Lamar Clayton Jr. | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 4 | Fred L. Blackmon | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 5 | James Thomas Heflin | Democratic | 1904 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 6 | Richmond P. Hobson | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 7 | John L. Burnett | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 8 | William N. Richardson | Democratic | 1900 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 9 | Oscar Underwood | Democratic | 1894 (contested) 1896 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama at-large | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Arizona
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arizona at-large | Carl Hayden | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Arkansas
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | |||||
Arkansas 2 | |||||
Arkansas 3 | |||||
Arkansas 4 | |||||
Arkansas 5 | |||||
Arkansas 6 | |||||
Arkansas 7 |
California
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | William Kent Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected as an Independent. Independent gain. |
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California 2 | John E. Raker Redistricted from the 1st district |
Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 3 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 5 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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California 6 | Joseph R. Knowland Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 7 | James C. Needham Redistricted from the 6th district |
Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 8 | Everis A. Hayes Redistricted from the 5th district |
Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 9 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Progressive gain. |
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California 10 | William Stephens Redistricted from the 7th district |
Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected to different party. Progressive gain. |
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California 11 | Sylvester C. Smith Redistricted from the 8th district |
Republican | 1904 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. Incumbent died before the Congress ended. |
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Colorado
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Colorado 1 | Atterson W. Rucker | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Colorado 2 | John Andrew Martin | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Colorado 3 | |||||
Colorado 4 |
Connecticut
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Connecticut 1 | |||||
Connecticut 2 | |||||
Connecticut 3 | |||||
Connecticut 4 | |||||
Connecticut 5 |
Delaware
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large | William H. Heald | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Florida
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 2 | Frank Clark | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 3 | Dannite H. Mays | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Florida at-large | None (District created) | New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Georgia
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia 1 | |||||
Georgia 2 | |||||
Georgia 3 | |||||
Georgia 4 | |||||
Georgia 5 | |||||
Georgia 6 | |||||
Georgia 7 | |||||
Georgia 8 | |||||
Georgia 9 | |||||
Georgia 10 | |||||
Georgia 11 | |||||
Georgia 12 |
Idaho
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Idaho at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Burton L. French | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New seat | New member elected. Republican gain. |
Illinois
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 1 | |||||
Illinois 2 | |||||
Illinois 3 | |||||
Illinois 4 | |||||
Illinois 5 | |||||
Illinois 6 | |||||
Illinois 7 | |||||
Illinois 8 | |||||
Illinois 9 | |||||
Illinois 10 | |||||
Illinois 11 | |||||
Illinois 12 | |||||
Illinois 13 | |||||
Illinois 14 | |||||
Illinois 15 | |||||
Illinois 16 | |||||
Illinois 17 | |||||
Illinois 18 | |||||
Illinois 19 | |||||
Illinois 20 | |||||
Illinois 21 | |||||
Illinois 22 | |||||
Illinois 23 | |||||
Illinois 24 | |||||
Illinois 25 | |||||
Illinois At-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
New seat | New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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New seat | New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Indiana
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Indiana 1 | |||||
Indiana 2 | |||||
Indiana 3 | |||||
Indiana 4 | |||||
Indiana 5 | |||||
Indiana 6 | |||||
Indiana 7 | |||||
Indiana 8 | |||||
Indiana 9 | |||||
Indiana 10 | |||||
Indiana 11 | |||||
Indiana 12 | |||||
Indiana 13 |
Iowa
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Iowa 1 | |||||
Iowa 2 | |||||
Iowa 3 | |||||
Iowa 4 | |||||
Iowa 5 | |||||
Iowa 6 | |||||
Iowa 7 | |||||
Iowa 8 | |||||
Iowa 9 | |||||
Iowa 10 | |||||
Iowa 11 |
Kansas
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas 1 | Daniel R. Anthony Jr. | Republican | 1907 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 2 | Joseph Taggart | Democratic | 1911 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 3 | Philip P. Campbell | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 4 | Fred S. Jackson | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Kansas 5 | Rollin R. Rees | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Kansas 6 | Isaac D. Young | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Kansas 7 | George A. Neeley | Democratic | 1912 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 8 | Victor Murdock | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | Alben W. Barkley | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. New member elected. Democratic Hold |
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Kentucky 2 | Augustus O. Stanley | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Kentucky 3 | Robert Y. Thomas Jr. | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Kentucky 4 | Ben Johnson | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Kentucky 5 | J. Swagar Sherley | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Kentucky 6 | Arthur B. Rouse | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Kentucky 7 | J. Campbell Cantrill | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Kentucky 8 | Harvey Helm | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Kentucky 9 | William J. Fields | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Kentucky 10 | John W. Langley | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Kentucky 11 | Caleb Powers | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Louisiana
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | |||||
Louisiana 2 | |||||
Louisiana 3 | |||||
Louisiana 4 | |||||
Louisiana 5 | |||||
Louisiana 6 | |||||
Louisiana 7 | |||||
Louisiana 8 |
Maine
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | |||||
Maine 2 | |||||
Maine 3 | |||||
Maine 4 |
Maryland
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | James Harry Covington | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 2 | J. Frederick C. Talbott | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 3 | George Konig | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 4 | John Charles Linthicum | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 5 | Thomas Parran | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Maryland 6 | David John Lewis | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | George P. Lawrence | Republican | 1897 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 3 | William Wilder | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 4 | John A. Thayer | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 5 | Butler Ames | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 6 | Augustus Peabody Gardner | Republican | 1902 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 7 | New district | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Massachusetts 9 | Ernest W. Roberts | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 10 | William Francis Murray | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 11 | Andrew James Peters | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 12 | James Michael Curley | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 13 | John W. Weeks | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 14 | Robert O. Harris | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Massachusetts 15 | William S. Greene | Republican | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 16 | New district. | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Michigan
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | Frank E. Doremus | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 2 | William Wedemeyer | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Michigan 3 | John M. C. Smith | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 4 | Edward L. Hamilton | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 5 | Edwin F. Sweet | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Michigan 6 | Samuel W. Smith | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 7 | Henry McMorran | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Michigan 8 | Joseph W. Fordney | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 9 | James C. McLaughlin | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 10 | George A. Loud | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Progressive gain. |
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Michigan 11 | Francis H. Dodds | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Michigan 12 | H. Olin Young | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Progressive gain. |
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Minnesota
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota 1 | |||||
Minnesota 2 | |||||
Minnesota 3 | |||||
Minnesota 4 | |||||
Minnesota 5 | |||||
Minnesota 6 | |||||
Minnesota 7 | |||||
Minnesota 8 | |||||
Minnesota 9 | |||||
Minnesota 10 |
Mississippi
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 2 | Hubert D. Stephens | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 3 | Benjamin G. Humphreys II | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 4 | Thomas U. Sisson | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 5 | Samuel A. Witherspoon | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 6 | Pat Harrison | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 7 | William A. Dickson | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 8 | James Collier | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Missouri
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 1 | |||||
Missouri 2 | |||||
Missouri 3 | |||||
Missouri 4 | |||||
Missouri 5 | |||||
Missouri 6 | |||||
Missouri 7 | |||||
Missouri 8 | |||||
Missouri 9 | |||||
Missouri 10 | |||||
Missouri 11 | |||||
Missouri 12 | |||||
Missouri 13 | |||||
Missouri 14 | |||||
Missouri 15 | |||||
Missouri 16 |
Montana
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Montana at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Charles N. Pray | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New seat | New member elected. Democratic gain. |
Nebraska
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska 1 | John A. Maguire | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska 2 | Charles O. Lobeck | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska 3 | Dan V. Stephens | Democratic | 1911 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska 4 | Charles H. Sloan | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska 5 | George W. Norris | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Nebraska 6 | Moses Kinkaid | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nevada
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nevada at-large |
New Hampshire
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Hampshire 1 | Cyrus A. Sulloway | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New Hampshire 2 | Frank D. Currier | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New Jersey
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Jersey 1 | William J. Browning | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
New Jersey 2 | John J. Gardner | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New Jersey 3 | Thomas J. Scully | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
New Jersey 4 | Ira W. Wood | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New Jersey 5 | William E. Tuttle Jr. | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
New Jersey 6 | Vacant | Incumbent William Hughes (Democratic) resigned after appointment as judge of Court of Common Pleas of Passaic County. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|||
New Jersey 7 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|||
New Jersey 8 | Eugene F. Kinkead Redistricted from the 9th district |
Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
New Jersey 9 | Walter I. McCoy Redistricted from the 8th district |
Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
New Jersey 10 | Edward W. Townsend Redistricted from the 7th district |
Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
New Jersey 11 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|||
New Jersey 12 | James A. Hamill Redistricted from the 10th district |
Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
New Mexico
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Mexico at-large | Harvey B. Fergusson | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
George Curry | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent retired. Seat eliminated in reapportionment. Republican loss. |
New York
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | |||||
New York 2 | |||||
New York 3 | |||||
New York 4 | |||||
New York 5 | |||||
New York 6 | |||||
New York 7 | |||||
New York 8 | |||||
New York 9 | |||||
New York 10 | |||||
New York 11 | |||||
New York 12 | |||||
New York 13 | |||||
New York 14 | |||||
New York 15 | |||||
New York 16 | |||||
New York 17 | |||||
New York 18 | |||||
New York 19 | |||||
New York 20 | |||||
New York 21 | |||||
New York 22 | |||||
New York 23 | |||||
New York 24 | |||||
New York 25 | |||||
New York 26 | |||||
New York 27 | |||||
New York 28 | |||||
New York 29 | |||||
New York 30 | |||||
New York 31 | |||||
New York 32 | |||||
New York 33 | |||||
New York 34 | |||||
New York 35 | |||||
New York 36 | |||||
New York 37 | |||||
New York 38 | |||||
New York 39 | |||||
New York 40 | |||||
New York 41 | |||||
New York 42 | |||||
New York 43 |
North Carolina
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Carolina 1 | |||||
North Carolina 2 | |||||
North Carolina 3 | |||||
North Carolina 4 | |||||
North Carolina 5 | |||||
North Carolina 6 | |||||
North Carolina 7 | |||||
North Carolina 8 | |||||
North Carolina 9 | |||||
North Carolina 10 |
North Dakota
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Dakota 1 | Henry T. Helgesen Redistricted from the at-large district. |
Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Dakota 2 | None (new district) | New member elected. Republican gain. |
| ||
North Dakota 3 | New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Ohio
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Ohio 1 | |||||
Ohio 2 | |||||
Ohio 3 | |||||
Ohio 4 | |||||
Ohio 5 | |||||
Ohio 6 | |||||
Ohio 7 | |||||
Ohio 8 | |||||
Ohio 9 | |||||
Ohio 10 | |||||
Ohio 11 | |||||
Ohio 12 | |||||
Ohio 13 | |||||
Ohio 14 | |||||
Ohio 15 | |||||
Ohio 16 | |||||
Ohio 17 | |||||
Ohio 18 | |||||
Ohio 19 | |||||
Ohio 20 | |||||
Ohio 21 | |||||
Ohio 22 |
Oklahoma
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oklahoma 1 | Bird S. McGuire | Republican | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oklahoma 2 | Dick T. Morgan | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oklahoma 3 | James S. Davenport | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oklahoma 4 | Charles D. Carter | Democratic | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oklahoma 5 | Scott Ferris | Democratic | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oklahoma at-large 3 seats on a general ticket |
None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
| ||
None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. | ||||
None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
Oregon
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon 1 | Willis C. Hawley | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon 2 | None Incumbent redistricted |
Incumbent redistricted to the 3rd district. New member elected. Republican hold. |
| ||
Oregon 3 | Walter Lafferty | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent redistricted from the 2nd district. Incumbent re-elected. Republican gain. |
|
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Rhode Island 1 | |||||
Rhode Island 2 | |||||
Rhode Island 3 |
South Carolina
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | George Swinton Legaré | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 2 | James F. Byrnes | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 3 | Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 6 | J. Edwin Ellerbe | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
South Carolina 7 | J. William Stokes | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent died July 6, 1901. New member elected. Democratic hold. Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term. |
|
South Dakota
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Dakota 1 | None (new district) | New member elected. Republican gain. |
| ||
South Dakota 2 | Charles H. Burke Redistricted from the at-large district |
Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Dakota 3 | Eben Martin Redistricted from the at-large district |
Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Sam R. Sells | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 2 | Richard W. Austin | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 4 | Cordell Hull | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 5 | William C. Houston | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 6 | Jo Byrns | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Tennessee 7 | Lemuel P. Padgett | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 9 | Finis J. Garrett | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 10 | Kenneth McKellar | Democratic | 1911 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Texas 1 | |||||
Texas 2 | |||||
Texas 3 | |||||
Texas 4 | |||||
Texas 5 | |||||
Texas 6 | |||||
Texas 7 | |||||
Texas 8 | |||||
Texas 9 | |||||
Texas 10 | |||||
Texas 11 | |||||
Texas 12 | |||||
Texas 13 | |||||
Texas 14 | |||||
Texas 15 | |||||
Texas 16 | |||||
Texas 17 | |||||
Texas 18 |
Utah
The Utah election consisted of an all-party general ticket election to the two at-large seats. Howell was elected to the first at-large seat, while Johnson was elected to the second at-large seat, but they were nevertheless placed in districts.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Utah 1 New district |
Joseph Howell Redistricted from the at-large seat |
Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Utah 2 New district |
New seat | New member elected. Republican gain. |
Vermont
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Vermont 1 | |||||
Vermont 2 |
Virginia
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 1 | William Atkinson Jones | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 2 | Edward Everett Holland | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 3 | John Lamb | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Virginia 4 | Robert Turnbull | Democratic | 1910 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Virginia 5 | Edward W. Saunders | Democratic | 1906 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 6 | Carter Glass | Democratic | 1902 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 7 | James Hay | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 8 | Charles Creighton Carlin | Democratic | 1907 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 9 | C. Bascom Slemp | Republican | 1907 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 10 | Henry D. Flood | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Washington 1 | William E. Humphrey | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington 2 | Stanton Warburton | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Washington 3 | William La Follette | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
New seat | New seat. New member elected. Progressive gain. |
| ||
New seat | New seat. New member elected. Progressive gain. |
West Virginia
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | John W. Davis | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 2 | William Gay Brown Jr. | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 3 | Adam Brown Littlepage | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
West Virginia 4 | John M. Hamilton | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
West Virginia 5 | James A. Hughes | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia at-large | New seat | New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Wisconsin
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | |||||
Wisconsin 2 | |||||
Wisconsin 3 | |||||
Wisconsin 4 | William J. Cary | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 5 | Victor L. Berger | Socialist | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Wisconsin 6 | |||||
Wisconsin 7 | |||||
Wisconsin 8 | |||||
Wisconsin 9 | |||||
Wisconsin 10 | |||||
Wisconsin 11 |
Wyoming
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wyoming at-large | Frank Wheeler Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Non-voting delegates
Alaska Territory
Alaska Territory elected its non-voting delegate on August 13, 1912.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alaska Territory at-large | James Wickersham | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected to a different party. Progressive gain. |
|
Hawaii Territory
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Hawaii Territory at-large | Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
See also
Notes
- ^ Maine and Vermont held elections early in September 1912.
- ^ While William Kent would serve as an Independent once sworn into Congress, he had been elected on the Progressive Ballot Line.
- ^ This includes two Congressmen elected on the Washington Ballot Line in Pennsylvania.
- ^ This includes votes for those who ran primarily on the Washington Party Ballot Line.
- ^ Included one Progressive Republican (Theron Akin) and one Independent Democrat (Samuel Tribble)
- ^ There were 9 Progressives and 1 Independent
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Additional seat or seats elected at-large due to state not redistricting.
- ^ a b Elections held early.
- ^ Previous election had 1 Socialist.
References
- ^ a b c d "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ^ a b c d Martis, pp. 166–167.
- ^ "KS District 7 - Special Election Race - Jan 09, 1912". Our Campaigns. May 4, 2008.
- ^ "PA - District 01 - Special Election Race - May 24, 1912". Our Campaigns. October 5, 2008.
- ^ "NY District 26 - Special Election Race - Nov 05, 1912". Our Campaigns. April 26, 2011.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CO District 1 Race - Nov 05, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CO District 2 Race - Nov 05, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 01". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 02". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 03". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 04". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 05". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 06". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 07". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 08". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 09". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 10". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 11". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 12". Our Campaigns. April 8, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- ^ "MT At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 5, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 5, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 5, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 5, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 5, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 5, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
- ^ "NH District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
- ^ "NH District 2". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
- ^ "ND District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
- ^ "ND District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
- ^ "ND District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
- ^ "OK District 01 Race - Nov 05, 1912". Our Campaigns. April 25, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OK District 02 Race - Nov 05, 1912". Our Campaigns. April 25, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OK District 03 Race - Nov 05, 1912". Our Campaigns. April 25, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OK District 04 Race - Nov 05, 1912". Our Campaigns. April 28, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OK District 05 Race - Nov 05, 1912". Our Campaigns. April 28, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OK At-Large Race - Nov 05, 1912". Our Campaigns. October 2, 2004. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OR - District 01 Race - Nov 05, 1912". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
- ^ "OR - District 02 Race - Nov 05, 1912". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
- ^ "OR - District 03 Race - Nov 05, 1912". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
- ^ "SD District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- ^ "SD District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- ^ "SD District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - UT At-Large Race - Nov 05, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - WA At-Large Race - Nov 05, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- ^ "WV At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ "The Ketchikan miner. [volume], November 01, 1912, Image 3 - Aug 13, 1912".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - HI Delegate At-Large Race - Nov 05, 1912".
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)