1964 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
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| Elections in Pennsylvania |
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The 1964 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 3, 1964, and was part of the 1964 United States presidential election. Voters chose 29 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Pennsylvania overwhelmingly voted for the Democratic nominee, President Lyndon B. Johnson, over the Republican nominee, Senator Barry Goldwater. Johnson won Pennsylvania by a margin of 30.22%. Apart from William Howard Taft in 1912 when third-party candidates obtained substantial minorities of the vote, Goldwater's 34.7% of the vote is easily the worst showing for a Republican in the state since the party was founded.[1] Even relative to Johnson's popular vote landslide, Pennsylvania came out as 7.64% more Democratic than the nation at-large; the only occasion under the current 2-party system that the state has been more anomalously Democratic than this was in Ronald Reagan's 1984 Republican landslide when Pennsylvania came out about 10% more Democratic than the US at-large.[1] Despite this, this is the only time since Alaska's admission to the union in 1959 that Alaska voted to the left of Pennsylvania.
Johnson won all but four counties: the central Pennsylvania counties of Snyder and Union, which have not voted Democratic since the Civil War,[2] northeastern border Wayne County, which has never voted Democratic since Grover Cleveland won it in 1892, and Lebanon County, which has only once voted Democratic since 1856 when Franklin Roosevelt won by 587 votes in 1936.[3] This was the first time since 1932 that Clarion County and Sullivan County voted Democratic, the first time since 1916 that Crawford County and Venango County voted Democratic, the first time since 1912 that Chester County, Montgomery County, Susquehanna County, Wyoming County voted Democratic, the first time since 1880 that Bedford County voted Democratic, the first time since 1876 that Jefferson County voted Democratic, the first time since 1856 that Delaware County, Huntingdon County, Lancaster County, and Somerset County voted Democratic, the first time since 1852 that Bradford County, McKean County, Potter County, Tioga County, and Warren County voted Democratic, the first time since 1832 that Butler County and Indiana County, the first time ever that Forest County voted Democratic, and the only time that Cameron County has voted Democratic since the county was created in 1860. This is the only occasion since 1856 when Lancaster County has not voted for the Republican presidential candidate, and was the first time since that election when suburban Delaware County had not voted Republican.[4] 7 other counties – Somerset, Butler and the northern bloc of Bradford, Tioga, Potter, Cameron and McKean – also cast their solitary vote for a Democratic presidential candidate since at least the Civil War, however these counties all voted for Progressive Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 rather than official Republican nominee William Howard Taft. In addition to these counties, a large bloc of Appalachia and adjacent areas – comprising York County, Cumberland County, Franklin County, Adams County, Blair County, Lycoming County, Northumberland County, Bedford County, Clarion County, Crawford County, Fulton County, Huntingdon County, Pike County, Venango County, Mifflin County, Perry County, Jefferson County, Susquehanna County, Wyoming County, Juniata County, Montour County, and Sullivan County – have never voted for a Democratic candidate since.[2] This is also the last time that Forest County, Warren County, and Clearfield County gave a majority to a Democrat.
This was also the last occasion until Barack Obama in 2008 that the Democrats won Dauphin County, Berks County, Monroe County and Chester County. Within the more typically Democratic western and eastern peripheries Johnson won over 73% of the vote in Greene and Fayette Counties. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is also the last time that any county in Pennsylvania voted to the left of Philadelphia and the most recent time that Philadelphia was not the most Democratic county in the state.
Background
Ever since the Republican Party formed in 1854 to stop the spread of slavery into the territories, Pennsylvania had been a solidly Republican state apart from the industrial "Black Country" of the southwest, the urban core of Philadelphia County, and those areas which had not supported the Civil War, such as the northern part of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country and the northeastern Delaware Valley. The southwestern region, however, had come to make the state Democratic-leaning in the 1950s, although relative to national trends Pennsylvania trended Republican in 1960.
However, during the 1960s the GOP was turning its attention from the declining rural Yankee counties to the growing and traditionally Democratic Catholic vote,[5] along with the conservative Sun Belt whose growth was driven by lower taxes, warm weather, and air conditioning. This growth meant that activist Republicans centred in the traditionally Democratic, but by the 1960s, middle-class Sun Belt had become much more conservative than the majority of members in the historic Northeastern GOP stronghold.[6]
The consequence of this was that a bitterly divided Republican Party was able to nominate the staunchly conservative Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona, who ran with the equally conservative Republican National Committee chair, Congressman William E. Miller of New York. The staunch conservative Goldwater was widely seen in the liberal Northeastern United States as a right-wing extremist;[7] he had voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Johnson campaign portrayed him as a warmonger who as president would provoke a nuclear war.[8]
Goldwater wrote Pennsylvania off from the very beginning of his campaign,[9] whilst local Republicans generally preferred moderate Governor William Scranton, who was encouraged to run (to no effect) by ex-President and former Gettysburg native Dwight D. Eisenhower.[10] Many Pennsylvania Congressmen, notably James G. Fulton, refused to endorse Goldwater.[11]
Results
| 1964 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania[12] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
| Democratic | Lyndon B. Johnson (incumbent) | 3,130,954 | 64.92% | 29 | |
| Republican | Barry Goldwater | 1,673,657 | 34.70% | 0 | |
| Militant Workers | Clifton DeBerry | 10,456 | 0.22% | 0 | |
| Socialist Labor | Eric Hass | 5,092 | 0.11% | 0 | |
| Write-ins | Write-ins | 2,531 | 0.05% | 0 | |
| Totals | 4,822,690 | 100.00% | 29 | ||
| Voter Turnout (Voting age/Registered) | 68%/84% | ||||
Results by county
| County | Lyndon Baines Johnson Democratic |
Barry Morris Goldwater Republican |
Various candidates Other parties |
Margin | Total votes cast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adams | 11,148 | 56.13% | 8,617 | 43.39% | 95 | 0.48% | 2,531 | 12.74% | 19,860 |
| Allegheny | 475,207 | 66.03% | 241,707 | 33.58% | 2,811 | 0.39% | 233,500 | 32.44% | 719,725 |
| Armstrong | 21,098 | 66.37% | 10,618 | 33.40% | 74 | 0.23% | 10,480 | 32.97% | 31,790 |
| Beaver | 60,492 | 72.02% | 23,174 | 27.59% | 327 | 0.39% | 37,318 | 44.43% | 83,993 |
| Bedford | 9,165 | 53.45% | 7,968 | 46.47% | 14 | 0.08% | 1,197 | 6.98% | 17,147 |
| Berks | 73,444 | 66.38% | 36,726 | 33.19% | 476 | 0.43% | 36,718 | 33.19% | 110,646 |
| Blair | 26,157 | 51.76% | 24,301 | 48.09% | 73 | 0.14% | 1,856 | 3.67% | 50,531 |
| Bradford | 10,714 | 50.63% | 10,434 | 49.31% | 14 | 0.07% | 280 | 1.32% | 21,162 |
| Bucks | 78,287 | 60.60% | 50,243 | 38.89% | 646 | 0.50% | 28,044 | 21.71% | 129,176 |
| Butler | 27,267 | 60.97% | 17,360 | 38.82% | 95 | 0.21% | 9,907 | 22.15% | 44,722 |
| Cambria | 55,183 | 67.63% | 26,281 | 32.21% | 134 | 0.16% | 28,902 | 35.42% | 81,598 |
| Cameron | 1,904 | 57.96% | 1,376 | 41.89% | 5 | 0.15% | 528 | 16.07% | 3,285 |
| Carbon | 15,416 | 67.49% | 7,309 | 32.00% | 116 | 0.51% | 8,107 | 35.49% | 22,841 |
| Centre | 16,556 | 63.20% | 9,481 | 36.19% | 158 | 0.60% | 7,075 | 27.01% | 26,195 |
| Chester | 47,940 | 54.10% | 40,280 | 45.46% | 390 | 0.44% | 7,660 | 8.64% | 88,610 |
| Clarion | 9,235 | 60.01% | 6,143 | 39.92% | 11 | 0.07% | 3,092 | 20.09% | 15,389 |
| Clearfield | 19,211 | 62.67% | 11,338 | 36.99% | 103 | 0.34% | 7,873 | 25.69% | 30,652 |
| Clinton | 10,038 | 69.84% | 4,298 | 29.91% | 36 | 0.25% | 5,740 | 39.94% | 14,372 |
| Columbia | 13,885 | 60.63% | 8,982 | 39.22% | 36 | 0.16% | 4,903 | 21.41% | 22,903 |
| Crawford | 18,212 | 62.82% | 10,664 | 36.78% | 115 | 0.40% | 7,548 | 26.04% | 28,991 |
| Cumberland | 26,633 | 52.71% | 23,685 | 46.88% | 207 | 0.41% | 2,948 | 5.83% | 50,525 |
| Dauphin | 46,119 | 51.57% | 42,718 | 47.77% | 594 | 0.66% | 3,401 | 3.80% | 89,431 |
| Delaware | 147,189 | 56.81% | 111,189 | 42.91% | 717 | 0.28% | 36,000 | 13.89% | 259,095 |
| Elk | 10,455 | 70.51% | 4,354 | 29.36% | 19 | 0.13% | 6,101 | 41.15% | 14,828 |
| Erie | 72,944 | 69.55% | 31,393 | 29.93% | 549 | 0.52% | 41,551 | 39.62% | 104,886 |
| Fayette | 45,155 | 73.35% | 16,127 | 26.20% | 276 | 0.45% | 29,028 | 47.16% | 61,558 |
| Forest | 1,249 | 57.99% | 900 | 41.78% | 5 | 0.23% | 349 | 16.20% | 2,154 |
| Franklin | 19,332 | 58.68% | 13,525 | 41.06% | 85 | 0.26% | 5,807 | 17.63% | 32,942 |
| Fulton | 2,180 | 55.37% | 1,747 | 44.37% | 10 | 0.25% | 433 | 11.00% | 3,937 |
| Greene | 11,412 | 74.46% | 3,896 | 25.42% | 19 | 0.12% | 7,516 | 49.04% | 15,327 |
| Huntingdon | 7,435 | 52.96% | 6,571 | 46.81% | 33 | 0.24% | 864 | 6.15% | 14,039 |
| Indiana | 17,568 | 59.92% | 11,706 | 39.92% | 46 | 0.16% | 5,862 | 19.99% | 29,320 |
| Jefferson | 10,851 | 56.34% | 8,373 | 43.47% | 37 | 0.19% | 2,478 | 12.87% | 19,261 |
| Juniata | 4,138 | 57.19% | 3,087 | 42.67% | 10 | 0.14% | 1,051 | 14.53% | 7,235 |
| Lackawanna | 88,131 | 73.73% | 31,272 | 26.16% | 137 | 0.11% | 56,859 | 47.56% | 119,540 |
| Lancaster | 53,041 | 50.27% | 52,243 | 49.52% | 224 | 0.21% | 798 | 0.76% | 105,508 |
| Lawrence | 29,092 | 64.35% | 15,998 | 35.39% | 117 | 0.26% | 13,094 | 28.96% | 45,207 |
| Lebanon | 15,882 | 46.93% | 17,891 | 52.86% | 72 | 0.21% | -2,009 | -5.94% | 33,845 |
| Lehigh | 60,377 | 64.86% | 32,245 | 34.64% | 471 | 0.51% | 28,132 | 30.22% | 93,093 |
| Luzerne | 106,397 | 69.97% | 43,895 | 28.86% | 1,779 | 1.17% | 62,502 | 41.10% | 152,071 |
| Lycoming | 25,879 | 57.58% | 19,011 | 42.30% | 55 | 0.12% | 6,868 | 15.28% | 44,945 |
| McKean | 10,950 | 57.61% | 7,948 | 41.82% | 109 | 0.57% | 3,002 | 15.79% | 19,007 |
| Mercer | 32,199 | 63.68% | 18,153 | 35.90% | 211 | 0.42% | 14,046 | 27.78% | 50,563 |
| Mifflin | 8,811 | 59.31% | 6,006 | 40.43% | 39 | 0.26% | 2,805 | 18.88% | 14,856 |
| Monroe | 10,622 | 62.41% | 6,281 | 36.91% | 116 | 0.68% | 4,341 | 25.51% | 17,019 |
| Montgomery | 135,657 | 56.74% | 102,714 | 42.96% | 704 | 0.29% | 32,943 | 13.78% | 239,075 |
| Montour | 3,683 | 59.27% | 2,527 | 40.67% | 4 | 0.06% | 1,156 | 18.60% | 6,214 |
| Northampton | 58,818 | 73.08% | 21,048 | 26.15% | 619 | 0.77% | 37,770 | 46.93% | 80,485 |
| Northumberland | 28,082 | 62.07% | 17,046 | 37.68% | 116 | 0.26% | 11,036 | 24.39% | 45,244 |
| Perry | 6,054 | 52.86% | 5,364 | 46.84% | 34 | 0.30% | 690 | 6.03% | 11,452 |
| Philadelphia | 670,645 | 73.42% | 239,733 | 26.24% | 3,094 | 0.34% | 430,912 | 47.17% | 913,472 |
| Pike | 2,753 | 50.74% | 2,651 | 48.86% | 22 | 0.41% | 102 | 1.88% | 5,426 |
| Potter | 3,652 | 52.86% | 3,232 | 46.78% | 25 | 0.36% | 420 | 6.08% | 6,909 |
| Schuylkill | 50,560 | 65.63% | 26,386 | 34.25% | 96 | 0.12% | 24,174 | 31.38% | 77,042 |
| Snyder | 4,199 | 44.59% | 5,195 | 55.17% | 22 | 0.23% | -996 | -10.58% | 9,416 |
| Somerset | 17,934 | 54.65% | 14,817 | 45.15% | 63 | 0.19% | 3,117 | 9.50% | 32,814 |
| Sullivan | 1,690 | 55.63% | 1,344 | 44.24% | 4 | 0.13% | 346 | 11.39% | 3,038 |
| Susquehanna | 7,838 | 54.37% | 6,567 | 45.55% | 12 | 0.08% | 1,271 | 8.82% | 14,417 |
| Tioga | 7,415 | 51.16% | 7,064 | 48.73% | 16 | 0.11% | 351 | 2.42% | 14,495 |
| Union | 4,262 | 46.25% | 4,944 | 53.65% | 10 | 0.11% | -682 | -7.40% | 9,216 |
| Venango | 13,065 | 56.75% | 9,873 | 42.89% | 84 | 0.36% | 3,192 | 13.86% | 23,022 |
| Warren | 10,598 | 63.62% | 5,965 | 35.81% | 94 | 0.56% | 4,633 | 27.81% | 16,657 |
| Washington | 63,482 | 72.34% | 24,127 | 27.49% | 147 | 0.17% | 39,355 | 44.85% | 87,756 |
| Wayne | 5,781 | 46.89% | 6,512 | 52.82% | 35 | 0.28% | -731 | -5.93% | 12,328 |
| Westmoreland | 107,131 | 71.70% | 41,493 | 27.77% | 792 | 0.53% | 65,638 | 43.93% | 149,416 |
| Wyoming | 4,268 | 52.41% | 3,864 | 47.45% | 12 | 0.15% | 404 | 4.96% | 8,144 |
| York | 58,787 | 63.30% | 33,677 | 36.26% | 408 | 0.44% | 25,110 | 27.04% | 92,872 |
| Totals | 3,130,954 | 64.92% | 1,673,657 | 34.70% | 18,079 | 0.37% | 1,457,297 | 30.22% | 4,822,690 |
See also
References
- ^ a b Counting the Votes; Pennsylvania Archived 2017-01-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
- ^ Scammon, Richard M. (compiler); America at the Polls: A Handbook of Presidential Election Statistics 1920-1964; p. 381 ISBN 0405077114
- ^ Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004, pp. 287-290 ISBN 0786422173
- ^ Phillips, Kevin; The Emerging Republican Majority; pp. 55-60 ISBN 978-0-691-16324-6
- ^ Nexon, David; 'Asymmetry in the Political System: Occasional Activists in the Republican and Democratic Parties, 1956-1964', The American Political Science Review, vol. 65, No. 3 (Sep., 1971), pp. 716-730
- ^ Donaldson, Gary; Liberalism's Last Hurrah: The Presidential Campaign of 1964; p. 190 ISBN 1510702369
- ^ Edwards, Lee and Schlafly, Phyllis; Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution; pp. 286-290 ISBN 162157458X
- ^ Kelley, Stanley junior; 'The Goldwater Strategy'; The Princeton Review; pp. 8-11
- ^ Donaldson; Liberalism's Last Hurrah, chapter 3
- ^ Donaldson; Liberalism's Last Hurrah, p. 180
- ^ David Leip. "1964 Presidential General Election Results – Pennsylvania". David Leip's Atlas of US Presidential Elections. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
