Abdul-Qadir Gilani

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Saint
Abdul Qadir al-jilani
Sheikh,
Shrine of Abdul Qadir Jilani..jpg
Shrine of Abdul Qadir Jilani (Baghdad, Iraq)
Born Abdul Qadir
c. (1077-03-18)18 March 1077
Amol, Iran
Died 15 January 1166(1166-01-15) (aged 88)
Baghdad, Iraq
Cause of death natural causes
Resting place Shrine of Abdul Qadir, Baghdad, Iraq.
Nationality Iraqi
Other names Sheikh, Abdul Qadir al-Jilani
Religion Islam, Sufism
Parents Abu Salih (father), Umm Khair Fatima (mother).

Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلاني‎), (Kurdish: Evdilqadirê Geylanî, Persian: عبد القادر گیلانی‎,Urdu: عبد القادر آملی گیلانی‎ Abdolqāder Gilāni) (born the first day of Ramadan, 470, in the town of Na'if, district of Gilan, Ilam Province, Iran, died 11 Rabīʿ ath-Thānī 561 AH, in Baghdad,, 1077–1166 CE), was an influential Islamic Sufi religious figure, teacher, preacher and writer. He was the founder of the Sufi Qadiri order which has millions of followers around the world.[citation needed]

Contents

Family [edit]

Al-Gilani was born in 1077, in Nif (Persia)|Nif]], Persia.[1][2] His father was Abu Salih Musa al-Hasani, a descendant of Hazrat Imam Hasan, the eldest son of Ali, Muhammad's first cousin, and the husband of Fatima, Muhammad's daughter. Al-Gilani's mother was the daughter of Abdullah Sawmai, a descendant of Imam Husain, the younger son of Ali and Fatima. Thus, Al-Gilani was both a Hasani and Hussaini.[3]

Lineage [edit]

From Father [edit]

Name [edit]

Within Al-Gilani's full name, al-Sayyid Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir al-Jilani al-Hasani wal-Hussaini, the word Sayyid denotes his descent from Muhammad.[4] The name Muhiyudin describes him as a "reviver of religion".[5] The phrase, al-Jilani refers to Al Gilani's region of birth.[6][7] However, Al-Gilani also carried the epithet, al-Baghdadi.[8][9][10] referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad. The phrase al-Hasani wal-Hussaini affirms his lineal descent from both Hasan ibn Ali and Hussein ibn Ali, the grandsons of Muhammad.[11][12]

Paternal heritage [edit]

Al Gilani's father was a sharif.[13][14] He was respected as a saint would be, by the people of his day and was known as "Jangi Dost", (one who loves God), thus "Jangidost" was his sobriquet.[15][16][17]

Maternal heritage [edit]

Al Gilani's mother, Umm al-Khair Fatima, was the daughter of Sayyid Abdullah Sawmai az-Zaid and Zain ul Abideen[12][18][19][20] Abideen was known as,

"a great saint of his time and a direct descendant of Hazrat Imam Husain, the great martyr of Karbala."[21]

Abideen professed his greatness as a Sufi scholar,

"I am Hassani and my abode is my cell,
And my feet are on the neck of each Saint.
Abdul Qadir is my famous name.
And my ancestor is one possessed of an insight Perfect."
(Qaseedat-tul-Ghawthia.).

Spiritual Genealogy(Silsila) [edit]

Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (May 2013)

Education [edit]

Al Gilani spent his early life in Naif, the town of his birth. In 1095, at the age of eighteen years, he went to Baghdad. There, he pursued the study of Hanbali law. Abu Ali al-Mukharrimi gave Al Gilani lessons in Fiqh. He was given lessons about Hadith by Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar. He was given lessons about Tafsir by Abu Muhammad Ja'far, a commentator. In Tasawwuf, his spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas. After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions of Iraq.[22]

Later life [edit]

In 1127, Al Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach in public.[1] He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his teacher al-Mukharrimii and was popular with students. In the morning he taught hadith and tafsir, and in the afternoon held discourse on the science of the hearts and the virtues of the Qur'an. He was said to have been a convincing preacher and converted numerous Jews and Christians. His strength came in the reconciling of the mystical nature of the Sufi and strict nature of the Qur'an.[1] He felt it important to control egotism and worldliness to submit to God.

Death and burial [edit]

Al Gilani died in the evening on Saturday 1166 (11 Rabi'us sani 561AH) at the age of ninety-one years (by the Islamic calendar).[23] His body was entombed in a shrine within his madrassa in Babul-Sheikh, Resafa (East bank of the Tigris) in Baghdad, Iraq.[24][25][26] Worldwide, the Sufi orders[vague] celebrate "Ghouse-al-azham day" on the date of Al Gilani's death.

Descendants [edit]

  • Sir Al-Asrar (Secret of secrets) (English translation)

Internet published works [edit]

See also [edit]

Bibliography [edit]

  • Sayings of Shaikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jīlānī Malfūzāt, Holland, Mutah (translator). S. Abdul Majeed & Co, Kuala Lumpur (1994) ISBN 1-882216-03-2.
  • Fifteen letters, khamsata ashara maktūban / Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī. Translated from Persian to Arabic by Alī usāmu ́D-Dīn Al-Muttaqī. Translated from Arabic into English by Muhtar Holland.
  • Kamsata ašara maktūban. First edition. ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn, ʿAlī B., ʿAbd al-Malik al- Muttaqī al-Hindī (about 1480–1567) and Muhtar Holland (1935-). Al-Baz publications, Hollywood, Florida. (1997) ISBN 1-882216-16-4.
  • Jalā Al-Khawātir: a collection of forty-five discourses of Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī, the removal of cares. Chapter 23, pg 308. Jalā al-Khawātir, Holland, Mutah (1935-) (translator). Al-Baz publications, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. (1997) ISBN 1-882216-13-X.
  • The sultan of the saints: mystical life and teachings of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani / Muhammad Riaz Qadiri Qadiri, Muhammad Riyaz. Gujranwala, Abbasi publications. (2000) ISBN 969-8510-16-8.
  • The sublime revelation: al-Fath ar-Rabbānī, a collection of sixty-two discourses / Abd al-Qādir al- Jīlānī, Second edition. al-Rabbānī, al-Fath. Al-Baz publications, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. (1998). ISBN 1-882216-02-4.
  • Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion), Parts one and two in Arabic. Al-Qadir, Abd, Al-Gaylani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).
  • Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion.) in Arabic. Introduced by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Dar Al-Khair, Damascus, Bairut, (2005).
  • Encyclopædia Iranica.

External links [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c "'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia Britannica. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2010. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8. 
  2. ^ There is uncertainty as to the year of his birth as sources state both 1077 and 1078.
  3. ^ The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace pg 180. Mowla, Khondakar G. (1998).
  4. ^ Muslim communities of grace: the Sufi brotherhoods in Islamic religious life pg 94, Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. Columbia University Press. (2007). ISBN 978-0-231-14330-1.
  5. ^ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (1998).
  6. ^ Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics: volume 1. (A - Art). Part 1. (A - Algonquins) pg 10. Hastings, James and Selbie, John A. Adamant Media corporation. (2001), "and he was probably of Persian origin."
  7. ^ The Sufi orders in Islam, 2nd edition, pg 32. Triingham, J. Spencer and Voll, John O. Oxford University Press US, (1998), "The Hanbali Qadirriya is also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was contemporary of the other two."
  8. ^ Devotional Islam and politics in British India: Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi and his movement, 1870–1920, pg 144, Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Press US, 19 August 1999. ISBN 0-19-564862-5 ISBN 978-0-19-564862-1.
  9. ^ Cultural and religious heritage of India: Islam pg 321. Sharma, Suresh K. (2004)
  10. ^ Indo-iranica pg 7. The Iran Society, Calcutta, India. (1985).
  11. ^ Biographical encyclopaedia of sufis: central asia and middle east, pg 123, Vol 2. Hanif N. Sarup and Sons. (2002) ISBN 81-7625-266-2, 9788176252669.
  12. ^ a b The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace pg 176. Mowla, Khondakar G. (1998).
  13. ^ Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan. p 177. Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975)
  14. ^ The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, pg 19, Riyāz Qādrī, Muhammad. Abassi publications, University of Michigan (2000).
  15. ^ Sulook organisation website.
  16. ^ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 27, Khān, Muhammad Fādil and Ahmad, Faid. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad. (1997)
  17. ^ Encyclopaedia of Sufism, volume 1, Kahn, Masood Ali and Ram, S.
  18. ^ Hadrat Sultan Bahu: life and work pg 66, Hamdānī, Sayyid Ahmad Saīd, Hadrat Sultan Bahu Organization, the University of Michigan (2001)
  19. ^ Mystical discourses of Ghaus-e-Azam Hazrat Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, pg 66. Qādrī, Muhammad Riyāz. (2002)
  20. ^ Biographical encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East pg 123. Hanif, N.
  21. ^ Ghous ul Azam Dastgir pg 2. Urfī, Abdul Azīz Urfī. (1973)
  22. ^ Akbar, pg.11 Al Haqq, Abd.
  23. ^ The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah.
  24. ^ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion), parts one and two in arabic, Al-Qadir, Abd and Al-Gilani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).
  25. ^ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion) with introduction by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Al-Kilani, Majid , al-Tariqat, 'Ursan, and al-Qadiriyah, Nash'at
  26. ^ The Qadirya shrine, Baghdad.
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