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Bukan

Coordinates: 36°31′16″N 46°12′32″E / 36.52111°N 46.20889°E / 36.52111; 46.20889
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Bukan
بوکان
City
Bukan is located in Iran
Bukan
Bukan
Coordinates: 36°31′16″N 46°12′32″E / 36.52111°N 46.20889°E / 36.52111; 46.20889
CountryIran
ProvinceWest Azerbaijan
CountyBukan
BakhshCentral
Elevation
1,365 m (4,478 ft)
Population
 (2016 census)
 • Urban
193,501
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Area code(+98) 44-462
Websitewww.bukan.ir

Bukan (Template:Lang-fa, Template:Lang-ku)[1] is the capital of Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. As of 2016, its population was estimated to be near 193,501 people or 56,000 families.[2] The city is situated east of the Siminarud river. The whole county is populated by Shafi'i Kurds who speak Sorani Kurdish.[3]

Etymology

The name Bukan derives from the Kurdish word 'brides'. However, Rashid al-Din Hamadani wrote that the name was eponymous to a Merkit prince.[4] Only during the Qajar era is the name documented.[3]

History

Pre–Islamic era

There have been several artefacts discovered in Bukan dating back to between 4100 BC and 4400 BC. These artefacts confirm that Bukan was home to one of the first human settlements on the Iranian Plateau.[5] Bukan was also at the centre of the Mannaean civilization.[6]

In Pre–Islamic times Bukan was a garrison for both the Parthian Empire and the Sassanian Empire There are several ancient sites from this time period in Bukan today.[7]

Islamic era

Bukan fell into the hands of the Muslims some time around 643.[8] The city was part of the Mukriyan principality from the late 14th century to the 19th century. As the principality declined, aristocratic (agha) Dehbokri Kurds, who controlled many surrounding villages, took control over the city. The Dehbokri were staunchly against the Mukriyan principality. Despite its small size, Bukan played a major role in the region culturally and politically. In the mid-1940s, the city was incorporated into the short-lived Republic of Mahabad and acquired a printing press and Kurdish books and magazines were published. Later, the town experienced a peasant revolt wherein the peasants succeeded in forcing the aristocrats out. The revolt was ultimately put down ruthlessly by the army.[3]

Up until the 1950s, Bukan was considered a large village but has seen a rapid growth since then.[3] Its population increased from 5,307 in 1956, to 20,579 in 1976[3] and 149,340 in 2006.[3][9]

The people of Bukan took part in the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and in the subsequent Kurdish movement for autonomy.[3] It fell under the control of Kurdish opposition groups, but was recaptured by the Iranian Army on 1 January 1984. According to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Bukan was the last Kurdish city in Iran to be captured.[10] On 15 April 1988, Bukan was bombarded by the Iraqi Air Force, in which 19 people died and 160 were wounded.[11]

View of West Bukan (Iranian Kurdistan) - Hell Shot

Historical sites

Sardar Castle

In 1247 Persian Date, Sardar Aziz Khan Mokri from the Sardasht region built a castle near the great reservoir of Bukan that is presently named after its founder as Sardaar Aziz Khaan Castle. The castle was built on top of a hill 50 by 60 meters in diameter and 13 meters tall, and its main building material is 20 by 20 cm bricks with clay mortar and timbers. The castle measures 25 by 30 meters and has 6 daises which rest upon 9-storey columns 2 meters tall and 1 meter in diameter.

During 1325-1351 (A.H) the castle was turned into a police headquarters, post office, and a school respectively and finally was destroyed completely in 1361 A.H and replaced by a newly built structure that used as Basidj (Mobilization) Station.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bukan.

Sports

Football is the most popular sport in the city. Since 2000, Bukan has been host to the professional club Sardar Bukan F.C. which plays in the Iranian League 2 (third tier). In 2017, Sardar Bukan gained a nationwide reputation for its support from the people of Bukan.[12]

Notable people

References

  1. ^ Bukan can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3057083" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  2. ^ "آمار جمعیتی آذربایجان غربی به تفکیک شهرها اعلام شد". haje.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Hassanpour, Amir (1989). "BŪKĀN". Encyclopedia Iranica. doi:10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_7182.
  4. ^ Minorsky, Vladimir (1978). The Turks, Iran and the Caucasus in the Middle Ages. Variorum Reprints. p. 68. ISBN 9780860780281.
  5. ^ "بوكان". September 16, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-09-16.
  6. ^ محمودپدرام، ۳۰–۳۵
  7. ^ نینا ویکتورینا پیگولوسکایا، شهرهای ایران در روزگار پارتیان و ساسانیان، ۳۳.
  8. ^ "متن کتاب فرهنگ انجمن آرای ناصری - جلد 1 - صفحه 194 - هدایت، رضا قلی بن محمد هادی". September 15, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-09-15.
  9. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
  10. ^ "Fars News Agency : بازسازی تمام عملیات‌‌های دفاع مقدس‌/ نقش خراسانی‌ها ‌در آزادسازی بوکان‌". September 16, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-09-16.
  11. ^ "برگزاری جلسه هماهنگی به منظور یادواره شهدای بمباران شهدای بوکان". April 10, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-04-10.
  12. ^ "پایگاه خبری تحلیلی کانی پرس - اخبار > وضعیت مالی تیم سردار بوکان نامعلوم است". September 15, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-09-15.
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