Carl Bosch

Carl Bosch
Born	(1874-08-27)27 August 1874 Cologne, Germany
Died	26 April 1940(1940-04-26) (aged 65) Heidelberg, Germany
Nationality	German
Fields	Chemistry
Institutions	BASF, IG Farben
Alma mater	Technical College of Charlottenburg
Known for	Haber-Bosch process
Notable awards	Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1931) Goethe Prize (1939)

Carl Bosch (27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel laureate in chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company.

Biography

Early years

Bosch was born in Cologne, Germany to a successful gas and plumbing supplier. His uncle Robert Bosch pioneered the development of the spark plug. Carl, trying to decide between a career in metallurgy or chemistry, studied at the Technical College of Charlottenburg (today the Technische Universität Berlin) and the University of Leipzig from 1892–1898.

Career

Bosch attended the University of Leipzig, and this is where he studied under Johannes Wislicenus, and he obtained his doctorate in 1898 for research in organic chemistry. After he left In 1899 he took an entry level job at BASF, then Germany's largest chemical and dye firm. From 1909 until 1913 he transformed Fritz Haber's tabletop demonstration of a method to fix nitrogen using high pressure chemistry into an important industrial process to produce megatons of fertilizer and explosives. The fully developed system is called the Haber–Bosch process. He was the inventor of this process. His task was to have this process work on a large industrial scale. He had to construct a plant and apparatus that would still function under high gas pressures and high temperatures. There were many more obstacles as well such as, creating a safe high-pressurized blast furnaces. Also, a cheap and safe way for cleaning and processing the gas had to be developed as well. With this process complete he was able to create large amounts of ammonia, which was available for the industrial and agricultural fields. In fact, this production increased the agricultural process for all of the world. The process was for preparing hydrogen on a manufacturing scale by passing a mixture of steam and water over a catalyst at a high temperature. After World War I Bosch extended high-pressure techniques to the production of synthetic fuel and methanol. In 1925 Bosch helped found and was the first head of IG Farben and from 1935 chairman of the board of directors. He received the Siemens-Ring in 1924 for his contributions to applied research and his support of basic research. In 1931 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Friedrich Bergius for the introduction of high pressure chemistry. Today the Haber-Bosch process produces 100 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer every year.

Personal life

Bosch's grave in Heidelberg
49.396155°N 8.692567°E / 49.396155; 8.692567 (Site at Bergfriedhof und Jüdischer Friedhof or Mountain cemetery - Bergfriedhof Heidelberg)

Bosch, a critic of many Nazi policies, was gradually relieved of his high positions after Hitler became chancellor, and fell into despair and alcoholism. He died in Heidelberg. http://www.educadores.diaadia.pr.gov.br/arquivos/File/tvmultimidia/imagens/3quimica/9haber-bosch.jpg Fritz Haber and Carl Boschttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/BASF_Werk_Ludwigshafen_1881.JPG BASF Where CArl Worked. https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-YMFreDbGCus/UXE1E_uz5BI/AAAAAAAABG0/F2ExTcQ7McY/s654/catalytic_converter.gif BASF's Production

Legacy

The Haber–Bosch Process today consumes more than one percent of the energy on Earth and is responsible for feeding roughly one-third of its population. On average, one-half of the nitrogen in a human body is synthetic, the product of a Haber–Bosch plant. Bosch was an ardent collector of insects, minerals, and gems. His collected meteorites and other mineral samples were loaned to Yale University, and eventually purchased by the Smithsonian. He was an amateur astronomer with a well-equipped private observatory. The asteroid 7414 Bosch was named in his honour.

Carl Bosch along with Fritz Haber were voted The Most Popular Chemical Engineers Ever by readers of the TCE Magazine.

The Haber-Bosch process, quite possibly the best-known chemical process in the world, which captures nitrogen from the air and converts it to ammonia has its hand in the process of Green Revolution which has been feeding the increasing population of world.

Bosch also won numerous awards including the honorary doctorate of the Techishule in Karlsruhe (1918). he was also awarded the Liebig Memorial Medal of the Association of German Chemists along with the Bunsen Medal of the German Bunsen Society, the Siemens Ring, and the Golden Grashof Memorial medal of the VDI. In 1931 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the contribution to the invention of chemical high pressure methods. There is also an asteroid named after him, the 7414 Bosch. He also received the Exner medal from the Austrian Trade Association. The Carl Lueg Memorial Medal was also given to him as well as the Although, Bosch really enjoyed his membership of various German and foreign scientific academics, and his chairmanship of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society of which he became the President in 1937.

See also

• German inventors and discoverers

Further reading

• Thomas Hager, The Alchemy of Air: A Jewish Genius, a Doomed Tycoon, and the Scientific Discovery That Fed the World but Fueled the Rise of Hitler (2008) ISBN 978-0-307-35178-4.
• Peter Hayes (1987). "Carl Bosch and Carl Krauch: Chemistry and the Political Economy of Germany, 1925–1945". The Journal of Economic History 47 (2): 353–363. doi:10.1017/S0022050700048117. JSTOR 2122234. 
• K. Holdermann (1949). "Carl Bosch und die Naturwissenschaft". Naturwissenschaften 36 (6): 161–165. Bibcode:1949NW.....36..161H. doi:10.1007/BF00626575. 
• Carl Krauch (1940). "Carl Bosch zum Gedächtnis". Angewandte Chemie 53 (27–28): 285–288. doi:10.1002/ange.19400532702. 
• "Carl Bosch". Famous Scientists. Human Touch of Chemistry. 
• "Carl Bosch". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931. Nobelprize.org. 
• "Carl Bosch (German chemist)". Encyclopedia Britannica. 

External links

• Nobel biography
• recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods.
• "Carl Bosch". Chemist, Technician, Industrialist. Find a Grave. January 1, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2013.