Cyril Norman Hinshelwood

Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
Born	(1897-06-19)19 June 1897 London, England
Died	9 October 1967(1967-10-09) (aged 70)
Fields	Physical chemistry
Institutions	University of Oxford
Alma mater	Oxford University
Doctoral advisor	Harold Hartley
Notable students	Keith J. Laidler
Notable awards	Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood OM PRS (19 June 1897 – 9 October 1967) was an English physical chemist.

Born in London, his parents were Norman Macmillan Hinshelwood, a chartered accountant, and Ethe Frances née Smith. He was educated first in Canada, returning in 1905 on the death of his father to a small flat in Chelsea where he lived for the rest of his life. He then studied at Westminster City School and Balliol College, Oxford University.

During the First World War, Hinshelwood was a chemist in an explosives factory. He was a tutor at Trinity College from 1921 to 1937 and was Dr Lee’s Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford from 1937. He served on several Advisory Councils on scientific matters to the British Government. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1929, serving as President from 1955 to 1960. He was knighted in 1948 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1960.

His early studies of molecular kinetics led to the publication of Thermodynamics for Students of Chemistry and The Kinetics of Chemical Change in 1926. With Harold Warris Thompson he studied the explosive reaction of Hydrogen and Oxygen and described the phenomenon of chain reaction. His subsequent work on chemical changes in the bacterial cell proved to be of great importance in later research work on antibiotics and therapeutic agents, and his book, The Chemical Kinetics of the Bacterial Cell was published in 1946, followed by Growth, Function and Regulation in Bacterial Cells in 1966. In 1951 he published The Structure of Physical Chemistry. It was republished as an Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences by Oxford University Press in 2005.

With Nikolay Semenov of the USSR, Hinshelwood was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1956 for his researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions.

The Langmuir-Hinshelwood process in heterogeneous catalysis, in which the adsorption of the reactants on the surface is the rate-limiting step, is named after him.

Hinshelwood was President of the Chemical Society, Royal Society, Classical Association and the Faraday Society, and gained many awards and honorary degrees.

Hinshelwood never married. He was fluent in 7 classical and modern languages and his main hobbies were painting, collecting Chinese pottery, and foreign literature. He was a Senior Research Fellow at Imperial College London, 1964–67. He died, at home, on 9 October 1967.

After he died, his Nobel Prize medal was evidently sold by his estate, and in 1976 purchased by coin dealer in Los Angeles for $15,000.

See also

• E. J. Bowen, a contemporary Oxford chemist
• Timeline of hydrogen technologies

References

• C. F. Cullis (1967). "Obituary: Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, KT., O.M., M.A., D.SC., F.R.S., 1897–1967". Journal Chemical Society: X001–X002. doi:10.1039/JR945000X001. 
• Harold Thompson (1973). "Cyril Norman Hinshelwood. 1897–1967". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 19: 374–431. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1973.0015. JSTOR 769568. 
• J. S. Rowlinson (2004). "The wartime work of Hinshelwood and his colleagues". Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond. 58 (2): 161–175. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2004.0050. PMID 15209074. 

External links

• Hinshelwood's Nobel Foundation biography
• Hinshelwood's Nobel Lecture Chemical Kinetics in the Past Few Decades
• Hinshelwood Archives at the Royal Society