Cotinine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Cotinine | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| IUPAC name |
(S)-1-Methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone
|
| Other names | 1-Methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone S-(-)-Cotinine |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 486-56-6  |
| PubChem | 854019 |
| SMILES |
O=C2N(C)[C@H](c1cnccc1)CC2
|
| InChI |
1/C10H12N2O/c1-12-9(4-5-10(12)13)8-3-2-6-11-7-8/h2-3,6-7,9H,4-5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
|
| InChI key | UIKROCXWUNQSPJ-VIFPVBQEBC |
| ChemSpider ID | 746405 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C10H12N2O |
| Molar mass | 176.22 g/mol |
| Melting point |
41 °C |
| Boiling point |
250 °C |
| (what is this?) (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
|
| Infobox references | |
Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine. The word 'cotinine' is an anagram of 'nicotine'. It is used to measure the grade of tobacco smoking, but might also improve mental function.
[edit] Measure of smoking
Cotinine has an in vivo half life of approximately 20 hours, and is typically detectable for several days to up to one week after the use of tobacco. The level of cotinine in the blood is proportionate to the amount of exposure to tobacco smoke, so it is a valuable indicator of tobacco smoke exposure, including secondary (passive) smoke. People who smoke menthol cigarettes may retain cotinine in the blood for a longer period because menthol can compete with cotinine enzymatic metabolism.[1] Genetic encoding of liver enzymes may also play a role, as African Americans routinely register higher blood cotinine levels than Caucasians. [2] Several variable factors, such as menthol cigarette preference and puff size, suggest that the explanation for this difference may be more complex than gender or race.[citation needed]
Drug tests can detect cotinine in the blood, urine, or saliva.
[edit] References
- ^ Ham, Becky (2002-12-16). "Signs of Smoking Linger Longer in Menthol Smokers". Health Behavior News Service. http://www.hbns.org/news/menthol12-16-02.cfm. Retrieved 2006-08-05.
- ^ News, BBC (2007-03-17). "'Race role' in tobacco smoke risk". BBC NEWS. http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/health/6441267.stm. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
