Heber J. Grant

Heber J. Grant
7th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
November 23, 1918 (1918-11-23) – May 14, 1945 (1945-05-14)
Predecessor	Joseph F. Smith
Successor	George Albert Smith
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
November 18, 1916 (1916-11-18) – November 23, 1918 (1918-11-23)
End reason	Became President of the Church
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
October 16, 1882 (1882-10-16) – November 23, 1918 (1918-11-23)
Called by	John Taylor
End reason	Became President of the Church
LDS Church Apostle
October 16, 1882 (1882-10-16) – May 14, 1945 (1945-05-14)
Called by	John Taylor
Reason	Reorganization of First Presidency and the death of Orson Pratt
Reorganization at end of term	Matthew Cowley ordained
Personal details
Born	Heber Jeddy Grant November 22, 1856(1856-11-22) Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, United States
Died	May 14, 1945(1945-05-14) (aged 88) Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Resting place	Salt Lake City Cemetery 40°46′37.92″N 111°51′28.8″W
Spouse	Lucy Stringham Hulda Augusta Winters Emily Harris Wells
Children	12
Signature

Heber Jeddy Grant (November 22, 1856 – May 14, 1945) was the seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was ordained an apostle on October 16, 1882, on the same day as George Teasdale. Grant served as church president from November 23, 1918 to his death in 1945, which makes him the longest-serving church president during the twentieth century.

In business, Heber J. Grant helped develop the Avenues neighborhood of Salt Lake City. In 1884 he served a term as a representative to the Utah Territorial Legislature.

Early life

Grant was born in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, the son of Rachel Ridgeway (née Ivins) and Jedediah Morgan Grant. Jedediah was a counselor in the first presidency to Brigham Young. Rachel was a native of New Jersey where she had converted to The Church of Jesus Christ at about age 20. Her cousin and later brother-in-law (he married her older sister Anna) Israel Ivins was the first person baptized a Latter-day Saint in New Jersey.

Jedediah Grant died when Heber was nine days old. After Jedediah's death, Rachael married Jedediah's brother George Grant, but he fell into alcoholism so she divorced him. Rachel became the dominant influence in Heber's life. Rachel served for many years as president of the 13th Ward Relief Society in downtown Salt Lake City.

Heber J. Grant was known for his determination in achieving goals seemingly beyond his reach. As a child, he wished to join the baseball team that would win the Utah Territorial championship, although others believed him to be too physically awkward to be a successful baseball player. In response, he purchased a baseball and practiced throwing the ball against his barn until he developed his skill sufficiently to join the baseball team that would win the Utah Territorial championship.

In similar fashion, he expressed a desire to be a successful bookkeeper, although many of his associates criticized his penmanship. He likewise practiced his penmanship until such a point where he was invited to teach penmanship at one of the local academies.

Church service

In 1901, Grant was sent to Japan to open the Japanese Mission of the LDS Church, and he served as its president until 1903 when he returned home but was almost immediately sent to preside over the British and European Missions of the church.

Grant in his early years as an apostle, c. 1880-1889

Grant succeeded Joseph F. Smith as president of the LDS Church in November 1918. However, he was not sustained in the position by the general church membership until June 1919, as the influenza pandemic of 1918 forced a delay of the church's traditional springtime general conference.

During his tenure as president, Grant enforced the 1890 Manifesto outlawing plural marriage and gave guidance as the church's social structure evolved away from its early days of plural marriage-based families. In 1927, he authorized the implementation of the church's "Good Neighbor" policy, which was intended to reduce antagonism between Latter-day Saints and the United States government. In 1935, Grant excommunicated members of the church in Short Creek, Arizona that refused to sign the loyalty pledge to the church that included a renunciation of plural marriage. Although he recognized the 1886 Revelation by John Taylor to be in his own handwriting, he denounced it due to the fact that it was not in the archives of the church at the time of his official acknowledgment. The renunciation action signaled the formal beginning of the Mormon fundamentalist movement, and some of the excommunicated members went on to found the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.

One of Grant's greatest legacies as president is the welfare program of the LDS Church, which he instituted in 1936. He said, "our primary purpose was to set up, insofar as it might be possible, a system under which the curse of idleness would be done away with, the evils of a dole abolished, and independence, industry, thrift and self-respect be once more established amongst our people. The aim of the Church is to help the people help themselves." His administration also emphasized the practice of the LDS health code known as the Word of Wisdom. Until Grant's administration, adherence to the health code was not compulsory for advancement in the priesthood or for entrance to LDS temples. (Allen and Leonard, p. 524)

Grant died in Salt Lake City, Utah from cardiac failure as a result of arteriosclerosis. As the final surviving member of the church's Council of Fifty, his death marked the formal end of the organization. Grant was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery.

Plural marriage

Grant was the last of the LDS Church presidents to practice plural marriage. He married a first time in 1877 and then twice more in 1884.

• Grant married Lucy Stringham (1858–1893) on November 1, 1877. She was a daughter of Briant Stringham, one of those who came to Utah with Brigham Young in 1847. Briant Stringham also served as a probate judge in Cache County, Utah and was a noted stock raiser in early Utah who for a time had the assignment to oversee the animals that had been given to the LDS Church as tithing. Lucy bore Grant 6 children. She died in 1893, after a long illness during which he gave constant, tender devotion to her, as he had throughout their marriage.

• He married Hulda Augusta Winters (1856–1952) on May 26, 1884. Augusta bore him one daughter. She accompanied Grant to Japan when Grant was sent to open the Japanese Mission in 1901. She remained with Grant until his death in 1945; she followed in 1952.

• Grant married Emily Harris Wells (1857–1908) on May 27, 1884. She was a daughter of Daniel H. Wells. Emily bore Grant 5 children before she died in 1908. She accompanied Grant during his time presiding over the British and European Mission in 1903. Emily's last child was born in 1899 when she was 42, the same year Grant pleaded guilty to unlawful cohabitation and paid a $100 fine.

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  Grave monument of Heber J. Grant.

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Works

• Grant, Heber J. (1941). Gospel Standards: Selections from the Sermons and Writings of Heber J. Grant. compiled by G. Homer Durham. Improvement Era. 
• —— (1970). A Japanese Journal. compiled by Gordon A. Madsen. 
• —— (2002). Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Heber J. Grant. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.  LDS Church publication number 35970.

See also

• Second Manifesto
• Wells-Bennett-Grant Family

Further reading

• Allen, James B.; Glen M. Leonard (1976). The Story of the Latter-day Saints. Deseret Book Company. ISBN 0-87747-594-6. 
• Johnson, Sherrie Mills (January 2004). "Heber J. Grant: A Prophet for Hard Times". Ensign: 57. http://library.lds.org/nxt/gateway.dll/Magazines/Ensign/2004.htm/ensign%20january%202004.htm/heber%20j.%20grant%20%20a%20prophet%20for%20hard%20times.htm. 
• Daniel H. Ludlow, ed. (1992). Church History, Selections from the Encyclopedia of Mormonism. Deseret Book Company. ISBN 0-87579-924-8. 
• Quinn, D. Michael (1980). "The Council of Fifty and Its Members, 1844 to 1945". BYU Studies 20 (2): 163–98. 

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Religious titles
Preceded by Joseph F. Smith	President of the Church November 23, 1918–May 14, 1945	Succeeded by George Albert Smith
Preceded by Francis M. Lyman	President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles November 18, 1916–November 23, 1918	Succeeded by Anthon H. Lund
Preceded by George Teasdale	Quorum of the Twelve Apostles October 16, 1882–November 23, 1918	Succeeded by John W. Taylor