Jack Diamond (gangster)
| Jack Diamond | |
|---|---|
 NYPD mugshot of Jack Diamond |
|
| Born | Jack Nolan July 10, 1897 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Died | December 18, 1931 (aged 34) Albany, New York |
| Cause | Gunshot |
| Alias(es) | Gentleman Jack |
| Charge(s) | Burglary (February 14, 1914); Desertion from US Army (1918–1919); Kidnapping (1930)—sentenced to 4 years {twice acquitted} |
| Occupation | Bootlegger |
Jack "Legs" Diamond (born Jack Nolan; July 10, 1897 – December 18, 1931), also known as Gentleman Jack, was a famous Irish-American gangster in Philadelphia and New York City during the Prohibition era. A bootlegger and close associate of gambler Arnold Rothstein, Diamond survived a number of attempts on his life between 1916 and 1931, causing him to be known as the "clay pigeon of the underworld". In 1930, Diamond's nemesis Dutch Schultz remarked to his own gang, "Ain't there nobody that can shoot this guy so he don't bounce back?"
Contents |
[edit] Early life
Diamond was born July 10, 1897, to Sara and John Nolan, who immigrated from Ireland in the fall of 1891 to 951 Frankford Avenue, Philadelphia. In 1899, Jack's younger brother Eddie Nolan was born. Jack and Eddie both struggled through grade school, while Sara suffered from severe arthritis and other health issues. On December 24, 1913, Sara died from complications due to a bacterial infection and high fever. John Nolan, Sr. moved to Brooklyn shortly afterwards. Diamond soon joined a New York street gang called the Hudson Dusters. Diamond's first arrest was for burglary; he broke into a jewelry store on February 4, 1914, with numerous arrests following through the remainder of his life. Diamond served in the U.S. Army during World War I, but deserted in 1918 or 1919, then was convicted and jailed for desertion.
After his release, Diamond was hired by "Little Augie" (Jacob Orgen) to murder an enemy, with Diamond then becoming Augie's personal bodyguard. Diamond was shot twice when Louis Buchalter, seeking to move in on Orgen's garment district labor rackets, shot and killed the latter.
[edit] Lifestyle
Diamond was known for leading a rather flamboyant lifestyle. He was a very energetic individual; his nickname "Legs" derived either from his being a good dancer or from how fast he could escape his enemies. For a gangster, Diamond was also loyal,[citation needed] but was not averse to betraying someone when he saw fit. His wife, Alice was never supportive of his lifestyle, but did not do much to dissuade him from it. Diamond was a womanizer; his best known mistress was showgirl and dancer Marion "Kiki" Roberts. The public loved Diamond; he was Upstate New York's biggest celebrity at the time.
[edit] Prohibition & the Manhattan Bootleg Wars
During the late 1920s, Prohibition was in force, and the sale of beer and other alcohol was illegal in the United States. Diamond traveled to Europe to score beer and narcotics, but failed. He did score liquor which was dumped overboard in partially full barrels which floated into Long Island as ships entered New York. He paid the children a nickel for every drum they brought to his trucks.
Following Orgen's death, Diamond went to work overseeing bootleg alcohol sales in downtown Manhattan. That brought him into conflict with Dutch Schultz, who wanted to move beyond his base in Harlem. He also ran into trouble with other gangs in the city. A young man named Stanley Wheeler befriended Diamond and served as his closest friend and driver on many of his quick getaways. Diamond failed to make a payment, and he was shot at the Hotel Monticello by gangsters. He then moved to the Catskills to get away from the threat of Schultz and others. Diamond was shot five times on one occasion when Schultz's men surprised him at a private dinner. With Wheeler driving him, he escaped with bullet holes in his car, and minor bullet wounds.
In 1930, Diamond and two henchmen kidnapped Grover Parks, a local truck driver, and demanded to know what kind of beer or alcohol he was carrying. After he denied that he was carrying anything, they beat and tortured him. They eventually let him go. A few months later, Diamond was charged with the kidnapping of James Duncan. He was sent to Catskill, New York for his first trial, but was acquitted. However, he was convicted on federal case on related charges, and he was sentenced to four years in jail. In a third trial, in Troy, New York, he was acquitted.
In early 1931, Schultz' gunmen fired on Diamond with machine guns at the Aratoga Inn near Cairo, killing two bystanders in the process.
[edit] Death
On December 18, 1931, Diamond's enemies finally caught up with him, shooting him after he had passed out at a hideout on Dove Street in Albany, New York after a night party on the day of his trial in Troy. The killers shot him three times in the back of the head at approximately 5:30 AM. However, six shots were heard, so there is reason to believe a minimal struggle took place. Had he not been killed, he would have gone on to serve the jail time mentioned above.
There has been much speculation as to who was responsible for the murder, including Dutch Schultz, the Oley Brothers (local thugs), the Albany Police Department, and relatives of Red Cassidy, another Irish gangster at the time. According to William Kennedy's O Albany, Democratic Party Chairman Dan O'Connell, who ran the local political machine, ordered Diamond's execution, which was carried out by the Albany Police. The following are Dan O'Connell's own words recorded during a 1974 interview by Kennedy and appears on pages 203 and 204:
- "In order for the Mafia to move in they had to have protection, and they know they'll never get it in this town. We settled that years ago. Legs Diamond...called up one day and said he wanted to go into the 'insurance' business here. He was going to sell strong-arm 'protection' to the merchants. I sent word to him that he wasn't going to do any business in Albany and we didn't expect to see him in town the next morning. He never started anything here."
- "Prior brought him around here...but brought him around once too often. Fitzpatrick finished Legs."
O'Connell added that William Fitzpatrick (a Police sergeant at the time and later chief) and Diamond were "sitting in the same room and (Fitzpatrick) followed him out. Fitzpatrick told him he'd kill him if he didn't keep going."
Given the power that the O'Connell machine held in Albany and their determination to prevent organized crime other than their own from establishing itself in the city and threatening their monopoly of vice, most people accept this account of the story. In addition it has been confirmed by other former machine officials. Alice Diamond, his long suffering wife, was murdered two years after Legs. Chief Fitzpatrick himself was shot and killed in his own office by an Albany police detective, John McElveney, in 1945. Detective McElveney was sentenced to 20 years to life in prison. He was released in 1957, when his sentence was commuted by Governor Averill Harriman.
[edit] In popular culture
- The first book in author William Kennedy's Albany series, Legs, follows Diamond to his death.
- Diamond is the subject of director Budd Boetticher's 1960 film The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond starring Ray Danton and Warren Oates. The film was nominated for AFI's Top 10 Gangster Films list.[1] A 1988 musical based on the movie starred Peter Allen, but it lasted just 64 performances and is regarded as one of Broadway's legendary high-profile flops.[2]
- On October 20, 1960, Diamond was played by Steven Hill in the episode "Jack 'Legs' Diamond" of the ABC crime drama The Untouchables starring Robert Stack.
- On May 12, 1961, Diamond was played by Robert Ellenstein in the episode "The Jack (Legs) Diamond Story" of the NBC crime drama The Lawless Years starring James Gregory.
- The Broadway Show, Legs Diamond Legs Diamond (musical) starring Peter Allen ran briefly in late 1988 and early 1989.
- Wu-Tang Clan-member Raekwon the Chef's debut hip hop album Only Built for Cuban Linx features a mafioso theme in which he and each guest artist assume a "Wu-Gambino" nickname. Raekwon's nickname is "Lex Diamond" in homage to Legs Diamond.
- A Terry Gilliam animation sequence from the British TV show Monty Python's Flying Circus features a gangster chicken by the name of "Eggs" Diamond.
- There is a rock and roll band named Legs Diamond
- Portland[disambiguation needed
] hip hop artist OnlyOne uses mentions Jack Diamond in his song "Fools Gold", which includes Arnold Rothstein and the Black Sox Scandal
[edit] References
[edit] Further reading
- Adam, Fred. "Fred Adam's St John's". There is a picture of Jack Legs Diamond with Jack Johnston taxi driver or owner of Blue Taxi in St. John's Newfoundland in 1920. Diamond is photographed wearing diamond patterned socks.
- Curzon, Sam. Legs Diamond, Belmont Tower Books, 1973.
- Downey, Patrick. Gangster City: The History of the New York Underworld 1900–1935. Fort Lee, New Jersey: Barricade Books, 2004.
- Kennedy, William. O Albany. Viking Penguin, 1983.
- Levine, Garry. Anatomy of a Gangster: Jack "Legs" Diamond. Purple Mountain Press, 1979.
