Karluk languages

Karluk
Karluk
Qarluq, Southeastern Turkic
Geographic; distribution	Central Asia
Linguistic classification	Turkic Common Turkic Karluk; ;
Early forms	Middle Turkic Karakhanid Khorezmian Chagatai ; ; ;
Subdivisions	Western Turkic; Eastern Turkic;
Language codes
Glottolog	None; uygh1240 (Eastern Karluk (Uyghur)); uzbe1247 (Western Karluk (Uzbek))
	Uzbek Uyghur Äynu Ili

The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties once spoken by Karluks.^[1]

Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.

Classification

Uzbek – spoken by the Uzbeks; approximately 44 million speakers ^[2]
Uyghur – spoken by the Uyghurs; approximately 25 million speakers
Ili Turki – moribund language spoken by Ili Turkis, who are legally recognized as a subgroup of Uzbeks; 120 speakers and decreasing (1980)
Chagatai – extinct language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century.
Karakhanid – literary language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate that is considered a standard form of Middle Turkic.
Khorezmian – literary language of the Golden Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language.

Proto-Turkic	Common Turkic	Karluk	Western	Uzbek
			Eastern	Uyghur Ili Turki Chagatai † Karakhanid † Khorezmian †

The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded:^[3]^{[full citation needed]}^[4]^{[full citation needed]}

Number	Name	Status	Native speakers	Country
1	Uzbek	Normal	30,000,000 3,400,000 3,000,000	Uzbekistan Afghanistan Central Asia
2	Uyghur	Normal	25,000,000	China
3	Äynu	Critically endangered	6,000	China
4	Ili Turki	Severely endangered	100	China
Total	Karluk languages	Normal	62,400,000

^ Austin, Peter (2008). One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost. University of California Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-520-25560-9.
^ Uzbek at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Northern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Southern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ https://www.ethnologue.com/ ^{[bare URL]}
^ https://glottolog.org/

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