List of military equipment used by Syrian opposition forces

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List of military equipment[1][2] used by Syrian opposition forces in the Syrian Civil War. This list does not include equipment used by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

Sources

Large equipment like tanks and vehicles are generally captured from Syrian Army supplies, but small arms are likely a mixture of captured Syrian Army weapons, weapons imported by foreign combatants joining the opposition forces, or other sources. These include funding by private donors (notably from the Gulf region) and equipment supplied by friendly nations.

The U.S. supplied a considerable amount of weapons and ammunition, of both American and Soviet-type from Eastern Europe, to Syrian rebel groups under operation Timber Sycamore. For example Jane's Defence Weekly reported that in December 2015 the U.S. shipped 994 tonnes of weapons and ammunition (including packaging and container weight).[3][4]

Small arms

Model Image Caliber Type Origin Details
Pistols
TT-33 7.62×25mm Tokarev Pistol  Soviet Union
Makarov PM 9×18mm Makarov Pistol  Soviet Union
M1911[5] .45 ACP Pistol  United States
TİSAŞ Zigana C45[6] .45 ACP Pistol  Turkey
Glock 17[citation needed] 9×19mm Parabellum Pistol  Austria
Browning Hi-Power[citation needed] 9×19mm Parabellum Pistol  Belgium
Kral Arms Canas[7] 9 mm Blank pistol  Turkey Blank pistol, possibly converted to fire live rounds.
SIG Sauer P226[citation needed] 9×19mm Parabellum Pistol  Germany
Rifles
Mosin–Nagant[8] File:M1907 Carbine.JPG 7.62×54mmR Bolt-action rifle  Soviet Union Limited usage.
MAS-36[9] 7.5×54mm French Bolt-action rifle  France Limited usage.
M1 Garand[10] .30-06 Springfield Semi-automatic rifle  United States Very limited usage.
SKS[11]

Type 56 carbine[12]		 7.62×39mm Semi-automatic rifle  Soviet Union

 People's Republic of China		 Limited usage.

Chinese copy of SKS. Limited usage.
Heckler & Koch G3[13][14] 7.62×51mm NATO Battle rifle  Germany
 Turkey		 Sourced from Turkey and Saudi Arabia.
FN FAL[14][15][16] 7.62×51mm NATO Battle rifle  Belgium Often used as Marksman Rifle, sourced from Libya and UAE.
M14 rifle[17] 7.62×51mm NATO Battle rifle  United States Rare.
Assault rifles
StG 44[18][19] 7.92×33mm Kurz Assault rifle Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Around 5,000 captured from the Syrian Army, mainly from Syrian stockpiles. Very limited usage.
AK-47[3] 7.62×39mm Assault rifle  Soviet Union
AKM File:Akm rifle fullstock.jpg 7.62×39mm Assault rifle  Soviet Union
Type 56 File:Norinco type 56.jpg 7.62×39mm Assault rifle  People's Republic of China Chinese variant of the Russian AK-47 and AKM.
Zastava M70 7.62×39mm Assault rifle  Yugoslavia Yugoslavian variant of the Russian AK-47 and AKM.
PM md. 63 7.62×39mm Assault rifle Romania Socialist Republic of Romania
AMD 65[citation needed] 7.62×39mm Assault rifle Hungary Hungarian People's Republic
vz. 58[20] 7.62×39mm Assault Rifle Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
AK-104 7.62×39mm Assault rifle  Russia
AK-74 5.45×39mm Assault rifle  Soviet Union
FB Tantal 5.45×39mm Assault rifle  Poland
M16 5.56×45mm NATO Assault rifle  United States Used by Division 30, the New Syrian Army,Al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield rebels
M4[14] 5.56×45mm NATO Assault rifle  United States
M14 EBR[21] 7.62×51mm NATO Designated marksman rifle  United States
Norinco CQ 5.56×45mm NATO Assault rifle  People's Republic of China
FAMAS[22] 5.56×45mm NATO Assault rifle  France Limited usage.
Heckler & Koch G36[citation needed] 5.56×45mm NATO Assault rifle  Germany
SIG SG 540[citation needed] File:SG 540 Manurhin.jpg 5.56×45mm NATO Assault rifle  Switzerland
Steyr AUG[15] 5.56×45mm NATO Assault rifle  Austria

 Australia		 Origin unclear; serial numbers removed. Used by Syrian Opposition special forces[23][24]
Sniper rifles
Steyr SSG 69[25] 7.62×51mm NATO Sniper rifle  Austria
Dragunov SVD 7.62×54mmR Sniper rifle  Soviet Union
Zastava M91 7.62×54mmR Sniper rifle  Yugoslavia
PSL 7.62×54mmR
7.62×51mm NATO		 Designated marksman rifle Romania Socialist Republic of Romania
Tabuk Sniper Rifle 7.62×39mm Designated marksman rifle  Iraq
OSV-96[26] 12.7×108mm Anti-materiel rifle  Russia
M99[27] 12.7×108mm Anti-materiel rifle  People's Republic of China Supplied by Qatar.[28]
Sayad-2 .50 BMG Anti-materiel rifle  Iran Unlicensed Iranian produced copy of the Steyr HS .50.
Captured from the Syrian Army.[29]
PTRS-41[30] 14.5×114mm Anti-tank rifle  Soviet Union
Submachine guns
Sa vz. 23[31] 7.62×25mm Tokarev Submachine gun Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
MAB 38[32] 9×19mm Parabellum Submachine Gun Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of Italy
Uzi[33] 9×19mm Parabellum Submachine Gun  Israel Rare.
Beretta M12[citation needed] 9×19mm Parabellum Submachine Gun  Italy
Machine guns
FN MAG[34] 7.62×51mm General-purpose machine gun  Belgium
RPD[35] 7.62×39mm Light machine gun  Soviet Union
RPK[36] 5.45×39mm Light machine gun  Soviet Union
PK[3] 7.62×54mmR General-purpose machine gun  Soviet Union
Zastava M84[citation needed] 7.62×54mmR General-purpose machine gun  Yugoslavia Yugoslavian copy of the PK.
MG-34[17] 7.92×57mm Mauser General-purpose machine gun Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Captured from some Syrian stockpiles. Very rare usage.
M240B[37] 7.62×51mm NATO General-purpose machine gun Belgium Belgium Used by the NSA and al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield forces
DShK[3]

Type 54 HMG		 File:Doushka desert.jpg 12.7×108mm Heavy machine gun  Soviet Union

 People's Republic of China		 Often mounted on technicals.

Chinese copy of DShK.
NSV 12.7×108mm Heavy machine gun  Soviet Union
W85[38] 12.7×108mm Heavy machine gun  People's Republic of China
KPV[39] 14.5×114mm Heavy machine gun  Soviet Union Often mounted on technicals.
GShG-7.62 7.62×54mmR Gatling-type rotary cannon  Soviet Union
M2 Browning[40][41][42][37] .50 BMG  United States Used by US-backed FSA groups, including the al-Mu'tasim Brigade and the Hamza Division.
M1919 Browning[43] Medium machine gun  United States

Grenades, grenade launchers and explosives

Model Image Diameter Type Origin Details
F1[citation needed] 55 mm Hand grenade  Soviet Union
Mk 2 grenade[44] 59 mm Hand grenade  United States
M26 grenade[citation needed] 57 mm Hand grenade  United States
RGD-5[citation needed] 58 mm Hand grenade  Soviet Union
OHG-92[45] 65mm[46] Hand grenade  Switzerland Grenades originally delivered to the United Arab Emirates in 2003–2004 and then given to Jordan in 2004. Unclear how the hand grenades reached the Syrian rebels.[47]
AGS-17[48] 30×29mm grenade Automatic grenade launcher  Soviet Union
Type 87[49] 35×32mm grenade Automatic grenade launcher  People's Republic of China
Mark 19 grenade launcher[50] 40×53mm grenade Automatic grenade launcher  United States Supplied by the USA.
RBG-6[51][52][53] 40×46mm grenade Grenade launcher  Croatia Croatian-produced copy of South African Milkor MGL. Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[54]
Arsenal MSGL[55] 40×46mm grenade Grenade launcher  Bulgaria
FN 303 18 mm Riot gun  Belgium Used by Free Syrian Police.[citation needed]
IED[56] Improvised explosive device Syria/ Syria
Molotov cocktail[56] Incendiary device Syria/ Syria

Anti-tank weapons

Model Image Diameter Type Origin Details
Shoulder-fired missiles
SPG-82[57] 82 mm Anti-tank rocket launcher  Soviet Union
RPG-2[citation needed] 82 mm Recoilless rifle[58]  Soviet Union
RPG-7[3] 40 mm (launcher only, warhead diameter varies) Rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union
RPG-18[59] 64 mm Rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union
RPG-22[52] 72.5 mm Rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[54]
RPG-26[60] 72.5 mm Rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union
RPG-29[61] 105 mm Rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union
RPG-75[62] 68 mm Rocket-propelled grenade  Czechoslovakia
M72 LAW[16] 66 mm Anti-tank rocket launcher  United States Turkish HAR-66 (LAW copy) supllied by turkey
M79 Osa[52][63] 90 mm Anti-tank rocket launcher  Yugoslavia Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[54]
RBR-120 mm M90[64] 120 mm Anti-tank rocket launcher  Serbia
Anti-tank guided weapons
9M14 Malyutka[65] 125 mm Wire-guided anti-tank missile  Soviet Union Designated AT-3 Sagger by NATO.
9K111 Fagot[3][66] 120 mm Wire-guided anti-tank missile  Soviet Union Designated AT-4 Spigot by NATO.
9M113 Konkurs[3][67] 135 mm Wire-guided anti-tank missile  Soviet Union Captured from the Syrian Army and supplied by Saudi Arabia.[68] Designated AT-5 Spandrel by NATO.
9K115-2 Metis-M[69] 130 mm Wire-guided anti-tank missile  Russia Designated AT-13 Saxhorn-2 by NATO.
9M133 Kornet[70] 152 mm Wire-guided anti-tank missile  Russia Designated AT-14 Spriggan by NATO.
HJ-8[71][72] 120 mm Wire-guided anti-tank missile  People's Republic of China Supplied by Qatar.[73]
MILAN[74] 115 mm Wire-guided anti-tank missile  France

 Germany		 Captured from the Syrian Army.[75] Some supplied by Qatar, Libya or Greece.[76]
BGM-71 TOW[77] 152 mm Wire-guided anti-tank missile  United States Allegedly supplied by the U.S., but origin remains unclear; serial numbers removed.[78] The TOW missile system has seen extensive use during the Hama Offensive by Syrian opposition forces, mainly against armoured vehicles from both the SAA and NDF.

Anti-aircraft weapons

Model Image Diameter Type Origin Details
Towed anti-aircraft guns
ZU-23-2[79] 23 mm Autocannon  Soviet Union Often mounted on technicals.
37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)[80] 37 mm Autocannon  Soviet Union Mounted on technicals.
57 mm AZP S-60[81] 57 mm Autocannon  Soviet Union
ZPU[56] 14.5×114mm Anti-aircraft gun  Soviet Union Based on the Soviet 14.5 mm KPV heavy machine gun. Often mounted on tecnicals.
Hispano-Suiza HS.820[citation needed] 20 mm Autocannon Francoist Spain Spain
M 1980/88[citation needed] 30 mm Autocannon  Romania
Self-propelled air defense
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"[82] 23 mm Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun  Soviet Union Often used against ground targets in urban environments.
9K33 Osa[83] 209.6 mm 9M33 missile Amphibious SAM system  Soviet Union Two captured from the Syrian Armed Forces and used by Jaysh al-Islam.
Man-portable air-defense systems
FN-6[84] 72 mm  People's Republic of China Supplied by Qatar.[85]
9K32 Strela-2[86] 72 mm Man-portable air-defense system  Soviet Union Designated SA-7 Grail by NATO.
9K310 Igla-1[87] 72 mm Man-portable air-defense system  Soviet Union Designated SA-16 Gimlet by NATO.
9K338 Igla-S[88] 72 mm Man-portable air-defense system  Soviet Union Designated SA-24 Grinch by NATO.

Artillery

Model Image Caliber Type Origin Details
Mortars
82-BM-37[citation needed] 82 mm Infantry mortar  Soviet Union
2B9M Vasilek[89] 82 mm Gun-mortar  Soviet Union Possible Chinese copy (W99).
At least one in use by Ansar al-Sham. Unclear origin.[89]
Improvised mortars File:Ahrar al-Sham hell cannons.jpg Various Improvised mortar Syria/ Syria
Field artillery
10.5 cm leFH 18M 105 mm Howitzer Nazi Germany Nazi Germany
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) 122mm Howitzer  Soviet Union Captured during Ramouseh Artillery Base assault by Jaish al Fateh
D-30[90] 122 mm Howitzer  Soviet Union Captured from the Syrian Army
"Hell cannon"[91] Various Improvised howitzer Syria Syria Improvised howitzer that fires propane gas cylinders.
Originated with the Ahrar al-Shamal Brigades, now used widely.
M-46[39] 130 mm Field gun  Soviet Union
180 mm gun S-23[92] 180mm Heavy Gun  Soviet Union Captured during Ramouseh Artillery Base assault by Jaish al Fateh
152 mm howitzer 2A65 152mm Howitzer  Soviet Union
Self-propelled artillery
2S1 Gvozdika[93] 122 mm Self propelled howitzer  Soviet Union Armed with D-30 howitzer.
2S3 Akatsiya[94] 152.4 mm Self propelled howitzer  Soviet Union Armed with D-22 howitzer.
Recoilless rifles
B-10[95]

Type 65		 82 mm Recoilless rifle  Soviet Union

 People's Republic of China

Chinese copy of B-10.
M60[52] Recoilless rifle  Yugoslavia Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[54]
M40[96] 105 mm Recoilless rifle  United States Possible Iranian copy.
Carl Gustav 84mm[97] 84 mm Recoilless rifle  Sweden
SPG-9[98] 73 mm Recoilless rifle  Soviet Union
Rocket artillery
Type 63[69] 106.7 mm Multiple rocket launcher  People's Republic of China Possible Iranian copy.[99]
RAK-12[100][101][102] 128 mm Multiple rocket launcher  Croatia Croatian built version of Yugoslavian M-63 Plamen with 12
rocket tubes instead of the original 32. Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[54]
Katyusha[103][104][105] Multiple Rocket Launcher  Soviet Union
BM-21 Grad[106][107] 122 mm Multiple rocket launcher  Soviet Union Initially captured from the Syrian Army,[108] later supplied by Saudi Arabia from Bulgaria.[109]
Grad-P 122 mm Light portable rocket system  Soviet Union
Improvised rocket launchers[56] Various Rocket launcher Syria/ Syria
Khaibar 302 mm Multiple rocket launcher  China

Syria Syria

Tanks and armoured vehicles

Model Image Type Origin Details
T-54[110] Medium tank
Main battle tank		  Soviet Union Captured from the Syrian Army, at least one operated by the al-Tawhid Brigade and the Conquest Brigade as of September 2013.
T-55 [111] Medium tank
Main battle tank		  Soviet Union Captured from the Syrian Army.
T-62[112] Main battle tank  Soviet Union Captured from the Syrian Army.
T-72[113] Main battle tank  Soviet Union Captured from the Syrian Army. At least 8 operated by Jaysh al-Islam.
Liwa Dawood had another 6, now owned by ISIL.[114]
T-90[115] Main battle tank  Russia 1 operated by Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki, captured from the Syrian Army.
BMP-1 Infantry fighting vehicle  Soviet Union Captured from the Syrian Army.
BVP-1 AMB-S [116] File:Syrian BVP-1 AMB-S.png Field ambulance  Czechoslovakia Captured from the Syrian Army.
BMP-2 Infantry fighting vehicle  Soviet Union Two BMP-2s were captured from Syrian Army when FSA overran Aleppo's Infantry School and another was destroyed in the fight for Aleppo's Central Prison.[117]
BTR-60PB[118] Wheeled amphibious armoured personnel carrier  Soviet Union Captured from the Syrian Army.
BRDM-2[119] Amphibious armoured scout car  Soviet Union Captured from the Syrian Army.
Humvee[120] Armored car  United States some captured from ISIS and YPG/SDF.
Improvised fighting vehicles Improvised fighting vehicle Syria Syria Examples are the Sham 1 armored pickup truck and the Sham 2 armored car
used by the Al-Ansar Brigade.[121]
Safir[citation needed] Off-road military light utility vehicle  Iran Captured from the Hezbollah.

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  110. ^ Tell Rifaat Information Office (13 September 2013). "A T-54 tank seen during a joint military parade between the Tawhid Brigade and the Conquest Brigade in Tell Rifaat".
  111. ^ "Video footage of rebel T-55 tank". YouTube. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  112. ^ Brown Moses. "Video footage of Free Syrian Army using T-62 tank". Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  113. ^ "Picture of a captured T-72 tank used by rebels".
  114. ^ Oryx. "Syria's Steel Beasts: The T-72". Bellingcat. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  115. ^ @QalaatAlMudiq (June 10, 2016). "Huge. Among the spoils Zinki made in Mallah: a T-90 seized from pro-Regime forces. N. #Alepp" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  116. ^ Thiqa Agency. "وكالة ثقة - كلمة لقائد جيش المجاهدين المقدم أبوبكر في الخطوط الأولى بجبهة الملاح". Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  117. ^ Oryx. "Onwards to the front, Syria's BMPs". Oryx. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  118. ^ "بعض من الغنائم داخل الكتائب التي تم السيطرة عليها في مدينة نوى بمحافظة درعا - YouTube". YouTube. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  119. ^ "Video of BRDM-2 captured by rebels". Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  120. ^ "SDF Preparing 'Security Forces' To Keep Control Over Raqqa". 25 May 2017.
  121. ^ More Syrian rebel DIY weapons. 20 February 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
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