List of woods
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a different lists of woods, in particular those most commonly used in the timber and lumber trade.
See also: woods (golf clubs), forest, and the list of forests.
Contents |
Softwoods (conifers) [edit]
- Araucaria
- Hoop Pine (Aus.) Araucaria cunninghamii
- Parana Pine (Brazil) Araucaria angustifolia
- Pehuén or Chile Pine Araucaria araucana
- Cedar (Cedrus); also applied to a number of woods from trees in the Cypress family mainly in North America, see Red Cedar, Whitecedar and Yellow-Cedar in Softwoods, and to woods from some relatives of the mahogany, see Spanish-cedar and Australian Red Cedar in Hardwoods.
- Celery Top Pine (Phyllocladus aspleniifolius)
- Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
- Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
- Bald Cypress or Southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
- Alerce
- Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
- Lawson's Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
- Mediterranean Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
- Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
- Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)
- Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
- European Yew (Taxus baccata)
- Fir (Abies)
- Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)
- Silver Fir (Abies alba)
- Noble Fir (Abies procera)
- Pacific Silver Fir (Abies amabilis)
- Hemlock (Tsuga)
- Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
- Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
- Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
- Huon Pine, Macquarie Pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii)
- Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
- Kauri (Queensland, Australia) (Agathis robusta)
- Kaya (Torreya nucifera)
- Larch (Larix)
- European Larch (Larix decidua)
- Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi)
- Tamarack Larch or Tamarack (Larix laricina)
- Western Larch (Larix occidentalis)
- Pine (Pinus; Many woods are incorrectly called "Pine". See Araucaria and Douglas-fir above)
- Corsican pine (Pinus nigra)
- Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana)
- Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta subsp latifolia)
- Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata)
- Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
- Red Pine (N.Am.) (Pinus resinosa)
- Scots Pine, Red pine (UK), Red deal (UK), Redwood (UK, obsolete) (Pinus sylvestris)
- White Pine in (N.Am.), Yellow or Weymouth pine (UK, obsolete)
- Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
- Western White Pine (Pinus monticola)
- Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana)
- Southern Yellow pine (US)
- Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)
- Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)
- Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata)
- "Redcedar"
- Eastern Redcedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
- Western redcedar (Thuja plicata)
- Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
- Rimu (New Zealand) (Dacrydium cupressinum)
- Spruce (Picea)
- Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
- Black Spruce (Picea mariana)
- Red Spruce (Picea rubens)
- Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)
- White Spruce (Picea glauca)
- Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
- "Whitecedar"
- Northern Whitecedar (Thuja occidentalis)
- Southern Whitecedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
- "Yellow-cedar" (Nootka Cypress Callitropsis nootkatensis, formerly Chamaecyparis nootkatensis)
Hardwoods (angiosperms) [edit]
- African Zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis)
- Afzelia or Doussie ('Afzelia africana)
- Agba or Tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)
- Alder (Alnus)
- Applewood or crabapple (Malus sylvestris)
- Ash (Fraxinus)
- Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
- Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
- Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
- Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
- Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia) [1]
- Pumpkin ash (F. profunda) [1]
- White ash (Fraxinus americana)
- Aspen (Populus)
- Bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata)
- European aspen (Populus tremula)
- Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
- Australian Red Cedar (Toona ciliata)
- Ayan or Movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)
- Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
- Basswood
- American basswood (Tilia americana) [1]
- White basswood (T. heterophylla) [1]
- Beech (Fagus)
- European Beech (Fagus sylvatica)
- American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
- Birch (Betula)
- American birches
- Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
- River birch (B. nigra)
- Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
- Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
- Yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis syn Betula lutea) - most common birch wood sold in N.Am.
- European birches, also Baltic birch (N.Am.)
- Silver birch (Betula pendula)
- White Birch (Betula pubescens)
- American birches
- Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
- Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
- Blackwood
- Australian Blackwood also Tasmanian Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
- African Blackwood or Mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
- Bloodwood (Brosimum paraense)
- Bocote (Cordia alliodora)
- Boxelder (Acer negundo)
- Boxwood or Box (Buxus sempervirens)
- Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
- Bubinga (Guibourtia)
- Buckeye (Aesculus)
- Common Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
- Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
- Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus flava syn. Aesculus octandra)
- Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
- Camphor Laurel, Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
- Carapa (or Andiroba, Carap, Crappo, Crabwood and Santa Maria) (Carapa guianensis) .
- Catalpa (Catalpa)
- Cherry (Prunus)
- Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
- Red cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
- Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
- "Brazilian Cherry" Not a Cherry See Jatobá
- Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
- Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
- Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
- Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
- Cottonwood
- Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
- Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
- Plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii)
- Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
- Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)
- Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
- Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
- Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
- Ebony (Diospyros)
- Andaman marble-wood (India) (Diospyros kurzii)
- Ebène marbre (Mauritius, E. Africa) (Diospyros melanida)
- Gabon ebony, Black ebony, African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora)
- Elm
- American elm (Ulmus americana)
- English elm (Ulmus procera)
- Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
- Slippery or Red elm (Ulmus rubra)
- Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
- Eucalyptus (See Eucalyptus)
- Lyptus
- White Mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides)
- Brown Mallet (Eucalyptus astringens)[2]
- Banglay, Southern Mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides)
- River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
- Karri (W. Australia) (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
- Blue Gum, Tasmanian Blue Gum, Southern Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
- Flooded Gum, Rose Gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
- York Gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba)[2]
- Jarrah or West Australian eucalyptus (Eucalyptus marginata)
- Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys)
- Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata)
- Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis)
- Tasmanian oak or Mountain ash, (Eucalyptus regnans, Eucalyptus obliqua and Eucalyptus delegatensis)
- Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera)
- Swamp Mahogany, Swamp Messmate (Eucalyptus robusta)
- Blue Gum, Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna)
- Ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon)
- Redwood (Eucalyptus transcontinentalis)[2]
- Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo)[2]
- Goncalo Alves (Astronium spp.)
- Greenheart (Guyana) (Chlorocardium rodiei)
- Grenadilla (Mpingo) (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
- Gum
- Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
- Hickory (Carya)
- Mockernut hickory (Carya alba)
- Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
- Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
- Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
- Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
- Hornbeam (Carpinus species)
- Hophornbeam, Eastern (Ostrya virginiana)
- Ipê or Poui (Tabebuia)
- Iroko (Milicia excelsa syn Chlorophora excelsa)
- Ironwood refers to the wood of many tree species noted for the hardness of their wood. Trees commonly known as ironwoods include:
- Bangkirai, also known as Balau.
- Carpinus caroliniana — also known as American hornbeam
- Casuarina equisetifolia — Common Ironwood from Australia
- Choricbangarpia subargentea
- Copaifera spp.
- Eusideroxylon zwageri
- Guajacum officinale and Guajacum sanctum — Lignum vitae
- Hopea odorata
- Ipe also known as Brazilian Walnut.
- Krugiodendron ferreum — Black Ironwood
- Lebombo ironwood Androstachys johnsonii
- Lyonothamnus lyonii (L. floribundus) — Catalina Ironwood
- Mesua ferrea — also known as Rose Chestnut or Ceylon Ironwood, from Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia
- Olea spp. — various olive trees
- Olneya tesota — Desert Ironwood
- Ostrya virginiana — Hop hornbeam
- Parrotia persica — Persian Ironwood
- Pau ferro; Caesalpinia; also known as Leopard tree: Common Ironwood from Brazil
- Tabebuia serratifolia — Yellow Lapacho
- Jacaranda brasiliana
- Jacarandá, Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra)
- Jacareuba, Guanandi; names of Santamaria Calophyllum brasiliense
- Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
- Kingwood (wood) (Dalbergia cearensis)
- Lacewood from the Sycamore (N.Am.) or Plane (UK) trees (Platanus species); may also refer to Grevillea robusta sold in North America
- Laurel, California (Umbellularia californica)
- Limba (Terminalia superba)
- Lignum vitae (Guaiacum officinale and Guaiacum sanctum)
- Locust
- Black locust or Yellow locust (Robinia pseudacacia)
- Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
- Mahogany
- "True" or Genuine Mahoganies[3]
- West Indies Mahogany, Cuban Mahogany, Jamaican Mahogany, Madeira (Swietenia mahagoni)
- Bigleaf Mahogany, Honduras Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
- Pacific Coast Mahogany (Swietenia humilis)
- Other timber sometimes called "Mahogany"
- African Mahogany, Khaya
- Chinese Mahogany (Toona sinensis)
- Indian Mahogany, Australian Red Cedar (Toona ciliata)
- Philippine Mahogany
- "True" or Genuine Mahoganies[3]
- Maple (Acer)
- Hard Maple (N.Am.)
- Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
- Black maple (Acer nigrum)
- Soft Maple (N.Am.)
- Manitoba maple (Acer negundo)
- Red maple (Acer rubrum)
- Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
- European Maples
- Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
- Hard Maple (N.Am.)
- Marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum)
- Marri, Red Gum (Corymbia calophylla)
- Meranti (Shorea spp.)
- Merbau (Intsia bijuga)
- Mpingo (Grenadilla) (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
- Oak (Quercus)
- American White Oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
- Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
- White oak (Quercus alba)
- Post oak (Quercus stellata)
- Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
- Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
- Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
- Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus or Q. Montana)
- Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
- Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
- Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
- English oak, also French and Slavonian oak barrels (Quercus robur and sometimes Quercus petraea)
- Red oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
- Red oak (Quercus rubra)
- Black oak (Quercus velutina)
- Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
- Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
- Water oak (Quercus nigra)
- Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
- Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana or Q. nuttallii)
- "Tasmanian oak"; Not an oak see Eucalyptus above
- Australian "Silky oak"; Not an oak see Grevillea robusta
- American White Oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
- Obeche or Samba, Ayous, Arere, Wana, Abache (West Africa) (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
- Okoumé or "Gaboon" (Aucoumea klaineana)
- Olive (Olea europaea)
- Oregon Myrtle or California Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)
- Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)
- Palisander (Dalbergia)
- Pear (Pyrus communis)
- Pernambuco is another name for Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
- Pink Ivory (Berchemia Zeyheri)
- Poplar (Populus; in N.Am., wood sold as poplar is usually Yellow-poplar — see below)
- Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
- Black poplar (Populus nigra)
- Hybrid poplar (Populus × canadensis)
- Yellow poplar or Tulip (Liriodendron tulipifera)
- Purple Heart (Peltogyne or Purple Heart wood.)
- Queensland Maple (Flindersia brayleyana)
- Queensland Walnut, Australian Walnut (Endiandra palmerstonii)
- Ramin
- Redheart (Erythroxylon mexicanum)
- Redgum or Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) (for other "gums" see Eucalyptus)
- Red cedar (Toona ciliata)
- Rosewood (Dalbergia spp.)
- Phayung or Siamese Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)
- Sal (Shorea robusta)
- Sandalwood (Santalum)
- Santamaria (Calophyllum brasiliense)
- Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum)
- Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
- Satinwood (Ceylon) (Chloroxylon swietenia)
- Sheoak (Allocasuarina spp.)
- Silky Oak (Grevillea robusta)
- Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata)
- Snakewood
- Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
- Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
- Surian Cedar (Toona ciliata)
- American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
- Tambotie (Spirostachys africana)
- Teak (Tectona grandis)
- Tupelo gum (Nyssa aquatica)
- Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)
- Walnut (Juglans)
- Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
- Persian Walnut (Juglans regia)
- Brazilian walnut; Not a walnut see Ipe above.
- Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
- Willow (Salix)
- Black willow (Salix nigra)
- Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Coerulea')
- White willow (Salix alba)
- Weeping willow ('Salix babylonica)
Hardwoods (monocotyledons) [edit]
- Bamboo (a number of species in Tribe: Bambuseae)
- Coconut timber (Cocos nucifera) is 'new' wood source that is increasingly being used as an ecologically sound alternative to endangered hardwoods.
-
- siluvos wood
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ a b c d Robert Summit, Alan Sliker. 1980. "Handbook of Materials Science, Volume IV: Wood". Florida: CRC Press, Inc.
- ^ a b c d Denham, Ryan (1999). "Specialty Timbers for the Western Australian Wheatbelt" (PDF). Farmnote 80/99. Department of Agriculture Western Australia. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
- ^ the editors of Fine woodworking. In the 18th century style: building furniture inspired by the classical tradition (in English). USA: The Taunton Press. pp. 36–43. ISBN 1-56158-397-9.
External links [edit]
- National Hardwood and Lumber Association
- American Hardwood Information Center
- American Hardwood Export Council
- Australian National Association of Forest Industries
- Canadian Wood Group
- FSC Lesser Known Tropical Wood Index
- Database of Wood Species
- NCSU Inside Wood project
- Reproduction of The American Woods: exhibited by actual specimens and with copious explanatory text by Romeyn B. Hough
- US Forest Products Laboratory, "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook PDF 916K
- International Wood Collectors Society
- Xiloteca Manuel Soler (One of the largest private collection of wood samples)
- African Timber Export Statistics
