Mingrui

**Mingrui**
明瑞
Mingrui ; 明瑞
Died	March 1768; near Pyinoolwin, Kingdom of Myanmar
Allegiance	Qing dynasty
Service / branch	Bannerman Army
Years of service	17?–1768
Rank	General of Ili; Governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou
Commands	Burma Campaign (1767–1768)
Battles / wars	Sino-Burmese War (1765–1769) (1767–1768)

Mingrui (Chinese: 明瑞, Manchu: ᠮᡳᠩᡧᡠᡳ, mingšui, Template:Lang-my, Burmese pronunciation: [mɪ́ɰ̃ jwì]; (? – March 1768) was the first General of Ili from October 1762 to March 1767 and then Governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou from April 1767 to March 1768. A son-in-law of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, Mingrui was appointed by the emperor to lead a 50,000-strong invasion force led by the elite Manchu Bannermen in the third campaign of the Qing invasions of Burma. While his 1767–1768 campaign was the most successful of the four invasions by the Chinese, his army was annihilated at the Battle of Maymyo in March 1768.^[1]^[2] He committed suicide, and sent in his queue to the emperor as a token of loyalty.^[3] The Qianglong emperor ordered Manchu general Eledeng'e (also spelled E'erdeng'e (額爾登額) or possibly 額爾景額) to be sliced to death after his commander Mingrui was defeated at the Battle of Maymyo in 1768 because Eledeng'i was not able to help flank Mingrui when he did not arrive at a rendezvous.^[4]

He was a nephew of Fuheng, the chief grand councilor to the emperor, who led the last and final campaign of 1769.

References

^ Thant Myint-U (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps--Histories of Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6.
^ Charles Patterson Giersch (2006). Asian borderlands: the transformation of Qing China's Yunnan frontier. Harvard University Press. pp. 100–110. ISBN 0674021711.
^ Htin Aung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 178–179.
^ Dai, Yingcong. “A Disguised Defeat: The Myanmar Campaign of the Qing Dynasty.” Modern Asian Studies, vol. 38, no. 1, 2004, p. 178. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3876499?seq=34#metadata_info_tab_contents Accessed 25 Jan. 2020.

Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Ming-jui" . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.

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[rlf-103-1] Thant Myint-U (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps--Histories of Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6.

[cpg-2] Charles Patterson Giersch (2006). Asian borderlands: the transformation of Qing China's Yunnan frontier. Harvard University Press. pp. 100–110. ISBN 0674021711.

[3] Htin Aung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 178–179.

[4] Dai, Yingcong. “A Disguised Defeat: The Myanmar Campaign of the Qing Dynasty.” Modern Asian Studies, vol. 38, no. 1, 2004, p. 178. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3876499?seq=34#metadata_info_tab_contents Accessed 25 Jan. 2020.

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