Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī

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The Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī or Mahākaruṇā Dhāraṇī, popularly known as the Great Compassion Mantra in English (Chinese: 大悲咒 Dàbēi Zhòu; Japanese: 大悲心陀羅尼 Daihishin-darani or 大悲呪 Daihi-ju; Vietnamese: Chú đại bi or Đại bi tâm đà la ni; Korean: 신묘장구대다라니 (hanja: 神妙章句大陀羅尼) sinmyo-janggu-daedalani), is a Mahayana Buddhist dhāraṇī. It was spoken by the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara before an assembly of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, devas and kings, according to the Mahakarunikacitta Sutra. Like the now popular six-syllable mantra om mani padme hum, it is a popular mantra synonymous with Avalokiteśvara - specifically, his thousand-armed form - in East Asia. It is often used for protection or purification. In Japan, it is especially associated with Zen, being revered and recited in Zen schools such as Sōtō or Rinzai.

Versions

Thousand-armed Avalokiteśvara, crimson and gilded wood. Restored in 1656 CE. Bút Tháp Temple, Bắc Ninh Province, Vietnam

Various different recensions of this dhāraṇī are in existence, which can be classified into two main versions: the shorter text and the longer text.

Chinese

The text currently considered to be the standard in most of East Asia is the shorter version, specifically the one found in the so-called 'Sūtra of the Vast, Perfect, Unimpeded Great-Compassionate Heart of the Thousand-Handed Thousand-Eyed Bodhisattva Avalokitasvara's Dhāraṇī' (Chinese: 千手千眼觀世音菩薩廣大圓滿無礙大悲心陀羅尼經; pinyin: Qiānshǒu qiānyǎn Guānshìyīn púsà guǎngdà yuánmǎn wúài dàbēixīn tuóluóní jīng； T. 1060, K. 0294) translated by a monk from western India named Bhagavaddharma (Chinese: 伽梵達摩; pinyin: Jiāfàndámó, birth and death dates unknown) between 650-660 CE.[1]

Twelve scrolls of Nīlakaṇṭha Lokeśvara texts in Chinese were found at Dunhuang along the Silk Road in today's Gansu province of China.[2] One of the texts contains a colophon at the end: "Translated at Khotan by the śramaṇa Bhagavaddharma of Western India" (西天竺伽梵達摩沙門於于闐譯).[3][1] The milieu of this transliteration is evident from Bhagavaddharma's rendering of the word Nīlakaṇṭha as 'Narakindi' (Chinese: 那囉謹墀; pinyin: Nàluōjǐnchí), a Central Asian form of the Sanskrit word.[4]

Other notable Chinese versions of the dhāraṇī include:

  • Two versions by or attributed to esoteric Buddhist teacher Vajrabodhi: (1) 'Copy of the Vast, Perfect, Unimpeded Great-Compassionate Heart of the Thousand-Handed Thousand-Eyed Bodhisattva Avalokitasvara's Dhāraṇī' (Chinese: 千手千眼觀自在菩薩廣大圓滿無礙大悲心陀羅尼咒本; pinyin: Qiānshǒu qiānyǎn Guānzìzài púsà guǎngdà yuánmǎn wúài dàbēixīn tuóluóní zhòu běn; T. 1061) and (2) 'Ritual Recitation Manual on the Vajraśekhara Yoga on the Great Compassionate King Nīlakaṇṭha Avalokiteśvara' (Chinese: 金剛頂瑜伽青頸大悲王觀自在念誦儀軌; pinyin: Jīngāngdǐng yújiā qīngjǐng dàbēiwáng Guānzìzài niànsòng yí guǐ; T. 1112) The former contains a Chinese transliteration of the dhāraṇī and its corresponding Sanskrit version (in Siddhaṃ script), with the latter being an esoteric ritual manual.[5]
  • Three versions of the dhāraṇī proper by or attributed to Vajrabodhi's disciple Amoghavajra: (1) The Thousand-Handed Thousand-Eyed Bodhisattva Avalokitasvara's Great-Compassionate Heart Dhāraṇī (Chinese: 千手千眼觀世音菩薩大悲心陀羅尼; pinyin: Qiānshǒu qiānyǎn Guānshìyīn púsà dàbēixīn tuóluóní; T. 1064) is an extract from Bhagavaddharma's version, with interlinear glosses and an accompanying explanation of the forty hands (forty standing for the full number of one thousand) of the Thousand-armed Avalokiteśvara, each with a mantra of its own; (2) Sutra of the Bodhisattva Nīlakaṇṭha Avalokiteśvara's Heart Dhāraṇī (Chinese: 青頸觀自在菩薩心陀羅尼經; pinyin: Qīngjǐng Guānzìzài púsà xīn tuóluóní jīng; T. 1111) is a new transliteration, followed by a description of the iconography of Nīlakaṇṭha-Avalokiteśvara and his particular mudra; and (3) The Greatly Merciful (and) Greatly Compassionate Bodhisattva Avalokitasvara-lokeśvararāja's Vast, Perfect, Unimpeded Great-Compassionate Heart of Nīlakaṇṭheśvara Dharani (Chinese: 大慈大悲救苦觀世音自在王菩薩廣大圓滿無礙自在青頸大悲心陀羅尼; pinyin: Dàcí dàbēi jiùkǔ Guānshìyīn zìzàiwáng púsà guǎngdà yuánmǎn wúài zìzài qīngjǐng dàbēixīn tuóluóní; T. 1113b) is a Sanskrit (Siddhaṃ)-Chinese interlinear version with glosses.[1]
  • A version of the dhāraṇī proper by 14th century by Dhyānabhadra (Chinese: 指空; pinyin: Zhǐkōng, died 1363) with the title Dhāraṇī of the Vast, Perfect, Unimpeded Great-Compassionate Heart of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (Chinese: 觀自在菩薩廣大圓滿無礙大悲心陀羅尼; pinyin: Guānzìzài púsà guǎngdà yuánmǎn wúài dàbēixīn tuóluóní; T. 1113a)[6] Unlike the aforementioned versions, Dhyānabhadra's text is based on the longer form of the dhāraṇī.

In addition, there are texts bearing the "Thousand-armed Avalokiteśvara" title, but which feature a completely different dhāraṇī within the text.

  • Two translations by a monk named Zhitōng (智通) made between 627-649, both entitled Sūtra of the Thousand-Eyed Thousand-Armed Bodhisattva Avalokitasvara's Mystic Dhāraṇī (Chinese: 千眼千臂觀世音菩薩陀羅尼神咒經; pinyin: Qiānyǎn qiānbì Guānshìyīn púsà tuóluóní shénzhòu jīng; T. 1057a and 1057b, Nj. 318) This is the earliest of the Chinese "Thousand-armed Avalokiteśvara" sutras. Despite the title, the sutra's dhāraṇī is completely different from the Nīlakaṇṭha dhāraṇī found in other versions.[7]
  • A translation made by north Indian monk Bodhiruci in 709 entitled Sūtra of the Thousand-Handed Thousand-Eyed Bodhisattva-mother Avalokitasvara's Dhāraṇī-body (Chinese: 千手千眼觀世音菩薩姥陀羅尼身經; pinyin: Qiānshǒu qiānyǎn Guānshìyīn púsàmǔ tuóluóní shēn jīng; T. 1058, Nj. 319)[8] Bodhiruci's version contains the same dhāraṇī as Zhitōng's.

A one thousand sentence mantra is found in Fangshan Stone Sutra.[9]

Background

Nīlakaṇṭha-lokeśvara

Lokesh Chandra (1988) opines that the original dhāraṇī was a recitation of the names of the deity (lokeśvara) Nīlakaṇṭha supposedly recited by the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, thereby turning Nīlakaṇṭha into a legitimate Buddhist deity: "Avalokiteśvara was responsible for introducing popular (loka) deities (iśvara) into the Buddhist pantheon by pronouncing their dhāraṇīs which averted evils to the person who obtained his wishes as soon as he recited it (paṭhita-siddhaḥ, Dutt: text 44)."[10]

As late as the 15th century, the tradition knew at least that Avalokiteśvara is portrayed as the locutor of the dhāraṇī, as is clear from a Chinese manual of the liturgical service of the thousand-armed Avalokiteśvara, presented to the Oriental scholar Samuel Beal by the monks of Hoi Tong Monastery (a.k.a. Hai Chwang Temple) on Henan Island. [11][12] Its preface, authored by the Ming emperor Yongle, says thus:

It is reported by Kwan Tseu Tsai Bodhisattva, prompted by her great compassionate heart has engaged herself by a great oath to enter into every one of the innumerable worlds, and bring deliverance to all creatures who inhabit them.
For this purpose she has enunciated the Divine sentences which follow, if properly recited, will render all creatures exempt from the causes of sorrow, and by removing them, render them capable of attaining Supreme Reason.[11]

During the process of transmission, however, Nīlakaṇṭha became increasingly identified with Avalokiteśvara, so that the dhāraṇī eventually became understood as being addressed to Avalokiteśvara as Nīlakaṇṭha, now considered to be one of Avalokiteśvara's various forms or manifestations - most of whom were themselves originally folk deities who were assimilated into Avalokiteśvara upon being integrated in Buddhist belief and practice (e.g. Hayagriva, Cundi, Tara or Mazu; cf. also Shinbutsu-shūgō). [13]

A depiction of Vishnu (Vaikuntha Chaturmurti) showing three faces: lion, human, and boar.

The dhāraṇī proper contains a number of titles associated with the Hindu gods Vishnu (e.g. Hare, Narasiṃha-mukha, gadā- / cakra- / padma-hastā 'the wielder of the mace / discus / lotus') and Shiva (e.g. Nīlakaṇṭha 'the blue-necked one', Śaṅkara, kṛṣṇa-sarpopavita 'one who has a black serpent as his sacred thread'),[14] suggesting that Nīlakaṇṭha was in origin Harihara - a fusion of Vishnu (Hari) and Shiva (Hara) - assimilated into Buddhism.[15][14] This is more explicit in the longer version of the dhāraṇī, where Nīlakaṇṭha is invoked with more names and epithets associated with the two gods such as Tripūra-dahaneśvara 'Lord who destroyed / burnt down Tripūra' (Shiva) or Padmanābha 'lotus-naveled' (Vishnu), as well as a short description of the iconography of Nīlakaṇṭha Avalokiteśvara in Amoghavajra's version, which combines elements from depictions of Shiva and Vishnu.[16]

Nīlakaṇṭha-Avalokiteśvara, from the Besson-zakki, a Japanese (Heian period) compendium of Buddhist iconography. Note the differences between this particular depiction and the description from Amoghavajra: while the four attributes - conch, mace/rod, discus/wheel and lotus - are depicted, the boar and lion faces, the animal skins, and the serpent upavita are omitted.

次當說此青頸觀自在菩薩畫像法。

其像三面。當前正面作慈悲凞怡貌。右邊作師子面。左邊作猪面。
首戴寶冠。冠中有化無量壽佛。
又有四臂。右第一臂執杖。第二臂執把蓮花。左第一執輪。左第二執螺。
以虎皮為裙。以黑鹿皮於左膊角絡。被黑蛇以為神線。
於八葉蓮花上立。瓔珞臂釧鐶珮光焰莊嚴其身。其神線從左膊角絡下。

"Next, here is explained how to depict the bodhisattva Nīlakaṇṭha-lokeśvara.
"He is depicted three-faced: in the center is fashioned a compassionate, serene face, on the right a lion's face, (and) on the left a boar's face.
On his head is placed a crown, (and) within the crown an emanation [i.e. an image] of the buddha Amitāyus.
"In addition, he has four arms: the first right arm holding a rod, the second (right) arm grasping a lotus; the second left (arm) holding a wheel, (and) the second left arm holding a conch.
"Wearing a tiger skin, a black antelope skin draped over his left shoulder, a black serpent is worn as his sacred thread.

Standing on an eight-petaled lotus, the effulgence of necklaces, armlets and ornaments adorn his body; his sacred thread hangs down from the left shoulder."[17]

Texts and translations

Vulgate East Asian text

Besides some differences in dividing the text and a few (very minor) variances in wording, the Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese versions of the dhāraṇī are substantially the same, being based either on the short version by Bhagavaddharma (T. 1060) and/or a similar rendition by Amoghavajra (T. 1113b).[18]

Bhagavaddharma (Taishō Tripiṭaka 1060)

Bhagavaddharma's rendition of the dhāraṇī into Chinese characters are as follows:[19]

南無喝囉怛那哆囉夜㖿(一)　南無阿唎㖿(二)　婆盧羯帝爍鉢囉㖿(三)　菩提薩跢婆㖿(四)　摩訶薩跢婆㖿(五)　摩訶迦盧尼迦㖿(六)　唵(上聲)(七)　薩皤囉罰曳(八)　數怛那怛寫(九)　南無悉吉利埵伊蒙阿唎㖿(十)　婆盧吉帝室佛囉㘄馱婆(十一)　南無那囉謹墀(十二)　醯唎摩訶皤哆沙咩(羊鳴音)(十三)　薩婆阿他豆輸朋(十四)　阿逝孕(十五)　薩婆薩哆那摩婆伽(十六)　摩罰特豆(十七)　怛姪他(十八)　唵阿婆盧醯(十九)　盧迦帝(二十)　迦羅帝(二十一)　夷醯唎(二十二)　摩訶菩提薩埵(二十三)　薩婆薩婆(二十四)　摩羅摩羅(二十五)　摩醯摩醯唎馱孕(二十六)　俱盧俱盧羯懞(二十七)　度盧度盧罰闍耶帝(二十八)　摩訶罰闍耶帝(二十九)　陀羅陀羅(三十)　地利尼(三十一)　室佛囉耶(三十二)　遮羅遮羅(三十三)　摩摩罰摩囉(三十四)　穆帝囇(三十五)　伊醯移醯(三十六)　室那室那(三十七)　阿囉嘇佛囉舍利(三十八)　罰沙罰嘇(三十九)　佛羅舍耶(四十)　呼嚧呼嚧摩囉(四十一)　呼嚧呼嚧醯利(四十二)　娑囉娑囉(四十三)　悉利悉利(四十四)　蘇嚧蘇嚧(四十五)　菩提夜菩提夜(四十六)　菩馱夜菩馱夜(四十七)　彌帝利夜(四十八)　那囉謹墀(四十九)　地唎瑟尼那(五十)　波夜摩那(五十一)　娑婆訶(五十二)　悉陀夜(五十三)　娑婆訶(五十四)　摩訶悉陀夜(五十五)　娑婆訶(五十六)　悉陀喻藝(五十七)　室皤囉耶(五十八)　娑婆訶(五十九)　那囉謹墀(六十)　娑婆訶(六十一)　摩囉那囉(六十二)　娑婆訶(六十三)　悉囉僧阿穆佉耶(六十四)　娑婆訶(六十五)　娑婆摩訶阿悉陀夜(六十六)　娑婆訶(六十七)　者吉囉阿悉陀夜(六十八)　娑婆訶(六十九)　波陀摩羯悉哆夜(七十)　娑婆訶(七十一)　那囉謹墀皤伽囉㖿(七十二)　娑婆訶(七十三)　摩婆利勝羯囉夜(七十四)　娑婆訶(七十五)　南無喝囉怛那哆囉夜耶(七十六)　南無阿唎㖿(七十七)　婆嚧吉帝(七十八)　爍皤囉夜(七十九)　娑婆訶(八十)　唵悉殿都曼哆囉鉢馱耶(八十一)　娑婆訶(八十二)

Amoghavajra (Taishō Tripiṭaka 1113b)

The following is a version of the dhāraṇī attributed to Amoghavajra (T. 1113b) which is mostly similar to that of Bhagavaddharma, albeit with a different way of dividing the text.[20]

南無喝囉怛那哆羅夜㖿(一)　南無阿唎㖿(二)　婆盧羯帝爍鉢囉㖿(三)　菩提薩哆婆㖿(四)　摩訶薩埵婆㖿(五)　摩訶迦嚧昵迦㖿(六)　唵(七)　薩皤囉罰曳(八)　數怛那怛寫(九)　南無悉吉㗚埵伊蒙阿唎耶(十)　婆嚧吉帝室佛楞馱婆(十一)　南無那囉謹墀(十二)　醯唎摩皤哆沙咩(十三)　薩婆阿陀頭輸朋(十四)　阿遊孕(十五)　薩婆菩哆那摩縛伽(十六)　摩罰特豆(十七)　怛姪他(十八)　唵 阿波盧醯盧迦帝(十九)　迦羅帝(二十)　夷醯唎(二十一)　摩訶菩薩埵(二十二)　薩婆薩婆(二十三)　摩囉摩囉摩摩醯摩醯唎馱孕(二十四)　俱嚧俱嚧羯懞(二十五)　度嚧度嚧罰闍耶帝(二十六)　摩訶罰闍耶帝(二十七)　陀羅陀羅(二十八)　地利尼(二十九)　囉耶(三十)　遮羅遮羅(三十一)　摩摩(弟子某甲受持)罰摩羅(三十二)　穆帝曬(三十三)　伊醯移醯(三十四)　室那室那(三十五)　阿囉參佛囉舍利(三十六)　罰沙罰參佛羅舍耶(三十七)　呼嚧呼嚧麼囉(三十八)　呼嚧呼嚧醯利(三十九)　沙囉沙囉(四十)　悉唎悉唎(四十一)　蘇嚧蘇嚧(四十二)　菩提㖿菩提㖿(四十三)　菩提耶菩提耶(四十四)　彌帝唎耶(四十五)　那囉謹墀(四十六)　地唎瑟尼那波夜摩那(四十七)　娑婆訶(四十八)　悉陀夜(四十九)　娑婆訶(五十法語)　摩訶悉陀夜娑婆訶　悉陀喩藝(五十二)　室皤伽囉耶娑婆訶(五十三)　那囉謹墀(五十五)　娑婆訶(五十六)　摩囉那囉(五十七)　娑婆訶(五十八)　悉囉僧阿穆佉耶(五十九)　娑婆訶(六十)　婆摩訶悉陀夜(六十一)　娑婆訶(六十二)　者吉囉阿悉陀夜(六十三)　娑婆訶(六十四)　婆摩羯悉哆夜(六十五)　娑婆訶(六十六)　那囉謹墀皤迦囉夜(六十七)　娑婆訶(六十八)　摩婆唎勝羯夜(六十九)　娑婆訶(七十)　南無喝囉怛那多囉夜耶(七十一)　南無阿唎㖿(七十二)　婆嚧吉帝(七十三)　爍皤囉夜(七十四)　菩提娑婆訶

Chinese version

The current form of the dhāraṇī as written and recited in Chinese Buddhism is as follows.[21][22]

(Traditional)

南無喝囉怛那哆囉夜耶　南無阿唎耶　婆盧羯帝爍缽囉耶　菩提薩埵婆耶　摩訶薩埵婆耶　摩訶迦盧尼迦耶　唵　薩皤囉罰曳　數怛那怛寫　南無悉吉慄埵伊蒙阿唎耶　婆盧吉帝室佛囉愣馱婆　南無那囉謹墀　醯利摩訶皤哆沙咩　薩婆阿他豆輸朋　阿逝孕　薩婆薩哆那摩婆薩哆那摩婆伽　摩罰特豆　怛姪他　唵阿婆盧醯　盧迦帝　迦羅帝　夷醯唎　摩訶菩提薩埵　薩婆薩婆　摩囉摩囉　摩醯摩醯唎馱孕　俱盧俱盧羯蒙　度盧度盧罰闍耶帝　摩訶罰闍耶帝　陀囉陀囉　地唎尼　室佛囉耶　遮囉遮囉　摩麼罰摩囉　穆帝隸　伊醯伊醯　室那室那　阿囉參佛囉舍利　罰沙罰參　佛囉舍耶　呼嚧呼嚧摩囉　呼嚧呼嚧醯利　娑囉娑囉　悉唎悉唎　蘇嚧蘇嚧　菩提夜菩提夜　菩馱夜菩馱夜　彌帝唎夜　那囉謹墀　地利瑟尼那　波夜摩那　娑婆訶　悉陀夜　娑婆訶　摩訶悉陀夜　娑婆訶　悉陀喻藝　室皤囉耶　娑婆訶　那囉謹墀　娑婆訶　摩囉那囉　娑婆訶　悉囉僧阿穆佉耶　娑婆訶　娑婆摩訶阿悉陀夜　娑婆訶　者吉囉阿悉陀夜　娑婆訶　波陀摩羯悉陀夜　娑婆訶　那囉謹墀皤伽囉耶　娑婆訶　摩婆利勝羯囉夜　娑婆訶　南無喝囉怛那哆囉夜耶　南無阿唎耶　婆嚧吉帝　爍皤囉夜　娑婆訶　唵悉殿都漫多囉跋陀耶娑婆訶

(Simplified)

南无喝囉怛那哆囉夜耶　南无阿唎耶　婆卢羯帝烁钵啰耶　菩提薩埵婆耶　摩诃薩埵婆耶　摩诃迦卢尼迦耶　唵　萨皤囉罚曳　数怛那怛写　南无悉吉栗埵伊蒙阿唎耶　婆卢吉帝室佛啰愣驮婆　南无那囉谨墀　醯利摩诃皤哆沙咩　萨婆阿他豆输朋　阿逝孕　萨婆萨哆那摩婆萨哆那摩婆伽　摩罚特豆　怛姪他　唵阿婆卢醯　卢迦帝　迦罗帝　夷醯唎　摩诃菩提薩埵　萨婆萨婆　摩啰摩啰　摩醯摩醯唎驮孕　俱卢俱卢羯蒙　度卢度卢罚闍耶帝　摩诃罚闍耶帝　陀啰陀啰　地唎尼　室佛啰耶　遮啰遮啰　摩么罚摩啰　穆帝隶　伊醯伊醯　室那室那　阿啰参佛啰舍利　罚沙罚参　佛啰舍耶　呼嚧呼嚧摩啰　呼嚧呼嚧醯利　娑囉娑囉　悉唎悉唎　苏嚧苏嚧　菩提夜菩提夜　菩驮夜菩驮夜　弥帝唎夜　那囉谨墀　地利瑟尼那　波夜摩那　娑婆訶　悉陀夜　娑婆诃　摩诃悉陀夜　娑婆訶　悉陀喻艺　室皤囉耶　娑婆訶　那囉谨墀　娑婆訶　摩啰那囉　娑婆訶　悉啰僧阿穆佉耶　娑婆訶　娑婆摩诃阿悉陀夜　娑婆訶　者吉啰阿悉陀夜　娑婆訶　波陀摩羯悉陀夜　娑婆訶　那囉谨墀皤伽囉耶　娑婆訶　摩婆利胜羯啰夜　娑婆訶　南无喝囉怛那哆囉夜耶　南无阿唎耶　婆嚧吉帝　烁皤囉夜　娑婆訶　唵悉殿都漫多啰跋陀耶娑婆訶

(Pinyin)[a]

nā mo hē là dá nà duō là yè yé. nā mo a lī yé. wó lú jié dì. shuò bō là yé. pú tí sà duǒ wó yé. mó hā sà duǒ wó yé. mó hā jiā lú ní jiā yé. ăn. sà bó là fá yì. shù da nă dá xiĕ. nā mo xī jí lí duǒ. yī mēng. a lī yé wó lú jié dì shì fó là. léng tuó wó. nā mo nă là jĭn chí. xī lī mó hā bó duō shā miē. sà wó a tā dòu. shū péng. a shì yùn. sà wó sà duō nă mó wó sà duō nă mó wó jiā. mó fá tè dòu. dá zhí tā. ăn a wó lú xī. lú jiā dì. jiā luó dì. yí xī lī. mó hā pú tí sà duǒ. sà wó sà wó. mó là mó là. mó xī mó xī lī tuó yùn. jù lú jù lú jié méng. dù lú dù lú fá shé yé dì. mó hā fá shé yé dì. tuó là tuó là. dì lī ní. shì fó là yē. zhē là zhē là. mó mó fá mó là. mù dì lì. yī xī yī xī. shì nă shì nă. a là shēn fó là shě lì. fá shā fá shēn. fó là shě yé. hū lú hū lú mó là. hū lú hū lú xī lī. suō là suō là. xī lī xī lī. sū lú sū lú. pú tí yè pú tí yè. pú tuó yè pú tuó yè. mí dì lī yè. nă là jĭn chí. dì lī sè ní nà. bō yè mó nà. suō wó hā. xī tuó yè. suō wó hā. mó hā xī tuó yè. suō wó hā. xī tuó yù yi. shì bó là yè. suō wó hā. nă là jĭn chí. suō wó hā. mó là nă là. suō wó hā. xī là sēng a mù qū yé. suō wó hā. suō wó mó hā a xī tuó yé suō wó hā. zhě jí là a xī tuó yè. suō wó hā. bō tuó mó jié xī tuó yè. suō wó hā. nă là jĭn chí bó qié là yé. suō wó hā. mó wó lì shèng jié là yè. suō wó hā. nā mo hē là dá nà duō là yè yé. nā mo a lī yé. wó lú jí dì. shuō bó là yè. suō wó hā. ăn xī diàn dū màn duō là bá tuó yé suō wó hā.

Vietnamese version

The dhāraṇī as read in Vietnamese is as follows:[23]

Nam mô hắc ra đát na đa ra dạ da. Nam mô a rị da, bà lô yết đế, thước bác ra da, bồ đề tát đỏa bà da, ma ha tát đỏa bà da, ma ha ca lô ni ca da. Án tát bàn ra phạt duệ, số đát na đá tỏa.

Nam mô tất kiết lật đỏa, y mông a rị da bà lô kiết đế, thất phật ra lăng đà bà.
Nam mô na ra cẩn trì hế rị, ma ha bàn đá sa mế, tát bà a tha đậu du bằng a thể dựng, tát bà tát đa, na ma bà gìa ma phạt đạt đậu, đát thiệt tha. Án, a bà lô hê, lô ca đế, ca ra đế, di hê rị, ma ha bồ đề tát đỏa, tát bà tát bà, ma ra ma ra, ma hê ma hê, rị đàn dựng cu lô cu lô kiết mông độ lô độ lô, phạt xà da đế, ma ha phạt xà da đế, đà ra đà ra, địa rị ni, thất Phật ra da, dá ra dá ra. Mạ mạ phạt ma ra, mục đế lệ, y hê y hê, thất na thất na, a ra sâm Phật ra xá lợi, phạt sa phạt sâm, Phật ra xá da, hô lô hô lô ma ra, hô lô hô lô hê rị, ta ra ta ra, tất rị tất rị, tô rô tô rô bồ đề dạ, bồ đề dạ, bồ đà dạ, bồ đà dạ, di đế rị dạ, na ra cẩn trì địa rị sắc ni na, ba dạ ma na ta bà ha. Tất đà dạ ta bà ha. Ma ha tất đà dạ ta bà ha. Tất đà du nghệ thất bàn ra dạ ta bà ha. Tất ra tăng a mục khê da, ta bà ha. Ta bà ma ha a tất đà dạ ta bà ha. Gỉa kiết ra a tất đà dạ ta bà ha. Ba đà ma yết tất đà dạ, ta bà ha. Na ra cẩn trì bàn dà ra dạ ta bà ha. Ma bà lị thắng yết ra dạ ta bà ha.

Nam mô hắc ra đát na đá ra mạ da, Nam mô a rị da bà lô yết đế, thước bàn ra dạ, ta bà ha. Án tất điện đô, mạn đa ra, bạt đà dạ, ta bà ha.

Japanese: Sōtō Zen version

The following is the dhāraṇī as written and recited within the Sōtō school of Japanese Zen Buddhism.[24][25][26]

(Kanji)

南無喝囉怛那。哆羅夜耶。南無阿唎耶。婆盧羯帝。爍盋囉耶。菩提薩埵婆耶。摩訶薩埵婆耶。摩訶迦盧尼迦耶。唵。薩皤囉罰曳数怛那怛写。南無悉吉利埵伊蒙阿唎耶。婆盧吉帝室仏囉楞馱婆。南無那囉。謹墀醯唎。摩訶皤哷。沙咩薩婆。阿他豆輸朋。阿逝孕。薩婆薩哷。那摩婆伽。摩罰特豆。怛姪他。唵。阿婆盧醯。盧迦帝。迦羅帝。夷醯唎。摩訶菩提薩埵。薩婆薩婆。摩囉摩囉。摩醯摩醯唎馱孕。俱盧俱盧羯蒙。度盧度盧罰闍耶帝。摩訶罰闍耶帝。陀囉陀囉。地利尼。室仏囉耶。遮囉遮囉。摩摩罰摩囉。穆帝隷。伊醯伊醯。室那室那。阿囉参仏囉舎利。罰沙罰参。仏囉舎耶。呼盧呼盧摩囉。呼盧呼盧醯利。娑囉娑囉。悉利悉利。蘇嚧蘇嚧。菩提夜菩提夜。菩駄夜菩駄夜。弥帝唎夜。那囉謹墀。地利瑟尼那。婆夜摩那。娑婆訶。悉陀夜。娑婆訶。摩訶悉陀夜。娑婆訶。悉陀喻芸。室皤囉夜。娑婆訶。那囉謹墀。娑婆訶。摩囉那囉娑婆訶。悉囉僧阿穆佉耶。娑婆訶。娑婆摩訶悉陀夜。娑婆訶。者吉囉阿悉陀夜。娑婆訶。波陀摩羯悉陀夜。娑婆訶。那囉謹墀皤伽囉耶。娑婆訶。摩婆唎勝羯囉耶娑婆訶。
南無喝囉怛那哆羅夜耶。南無阿唎耶。婆盧吉帝。爍皤囉耶。娑婆訶。悉殿都漫哆囉。跋陀耶。娑婆訶。

(Hiragana)
なむからたんのう。とらやーやー。なむおりやー。ぼりょきーちー。しふらーやー。ふじさとぼーやー。もこさとぼーやー。もーこーきゃーるにきゃーやー。えん。さーはらはーえーしゅーたんのうとんしゃー。なむしきりーといもー。おりやー。ぼりょきーちー。しふらー。りんとうぼー。なむのーらー。きんじーきーりー。もーこーほーどー。しゃーみーさーぼー。おーとうじょーしゅーべん。おーしゅーいん。さーぼーさーとー。のーもーぼーぎゃー。もーはーてーちょー。とーじーとー。えん。おーぼーりょーきー。るーぎゃーちー。きゃーらーちー。いーきりもーこー。ふじさーとー。さーぼーさーぼー。もーらーもーらー。もーきーもーきー。りーとーいんくーりょーくーりょー。けーもーとーりょーとーりょー。ほーじゃーやーちー。もーこーほーじゃーやーちー。とーらーとーらー。ちりにー。しふらーやー。しゃーろーしゃーろー。もーもーはーも－らー。ほーちーりー。いーきーいーきー。しーのーしーのー。おらさんふらしゃーりー。はーざーはーざん。ふらしゃーやー。くーりょーくーりょー。もーらーくーりょーくーりょー。きーりーしゃーろーしゃーろー。しーりーしーりー。すーりょーすーりょー。ふじやー。ふじやー。ふどやーふどやー。みーちりやー。のらきんじー。ちりしゅにのー。ほやもの。そもこー。しどやー。そもこー。もこしどやー。そもこー。しどゆーきー。しふらーやー。そもこー。のらきんじー。そもこー。もーらーのーらーそもこー。しらすーおもぎゃーやー。そもこー。そぼもこしどやー。そもこー。しゃきらーおしどーやー。そもこー。ほどもぎゃしどやー。そもこー。のらきんじーはーぎゃらやー。そもこー。もーほりしんぎゃらやーそもこー。
なむからたんのうとらやーやー。なむおりやー。ぼりょきーちーしふらーやー。そもこー。してどーもどらー。ほどやー。そーもーこー。

(Romaji)
Namu karatannō. Torayāyā. Namu oriyā. Boryokīchī. Shifurāyā. Fujisatobōyā. Mokosatobōyā. Mōkō kyārunikyāyā. En. Sāharahāē shūtannō tonshā. Namu shikirī toimō. Oriyā. Boryokīchī shifurā. Rintōbō. Namu nōrā. Kinjī kīrī. Mōkō hōdō. Shāmī sābō. Ōtō jōshūben. Ōshūin. Sābō sātō. Nōmō bōgyā. Mōhā tēchō. Tōjītō. En. Ōboryōkī. Rūgyāchī. Kyārāchī. Īkiri mōkō. Fujisātō. Sābō sābō. Mōrā mōrā. Mōkī mōkī. Rītōin kūryō kūryō. Kēmō tōryō tōryō. Hōjāyāchī. Mōkōhōjāyāchī. Tōrā tōrā. Chirinī shifurāyā. Shārō shārō. Mōmōhāmōrā. Hōchīrī. Īkī Īkī. Shīnō shīnō. Orasan furashārī. Hāzā hāzān. Furashāyā. Kūryō kūryō. Mōrā kūryō kūryō. Kīrī shārō shārō. Shīrī shīrī. Sūryō sūryō. Fujiyā fujiyā. Fudoyā fudoyā. Mīchiriyā. Norakinjī. Chiri shuninō. Hoyamono. Somokō. Shidoyā. Somokō. Mokoshidoyā. Somokō. Shidoyūkī. Shifurāyā. Somokō. Norakinjī. Somokō. Mōrānōrā somokō. Shirasū omogyāyā. Somokō. Sobomoko shidoyā. Somokō. Shakirā oshidōyā. Somokō. Hodomo gyashidoyā. Somokō. Norakinjī hāgyarayā. Somokō. Mōhori shingyarayā somokō.
Namu karatannō torayāyā. Namu oriyā boryokīchī shifurāyā. Somokō. Shitedō modorā. Hodoyā. Sōmōkō.

Japanese: Shingon version

A form of the dhāraṇī which uses a pronunciation scheme different from that used by the Zen schools is attested within Shingon Buddhism.[27][28][29]

(Hiragana)

のうぼう、あらたんのう、たらやあや
のうぼうありや、ばろきてい、じんばらや、ぼうじさとばや、まかさとばや、まかきゃろにきゃや、おん、さらばらばえいしゅ、たんのうだしや、のうぼう、そしきりた、ばいのうありや、ばろきてい、じんばら、りょうだば、
のうぼう、ならきんじ、けいりまばはたしゃめい、さらばあたづしゅぼう、あせいよう、さらばぼたのう、まばばぎゃ、まばどづ、
たにゃた、おん、あばろけい、ろきゃてい、ぎゃらてい、いけいり、まかぼうじさとば、さらばさらば、まらまら、ままけいりだよう、くろくろきゃらぼう、どろどろ、ばじゃやてい、まかばじゃやてい、だらだら、じりに、じんばらや、しゃらしゃら、ままばつまら、ぼくていれい、いけいいけい、しっだしっだ、あらさんはらしゃり、ばしゃばさん、はらしゃや、ころころ、まらころけいり、さらさら、しつりしつり、そろそろ、ぼうじやぼうじや、ぼうだやぼうだや、みていりゃ、ならきんじ、だりしゅにのう、はやまのう、そわか、しつだや、そわか、まかしつだや、そわか、しつだゆけい、じんばらや、そわか、ならきんじ、そわか、まらならしつら、そわか、そうかぼきゃや、そわか、はまかしつだや、そわか、しゃきゃらあしつだや、そわか、はんどまきゃ、しつだや、そわか、ならきんじ、ばぎゃらや、そわか、まばり、しようぎゃらや、そわか、
のうぼう、あらたんのう、たらやあや、のうぼう、ありやばろきてい、じんばらや、そわか

(Romaji)
Nōbō, aratannō, tarayāya, nōbō ariya, barokitei, jinbaraya, bōjisatobaya, makasatobaya, makakyaronikyaya, on, sarabaraba'eishu, tannōdasha, nōbō, soshikirita, ba inō ariya, barokitei, jinbara, ryōdaba, nōbō, narakinji, keiri mabahata shamei, saraba atazushubō, aseiyō, saraba bodanō, mababagya, mabadozu, tanyata, on, abarokei, rokyatei, kyaratei, ikeiri, makabōjisatoba, saraba saraba, mara mara, mama keiridayō, kuro kuro kyarabō, doro doro, bajayatei, maka bajayatei, dara dara, jirini, jinbaraya, shara shara, mama batsumara, bokuteirei, ikei ikei, shidda shidda, arasan harashari, basha basan, harashaya, koro koro, mara koro keiri, sara sara, shitsuri shitsuri, soro soro, bōjiya bōjiya, bōdaya bōdaya, miteirya, narakinji, darishuninō, hayamanō, sowaka, shitsudaya, sowaka, makashitsudaya, sowaka, shitsudayukei, jinbaraya, sowaka, narakinji, sowaka, maranara shitsura, sowaka, sōka bokyaya, sowaka, hamaka shitsudaya, sowaka, shakyara ashitsudaya, sowaka, handomakya, shitsudaya, sowaka, narakinji, bagyaraya, sowaka, mabari, shōgyaraya, sowaka.

Nōbo, aratannō, tarayāya, nōbo, ariya barokitei, jinbaraya, sowaka.

Korean version

The Korean form of the dhāraṇī[30] stands midway between the short and the long versions; despite being generally more akin to the shorter version used in other East Asian countries, it exhibits certain readings found in the longer version (see 'Sanskrit versions' below).

(Hangul)

나모 라다나 다라야야 나막 알약바로기제 새바라야 모지사다바야 마하 사다바야 마하가로니가야 옴 살바 바예수 다라나 가라야 다사명 나막 까리다바 이맘알야 바로기제 새바라 다바니라간타 나막하리나야 마발다 이사미 살발타 사다남 수반 아예염 살바 보다남 바바말아 미수다감 다냐타 옴 아로계 아로가 마지로가 지가란제 혜혜하례 마하모지 사다바 사마라 사마라 하리나야 구로구로 갈마 사다야 사다야 도로도로 미연제 마하미연제 다라다라 다린나례 새바라 자라자라 마라 미마라 아마라 몰제 예혜혜 로계 새바라 라아 미사미 나사야 나베 사미사미 나사야 모하자라 미사미 나사야 호로호로 마라호로 하례 바나마 나바 사라사라 시리시리 소로소로 못쟈못쟈 모다야 모다야 매다리야 니라간타 가마사 날사남 바라 하라나야 마낙 사바하 싯다야 사바하 마하싯다야 사바하 싯다 유예 새바라야 사바하 니라간타야 사바하 바라하 목카싱하 목카야 사바하 바나마 하따야 사바하 자가라 욕다야 사바하 상카섭나네 모다나야 사바하 마하라 구타다라야 사바하 바마사간타 이사시체다 가릿나 이나야 사바하 마가라 잘마이바사나야 사바하
나모 라다나 다라야야 나막알약 바로기제 새바라야 사바하

(Romanization)
namo radana darayaya namak aryakbarogije saebaraya mojisadabaya maha sadabaya mahagaronigaya om salba bayesu darana garaya dasamyeong namak kkaridaba imamarya barogije saebara dabaniraganta namakharinaya mabalda isami salbalta sadanam suban ayeyeom salba bodanam babamara misudagam danyata om arogye aroga majiroga jigaranje hyehyeharye mahamoji sadaba samara samara harinaya guroguro galma sadaya sadaya dorodoro miyeonje mahamiyeonje daradara darinnarye saebara jarajara mara mimara amara molje yehyehye rogye saebara raa misami nasaya nabe samisami nasaya mohajara misami nasaya horohoro marahoro harye banama naba sarasara sirisiri sorosoro mosjyamosjya modaya modaya maedariya niraganta gamasa nalsanam bara haranaya manak sabaha sisdaya sabaha mahasisdaya sabaha sisda yuye saebaraya sabaha niragantaya sabaha baraha mokkasingha mokkaya sabaha banama hattaya sabaha jagara yokdaya sabaha sangkaseopnane modanaya sabaha mahara gutadaraya sabaha bamasaganta isasicheda garisna inaya sabaha magara jalmaibasanaya sabaha
namo radana darayaya namagaryak barogije saebaraya sabaha

English translations

D.T. Suzuki

Author D.T. Suzuki's English translation of the dhāraṇī, based on Amoghavajra's version, is as follows:[31][32]

Adoration to the Triple Treasure!

Adoration to Avalokiteśvara the Bodhisattva-Mahāsattva who is the great compassionate one!
Om, to the one who performs a leap beyond all fears!
Having adored him, may I enter into the heart of the blue-necked one known as the noble adorable Avalokiteśvara! It means the completing of all meaning, it is pure, it is that which makes all beings victorious and cleanses the path of existence. Thus:
Om, the seer, the world-transcending one!
O Hari the Mahābodhisattva!
All, all!
Defilement, defilement!
The earth, the earth!
It is the heart.
Do, do the work!
Hold fast, hold fast! O great victor!
Hold on, hold on! I hold on.
To Indra the creator!
Move, move, my defilement-free seal!
Come, come!
Hear, hear!
A joy springs up in me!
Speak, speak! Directing!
Hulu, hulu, mala, hulu, hulu, hile!
Sara, sara! siri, siri! suru, suru!
Be awakened, be awakened!
Have awakened, have awakened!
O merciful one, blue-necked one!
Of daring ones, to the joyous, hail!
To the successful one, hail!
To the great successful one, hail!
To the one who has attained master in the discipline, hail!
To the blue-necked one, hail!
To the boar-faced one, hail!
To the one with a lion's head and face, hail!
To the one who holds a weapon in his hand, hail!
To the one who holds a wheel in his hand, hail!
To the one who holds a lotus in his hand, hail!
To the blue-necked far-causing one, hail!
To the beneficient one referred to in this Dhāraṇī beginning with "Namaḥ," hail!
Adoration to the Triple Treasure!
Adoration to Avalokiteśvara!
Hail!
May these [prayers] be successful!

To this magical formula, hail!

Lokesh Chandra

Chandra (1988) criticized Suzuki's translation as faulty and provided an alternative translation - a corrected version of an earlier translation by the same author[33] - based on his reconstruction of the text (see 'Sanskrit versions' above).[32]

1. Adoration to the Triple Gem. Adoration to ārya Avalokiteśvarā, bodhisattva, mahāsattva, the Great Compassionate One. Om. Having paid adoration to One who protects in all dangers, here is the [recitation] of the names of Nīlakaṇṭha, as chanted by ārya Avalokiteśvarā.

2. I shall enunciate the 'heart' [dhāraṇī] which ensures all aims, is pure and invincible for all beings, and which purifies the path of existence.
3. THUS. Om. O Effulgence, World-Transcendent, come, oh Hari, the great bodhisattva, descend, descend. Bear in mind my heart-dhāraṇī. Accomplish, accomplish the work. Hold fast, hold fast, Victor, oh Great Victor. Hold on, hold on, oh Lord of the Earth. Move, move, oh my Immaculate Image. Come, come, Thou with the black serpent as Thy sacred thread. Destroy every poison. Quick, quick, oh Strong Being. Quick, Quick, oh Hari. Descend, descend, come down, come down, condescend, condescend. Being enlightened enlighten me, oh merciful Nīlakaṇṭha. Gladden my heart by appearing unto me.
To the Siddha hail. To the Great Siddha hail. To the Lord of Siddha Yogins hail. To Nīlakaṇṭha hail. To the Boar-faced One hail. To the One with the face of Narasiṃha hail. To One who has a lotus in His hand hail. To the Holder of a cakra in His hand hail. To One who sports a lotus(?) in His hand hail. To Nīlakaṇṭha the tiger hail. To the mighty Śaṇkara hail.

4. Adoration to the Triple Gem. Adoration to ārya Avalokiteśvarā, hail.

Sanskrit versions

The following Sanskrit texts are synoptically arranged for comparison:

  1. The underlying Sanskrit of Bhagavaddharma (T. 1060)[34]
  2. The Sanskrit of Amoghavajra (T. 1113b; spelling as in the received text)[35]
  3. A fragmentary manuscript of the dhāraṇī from Dunhuang (Pelliot chinois 2778)[36]
  4. A reconstruction of the standard text of the dhāraṇī based on Bhagavaddharma and Amoghavajra by Lokesh Chandra (1988)[34]
  5. The underlying Sanskrit of the Korean version[37]
  6. The Sanskrit of Vajrabodhi (T. 1061; spelling as in the received text)[38]
  7. A (partial) transcription of the Sanskrit-Sogdian manuscript of the dhāraṇī from Dunhuang (Or.　8212/175; spelling as in the manuscript)[39][40][41]
  8. A reconstruction of the longer text of the dhāraṇī based on Vajrabodhi by Lokesh Chandra (1988)[42]
Shorter Version Longer Version
Bhagavaddharma (T. 1060) Amoghavajra

(T. 1113b)

Dunhuang

(MS. Pelliot chinois 2778)

Bhagavaddharma + Amoghavajra Reconstructed Text (Chandra) Korean Text Vajrabodhi

(T. 1061)

Dunhuang

(British Library, Or.　8212/175)

Constituted Text of Vajrabodhi (Chandra)
namo ratna-trayāya namo ratna-trayāya namo ratna-trayāya namo ratna-trayāya | namo ratna-trayāya namo ratna-trayāya namo ratna-trayāya |
nama āryāvalokiteśvarāya bodhisattvāya mahāsattvāya mahākāruṇikāya nama āryāvalokiteśvarāya bodhisatvāya mahāsatvāya mahākāruṇikāya namaḥ āryāvalokiteśvarāya bodhisatvāya mahāsatvāya mahākāruṇikāya nama āryĀvalokiteśvarāya bodhisattvāya mahāsattvāya mahākāruṇikāya | nama āryāvalokiteśvarāya bodhisattvāya mahāsattvāya mahākāruṇikāya namaḥ āryāvalokiteśvarāya bodhisatvāya mahāsatvāya mahākāruṇikāya nama āryĀvalokiteśvarāya bodhisattvāya mahāsattvāya mahākāruṇikāya
sarva-bandhana-cchedana-karāya sarva-bhava-samudraṃ sukṣaṇa-karāya sarva-vyadhi-praśamana-karāya sarvetityubhandrava-vināśana-karāya sarva-bandhana-cchedana-karāya sarva-bhava-samudra-śoṣaṇa-karāya sarva-vyādhi-praśamana-karāya sarv-ety-upadrava-vināśana-karāya
oṃ sarva-bhayeṣu tana tasya namaskṛtvā imaṃ āryāvalokiteśvara-stavanaṃ nalakindi oṃ sarva-bhayeṣu dhana dasya namoskṛta īmo āryābarukiteśvaraṃ dhava namo narakidhi oṃ sarvabhayeṣu trāṇakarāya tasya me namas kṛtvā i aṃ (= idaṃ?) āryālokiteśvara tava nīlakaṇṭhanāma oṃ sarva-bhayeṣu trāṇa-karāya tasya namaskṛtvā imaṃ āryāvalokiteśvara-stavanaṃ Nīlakaṇṭha-nāma | oṃ sarva-bhayeṣu trāṇa-karāya tasmai namaskṛtvā imaṃ āryāvalokiteśvara-stavaṃ Nīlakaṇṭha-nāma sarva-bhayeṣyo trāṇa-karāya tasmai namaskṛtvā inamāryāvalokiteśvara-bhāṣitaṃ nirakaṃṭabhe-nāma sarva-bhayeṣu trāṇa-karāya |

tasmai namaskṛtvā imaṃ āryĀvalokiteśvara-bhāṣitaṃ Nīlakaṇṭha-nāma |

hṛ(daya)ṃ vartaṣāmi sarv-ā(r)tha-(sā)dha(naṃ) śu(bh)aṃ herima vadhaṣame sarva-athadu śutuṃ hṛdayam āvarttayiṣyāmi sarvārthasādhanaṃ śrutaṃ hṛdayaṃ vartayiṣyāmi sarvārtha-sādhanaṃ śubhaṃ | hṛdayaṃ vartayiṣyāmi sarvārtha-sādhanaṃ śubhaṃ hṛdayama vratayicchyāmi sarvātha-sadhakaṃ śuvaṃ hṛdayaṃ vartayiṣyāmi sarv-ārtha-sādhakaṃ śubhaṃ |
ajeyaṃ sarva-satvānāṃ bhaga ma va dudu ajeyaṃ sarva-bhutanama vaga ma va dudu ajeyaṃ sarvabhutānāṃ bhavamā[ ...] ajeyaṃ sarva-bhutānāṃ bhava-mārga-viśodhakam || ajeyaṃ sarva-bhutānāṃ bhava-mara-viśodhakaṃ ajiyaṃ sarva-bhutānāṃ bhava-marga-viśuddhakaṃ  ajeyaṃ sarva-bhutānāṃ bhava-mārga-viśodhakaṃ ||
TADYATHĀ TADYATHĀ TADYATHĀ | TADYATHĀ TADYATHĀ TADYATHĀ |
oṃ avaloka e lokātikrānta (e)hi Hare mahābodhisattva sarpa-sarpa oṃ avaloka lokāte karate e hṛe mahābodhisatva sarva2 oṃ apaloka lokātikrānta ehi Hare mahābodhisattva sarpa-sarpa | oṃ āloke ( = āloka e) āloka-mati lokātikrānta ehy-ehi Hare mahābodhisattva oṃ āloke āloka-mati lokātikraṃte he hare āryāvalokiteśvara mahābodhisatva oṃ āloka e āloka-mati lokātikrānta ehi Hare āryĀvalokiteśvara mahābodhisattva
he bodhisatva he mahāvodhisatva 

he viryabodhisatva he mahākāruṇikā

he bodhisattva he mahābodhisattva 

he virya-bodhisattva he mahākāruṇikā

smara smara mama hṛdayam mala2 mama hṛedayaṃ smara smara mama hṛdayam | smara smara hṛdayam smīra hṛdayaṃ smara hṛdayaṃ |
hi hi hare āryāvalokiteśvara maheśvara parama-maitra-citta mahākāruṇikā hi hi hare āryāvalokiteśvara maheśvara paramatra-citta mahākāruṇikā ehy-ehi Hare āryĀvalokiteśvara Maheśvara paramārtha-citta mahākāruṇikā |
kuru-kuru karma kuru2 karmaṃ kuru-kuru karma | kuru-kuru karma kuru-kuru karmaṃ kuru-kuru karma |
sādhaya-sādhaya sadhaya-sadhaya viddhyaṃ ... vidyām sādhaya-sādhaya vidyam |
dehi-dehi me varaṃ kamaṃ ṇihe-ṇihe tavaraṃ kamaṃ dehi-dehi tvaṃ kāmaṃ kāmaṃ dehi-dehi tvaraṃ kāmam
gama vigama siddha-yugeśvara vihaṇgama vīra siddha-yogiśvara gama vihaṇgama vigama siddha-yogeśvara |
dhuru-dhuru vijayate mahāvijayate dhuru2 vajayate mahāvajayate dhuru-dhuru vijayate mahāvijayate | dhuru-dhuru vijayate mahāvijayate dhuru-dhuru viyatni mahāviyanti dhuru dhuru viyaṃnti mahaviyaṃnti dhuru-dhuru viyanta e mahā-viyanta e |
dhara-dhara dharāṇīśvararāja dhara2 dhiriṇi-rāya dhara-dhara dharāṇi-rāja | dhara-dhara dharāṇiṃdhareśvara dhara-dhara dhare indreśvara dhara dhara

dharendreśvara

dhara-dhara dharendreśvara |
cala-cala mama vimala-mūṛtte re cala-cala mama vamara-sukte le cala-cala mama vimala-mūṛtte re | cala-cala malla vimal-āmala-mūṛtte cala-cala vimalamara cala2 vimalā-mala-mūṛtte cala-cala vimal-āmala
āryāvalokiteśvara jina kṛṣṇi-jaṭā-makuṭa varaṃma praraṃma viraṃma mahāsiddha-vidyadhara  āryāvalokite

śvarā jije kṛṣṇajaṭe makutā-valaṃmba vā pralambaṃ mahā-siddha-vidyādhara

āryĀvalokiteśvara Jina |

kṛṣṇa-jaṭā-makuṭā 'varama prarama virama mahāsiddha-vidyādhara |

vara vara mahāvara bala bala mahābala bala-bala mahābala
bala bala mahābala mala mala mahāmala malla-malla mahāmalla
cara cara mahācara  cala cala mahācala cala cala Mahācala |
kṛṣṇivṛṇa dīrgha kṛṣṇipakṣa dīrghatana  kṛṣṇavarṇa kṛṣṇapakṣa nirghatana kṛṣṇa-varṇa dīrgha-kṛṣṇa-pakṣa-nirghātana
he padmahasti  he padmahasta he padma-hasta |
cara cara diśacaleśvara  cara cara niśācareśvara cara cara niśācareśvara
ehy-ehi cinda cinda arṣam pracali ehe-ehe cinda2 arṣam pracali ehy-ehi kṛṣṇa-sarp-opavīta | ehy-ehi Lokeśvara kṛṣṇi-sarapa-kṛta-yajyopavita ehy-ehe mahā-varaha-mukha kṛṣṇa-sarpa-kṛta-ya

jñopavita ehy-ehi mahā-varāha-mukha

kṛṣṇa-sarpa-kṛta-yajñopavīta |

ehy-ehi mahāVarāha-mukha

tripūra-dahaneśvara narayaṇa-varupa-vara-marga-ari mahā-tripura-dahan-eśvara nārāyana-rūpa-bala-vegadharī Tripura-dahan-eśvara Nārāyaṇa-balopabala-veśa-dhara |
he nirakaṃṭa he nīlakaṇḍa he Nīlakaṇṭha
he mahākāra harahara-viṣa-nirjita he mahā-hālāhala-viṣa nirjjanta he Mahākāla hālāhala-viṣa nirjita
vaṣa-vaṣaṃ praśaya vaṣa-vaṣaṃ praśaya viṣa-viṣaṃ praṇāśaya | rāga-viṣaṃ viṇāśaya lokasya rāga-viṣa-vināśana lokasya rāga-viṣa vināśana lokasya rāga-viṣa vināśana
dveṣa-viṣaṃ viṇāśaya dviṣa-viṣa-vināśana dveṣa-viṣa vināśana dveṣa-viṣa-vināśana
moha-jāla-viṣaṃ viṇāśaya muha-viṣa-vināśana moha-viṣa viṇāśana moha-viṣa-viṇāśana
hulu-hulu malla huru2 mara hulu-hulu Malla | hulu-hulu malla hulu-hulu mara hulu hulu mārā hulu-hulu malla |
hulu-hulu hare huru2 [hri] hulu-hulu Hare | hulu Hare Padmanābha hulu hale mahā-padmanābha huru hara hara mahā-padmanābha hulu Hare Mahā-Padmanābha |
sara-sara siri-siri suru-suru sara2 siri2 suru2 sara-sara siri-siri suru-suru | sara-sara siri-siri suru-suru sara-sara siri-siri suru-suru muru-muru sara sara siri siri suru suru sara-sara siri-siri suru-suru muru-muru
bodhiya-bodhiya bodhaya-bodhaya maitriya Nalakindi bodhiya2 bodhaya2 maitriya Narakindi bodhiya-bodhiya bodhaya-bodhaya maitriya Nīlakaṇṭha | buddhya-buddhya bodhaya-bodhaya maitriya Nīlakaṇṭha buddhya-buddhya boddhaya-boddhaya maite-nirakaṃṭa budhya budhya bodhaya bodhaya bodhayāmi ti nīlakaṇḍa budhya-budhya bodhaya-bodhaya bodhayā maitriya Nīlakaṇṭha |
ehy-ehe mama sthita-syiṃha-mukha vāma-sthita-siṃha-mukha ehy-ehi vāma-sthita-Siṃha-mukha |
hasa hasa muṃca muṃca mahāṭāṭahasaṃ hasa hasa muñca muñca mahāṭāṭṭahāsa hasa-hasa muñca-muñca mahāṭṭahāsam |
ehy-ehe paṃ mahā siddha-yugeśvara ehy-ehi maha-siddha-yogiśvara ehy-ehi bho mahāsiddha-yogeśvara |
saṇa saṇa vāce sadhaya sadhaya viddhyaṃ bhaṇa bhaṇa vācaṃ sādhaya sādhaya vidyāṃ bhaṇa-bhaṇa vācaṃ |

sādhaya-sādhaya vidyāṃ |

smīra smira śaṃ bhagavaṃtaṃ lokitavilokitaṃ lokeśvaraṃ tathāgataṃ  smara2 bhagava

ntaṃ lokitavilokita tathāgataṃ

smara-smara taṃ bhagava

ntaṃ lokita-vilokitaṃ Lokeśvaram tathāgataṃ |

darśanena paya manaḥ svāhā dharṣiṇina paṣa (= paya) mana svāhā darśanena prahlādaya manaḥ svāhā | kāmasya darśanena prahlādaya manaḥ svāhā dadāhe me darśana kamasya darśanaṃ prakradaya ma na svāhā  dadāhi me darsanaṃ kāmasya darśanam prahlādaya me naṃ/manaḥ svāhā dadāhi me darśana-kāmasya darśanam | prahlādaya manaḥ svāhā |
siddhāya svāhā siddhāya svāhā siddhāya svāhā | siddhāya svāhā siddhāya svāhā siddhāya svāhā siddhāya svāhā |
mahāsiddhāya svāhā mahāsiddhāya svāhā mahāsiddhāya svāhā | mahāsiddhāya svāhā mahāsiddhāya svāhā mahāsiddhāya svāhā mahāsiddhāya svāhā |
siddha-yogeśvarāya svāhā siddha-yogeśvakarāya svāhā siddha-yogeśvarāya svāhā | siddha-yogeśvarāya svāhā siddhā-yogeśvaraya svāhā siddha-yogiśvarāya svāhā siddha-yogeśvarāya svāhā |
nalakindi svāhā narakindi svāhā Nīlakaṇṭhāya svāhā | Nīlakaṇṭhāya svāhā Nirakaṃṭaya svāhā Nīlakaṇṭhāya svāhā |
maranara svāhā maranara svāhā Vāraha-mukhāya svāhā | Vāraha-mukha-siṃha-mukhāya svāhā varāha-mukhāya svāhā Varāha-mukhāya svāhā |
sirasiṃha-mukhāya svāhā sirasaṃha-mukhāya svāhā Narasiṃha-mukhāya svāhā | mahādarasyiṃha-mukhaya svāhā mahā-siṃgha-mukhāya svāhā MahāNarasiṃha-mukhāya svāhā |
siddha-viddhyadharaya svāhā siddha-vidyādharāya svāhā siddha-vidyādharāya svāhā |
padma-hastāya svāhā pamahā-siddhāya svāhā padma-hastāya svāhā | padma-hastāya svāhā padma-hastaya svāhā padma-hastāya svāhā padma-hastāya svāhā |
kṛṣṇi-sarpa-kṛdhya-yajyopavitaya svāhā mahā-kṛṣṇa-sarpa-

yajñopavitāya svāhā

kṛṣṇa-sarpa-kṛta-

yajñopavitāya svāhā |

mahā-lakuṭa-dharāya svāhā mahā-lakuṭa-dharāya svāhā mahā-Lakuṭadharāya svāhā |
cakra-hastāya svāhā cakra-siddhāya svāhā cakra-hastāya svāhā | cakrāyudhāya svāhā cakrayudhaya svāhā  cakrāyudhāya svāhā cakr-āyudhāya svāhā |
padma-hastāya? svāhā padma-kastāya svāhā padma-hastāya? svāhā | śaṇkha-śabda-nibodhanaya svāhā śaṇkha-śabda-niboddhanāya svāhā śaṃkha-śavya-nibodhanāya svāhā śaṇkha-śabda-nibodhanāya svāhā |
nalakindi-vyāghrāya svāhā Narakindi-vagaraya svāhā Nīlakaṇṭha-vyāghrāya svāhā | mahā-lakuṭa-dharāya svāhā
ma(hā)bali-śankarāya svāhā mavari-śankaya svāhā Mahābali-Śankarāya svāhā | vāma-skanda-deśa-sthita-kṛṣṇājināya svāhā mama-skanda-viṣa-sthita-kṛṣṇijināya svāhā  vāma-skandha-veṣa-sthita-kṛṣṇajināya svāhā vāma-skandha-deśa-sthita-kṛṣṇ-ājināya svāhā |
vyāghra-carma-nivasanāya svāhā vyāghra-cama-nivasanāya svāhā vyāghra-carma-nivāsanāya svāhā vyāghra-carma-nivasanāya svāhā |
lokeśvarāya svāhā  lokiteśvarāya svāhā Lokeśvarāya svāhā  |
sarva-siddheśvaraya svāhā  sarva-siddheśvarāya svāhā sarva-siddheśvaraya svāhā | 
namo ratna-trayāya namo ratna-trayāya namo ratna-trayāya | namo ratna-trayāya
nama āryāvalokiteśvarāya svāhā nama āryāvalokiteśvarāya bodhi svāhā nama āryĀvalokiteśvarāya svāhā || namaḥ āryāvalokiteśvarāya svāhā namo bhagavate āryāvalokiteśvarāya bodhisatvāya mahāsatvāya mahākāruṇikāya namo bhagavate āryāvalokiteśvarāya　bodhisatvāya mahāsatvāya　mahākāruṇikāya namo bhagavate āryĀvalokiteśvarāya bodhisattvāya mahāsattvāya mahākāruṇikāya |
Oṃ siddhyantu mantra-padāni svāhā siddhyantu me vantra padāya svāhā sidhyaṃtu mantrapadaya svāhā siddhyantu me mantra-padāni svāhā ||
nīlakaṇṭhā nāma thāraṇī samāpta



Amoghavajra's interlinear translation

Worked from 723-774, Amoghavajra (大廣智不空) transliterates Siddham’s script from Chinese Tripitake (大正新修大藏經 Taisho Edition T.1113b, 20.498-501 cf.1111-1113A), as transcribed below (a reconstructed Sanskrit text). Nīlakantha (Blue-Necked), the title of Avalokitesvara is substituted by Nīlakandi in Amoghavajra's translation (T. 1113b). It is a central Asian form: Uigur nominative singular ending in “-i” and has come to mean the virtuous one.

I. Initial Salutation (前行)

namaḥ ratna-trayāya namo āryā valokiteśvarāya1 bodhisattvāya mahā-sattvāya mahā-kāruṇikāya2
(Adoration to the Three Gems, adoration to the noble Avalokiteśvarā, the enlightened sentient being, the great being, the merciful (one)!)
(皈依 三寶，皈依 聖 觀音，覺有情，大士，大悲心 (者)！)

II. Name of Avalokite-śvarā (觀音名)

oṃ sarva rabhaye sudhanadasya3 namas-kṛtvā imaṃ āryā-valokite-śvara raṃdhava namo narakindhi hrīḥ4
(Oneness with all saints (and their) righteous doctrine (righteous-joyous language). After the adoration to that noble(arya) Avalokiteśvarā of the Mercy (Fragrant) Land, I offer my respectful obeisances to the virtuous supreme lord)
(皈依 一切 聖眾 (及) 正教(喜悅的正語)。頂禮 完畢 彼 洛迦山 (慈悲地/香山) 之聖 觀音, 頂禮 (彼) 賢善尊。)

III. Śloka Enunication of the Merit of the Hṛdaya-Dhāranī (功德迴向)

mahā vadhasame5 sarva arthaduh śubhaṃ ajeyaṃ sarva sattva6
((Who emits) great brilliance light, all sentient beings (sarva-satva) are without attachment (āthaduh) and in undefeatable(ajeyam) purity (śubhum) in all things.)
((放)大光明，(令)一切 眾生 在 一切 無比 無貪 妙 淨。皈依 大樂有情，皈依 大樂童子 (他受)天人所親近。)

namo vasattva namo vaga mavadudhu7
Adoration to the joyful being, adoration to the joyful virgin who served by all heavenly beings;)
(皈依 大樂有情，皈依 大樂童子 (他受)天人所親近。)

IV. Dhāranī (咒文)

tadyathā oṃ avaloki lokāte8
(Like this: Oneness with/adoration to the seer (avalokite) of the world (loka) - (Avalokiteśvarā),)
(咒曰：合一/皈依 觀世 (者)，)

karāte e hrīḥ mahā-bodhisattva9 sarva sarva mālā mālā10 mahimā hṛdayam11
(whose (ye) compassionate heart (hrdayam). The great sentient enlightened being; all, all, are garland (immaculate), garland (immaculate), great liberated heart)
((他)大悲。心大覺有情 一切一切 (的) 花蔓 (清淨)花蔓 (清淨)，大 自在心，)

kuru kuru karmaṃ12 dhuru dhuru vājayate mahā vājayate13
(Accomplish, accomplish the task (karma). Liberate, liberate, the victorious one, the great victorious one.)
(作(此)，作(此) 義業。度脫，度脫，的勝者，大勝者。)

dhara dhara dhṛṇi śvarāya14 cala cala mama vamāra muktele15
(Hold on, hold on the brave freedom (īśvara). Lead, lead to my immaculate liberation)
((他) 能持，能持 勇猛 自在。(令) 動(變化)，動(變化) 我所 離垢 解脫。)

ehi ehi śīṇa śīṇa ārṣam pracali16 vaśa-vaśaṃ praśaya17
((Please) come, come; (fulfil) the pledge, the pledge; the adamantine king of awakening (who) rules, rules the peace (prasada).)
(順召，順召，弘誓，弘誓，法王，法王子 (覺身之子)，(他)統治，統治 和平 [統治和平的法王，法王子 請來完我弘誓]。)

huru huru mārā18 huru huru hṛ19 sārā sārā śiri śiri suru suru20
(Purify, purify personification of delusions; purify, purify the heart (hrdayam). Firm, firm; brave, brave; wonder form (being), wonder form (being).)
(行，行無垢；行，行隨心。堅固，堅固；勇猛，勇猛；妙色，妙色。)

bodhiya bodhiya bodhaya bodhaya21 maitreya narakindi22
(Enlightenment, enlightenment, the enlightened one, the enlightened one. The benevolent, virtuous one,)
(覺道(罷)，覺道(罷)；覺者，覺者 [覺者 - 堅定 勇猛 的 妙者, 覺道了]。大慈 大賢(悲)者，)

dhṛṣṇina bhayamana svāhā23 siddhāya svāhā24 mahā-siddhāya svāhā25 siddhā-yoge śvarāya svāhā26
(Success in power and fame, success in benevolence, success in great benevolence, success in achieving freedom (īśvara) through union (with dharma),)
((他) 堅利名聞 成就，義利 成就，大義利 成就，相應而得 自在 成就，)

narakindi svāhā27 māraṇara svāhā28 śirā śaṃ āmukhāya svāhā29 sarva mahā-āsiddhāya svāhā30
(Success in virtues, Success in immaculate joy, incomparable success in ultima convincing speech, incomparable success in all profound meaning)
(賢愛 成就，無垢妙樂 成就，愛攝語 究竟無比 成就，一切 大義無比 成就，)

cakra āsiddhāya svāhā31 padma kastāya svāhā32
(Incomparable success in (turning) the wheel, success in the red lotus (immaculate) deed,)
((轉)法輪 無比 成就，紅蓮 (妙 淨) 義業 成就，)

narakindi vagarāya svāhā33 mavari śaṅkharāya svāhā34
(Success in (becoming a) virtuous Bhagavan (blessed one), success in own prestige nature.)
(賢愛 尊 成就，(具)威德 自性 成就。)

V. Final Salutation (結分)

namaḥ ratna-trayāya namo āryā valokiteśvarāya svāhā35
(Refuge in the Triple Gem, take refuge in the success of noble Avalokite (look upon) śvarā (sound)
(皈依 三寶，皈依 聖 觀音 (之)圓滿。)

oṃ siddhyantu mantra padāya svāhā36
(Oneness (om) with the success (svaha) of achieving (sidhyantu) these invocation (mantra) verses (pada)!
((天人)合一 令成就 咒句 圓滿 [令(我)圓滿 成就(此)真言句] ！)

Initial Vows of Great Compassion Dharani Recitation

"If there are monks (Bhikshus), nuns (Bhikshunis), laymen (Upasakas), laywomen (Upasikas), pure youth and maidens who wish to recite and hold(keep reciting) this mantra, they should first arouse their great merciful and compassionate hearts for all living beings, and follow me [Avalokitesvara] in making these vows:

(* The pronunciation of "Namo" is [na:mo:] in international phonetic symbols)

  • Namo great compassionate Avalokitesvara, May I quickly know all Dharmas;
  • Namo great compassionate Avalokitesvara, May I soon obtain the Wisdom Eye;
  • Namo great compassionate Avalokitesvara, May I quickly ferry all living beings (to the shore of liberation);
  • Namo great compassionate Avalokitesvara, May I soon obtain virtuous skillful means (to enlighten various living beings);
  • Namo great compassionate Avalokitesvara, May I quickly board the Prajna Boat;
  • Namo great compassionate Avalokitesvara, May I soon transcend the ocean of suffering;
  • Namo great compassionate Avalokitesvara, May I quickly achieve precepts, Samadhi and the Way;
  • Namo great compassionate Avalokitesvara, May I soon ascend the mountain of Nirvana;
  • Namo great compassionate Avalokitesvara, May I quickly dwell in the house of non-action;
  • Namo great compassionate Avalokitesvara, May I soon unite with the Dharma-Nature Body.


  • If I go towards the mountain of knives, the mountain of knives of itself breaks up;
  • If I go towards the boiling oil, the boiling oil of itself dries up;
  • If I go towards the hells, the hells of themselves disappear;
  • If I go towards the hungry ghosts, the hungry ghosts of themselves become full.
  • If I go towards the Asuras, their evil thoughts of themselves are tamed.
  • If I go towards the animals, they themselves attain great wisdom.


"After making these vows, recite my name (Namo Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva) with the deep-felt sincere heart, also recite single-mindedly the name of my teacher -- Amitabha Tathagata (Namo Amitabha), then recite this mantra, 5 times or more in a day, to remove from the body the weighty sins of births and deaths accumulated in hundreds of thousands of billions of kalpas."[43]

Glossary

  • Avalokiteśvarā: Avalokita (ava+lokita: 'ava' preverb meaning down, upon; lokita a past-participle of lok 'to see') observed, looking [down] upon) + īśvara (Lord) i.e. Lord of the Observed World. (with sandhi a + ī > e) Chinese 觀自在 (Kwan tzu-tsai). The Tibetan translation སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དབང་ཕྱུག་ pronounced chenrezig wangchug, where chenrezig refers watching out over, and wangchug is the translation for ishvara, Lord. In early texts also Avalokitasvara where svara means sounds: Chinese 觀音 (Kwan Yin, also spelt Guān Yīn, and in Japanese: Kannon). The latter is the name more commonly used in China.
  • cakra: pronounced 'chakra', means wheel, as in wheel of life (bhava-cakra) or wheel of law.
  • mahāsiddha: the attainment of extraordinary abilities (siddhi).
  • maitri: kindness, benevolence.
  • mālā: (lit.) "garland", symbolize "immaculate".
  • Māra: death, the devil. Embodiment of the selfish attachments and temptations that bind one to the cycle of birth and death.
  • namo, namah, namas (variations caused by [sandhi]: homage, salutation, adoration, greeting!
  • [oṃ]: means oneness with the Supreme, the merging of the physical being with the spiritual. The most sacred syllable, the first sound of Almighty. This sacred syllable appears as a mystic sound, regarded as the basis of every other mantra. It is the sound not only of origination but also for dissolution.

Nīlakandi: nominative singular of 'Nīlakantha' in Uigur, a central Asian form.

Avalokiteśvaraikadaśamukha Dhāraṇī (Eleven Faced Avalokitesvara Dhāranī)

This dhāraṇī stems from the Eleven-Faced Avalokitesvara Heart Dharani Sutra and is often somewhat incorrectly referred to as the Great Compassion Mantra, e.g. in popular recordings by Imee Ooi and Ani Choying Dolma. More specific denominations of this dharani are Avalokiteśvaraikadaśamukhadhāraṇī or Ārya Ekādaśa-mukha Dhāraṇī in Sanskrit, and Eleven Faced Avalokitesvara Dharani in English.

This dhāraṇī, which is frequently performed by Chinese-speaking musicians, is often mistakenly referred to as Tibetan Great Compassion Mantra (藏传大悲咒) or The Great Compassion Mantra in Sanskrit (梵音大悲咒) in both Chinese and Taiwanese recordings. Since this dhāraṇī is told by the Eleven-Faced Avalokitesvara, an esoteric bodhisattva in Tibetan Buddhism, some people believe that it is equivalent to the Great Compassion Mantra in Mahayana Buddhism. This is why it is often called Tibetan Great Compassion Mantra (藏传大悲咒). However, this opinion is not accepted by most Mahayana Buddhists.

Namo Ratna Trayāya Namaḥ Ārya Jñāna Sāgara Vairocana Vyūha Rājāya Tathāgatāya Arhate Samyak Sambuddhaya Namah Sarva Tathagatebyah Arhatebyaḥ Samyaksaṃbuddhe Byaḥ Namaḥ Arya Avalokite Śvarāya Boddhisattvāya Mahāsattvāya Mahākāruṇikāya Tadyathā Oṃ Dhara Dhara Dhiri Dhiri Dhuru Dhuru Ite Vatte Cale Cale Pra Cale Pra Cale Kusume Kusume Vare Ili Mili Citijvala māpanāye Svāhā

See also

Notes

  1. ^ 囉 is read as la; 婆 is read as wó; 訶 is read as hā

References

  1. ^ a b c Chandra (1988): p. 92.
  2. ^ Giles (1957): pp. 105-106.
  3. ^ "Nilakanthasutra (T.1060)"., from the International Dunhuang Project.
  4. ^ Chandra (1988): p. 95.
  5. ^ Chandra (1988): p. 186.
  6. ^ Chandra (1988): p. 238.
  7. ^ Chandra (1988): pp. 238-264.
  8. ^ Chandra (1988): pp. 44, 48.
  9. ^ （四）房山石經下
  10. ^ Chandra (1988): p. 31.
  11. ^ a b Beal, Samuel. "An Attempt to Translate from the Chinese a Work known as the Confessional Service of the Great Compassionate Kwan Yin, possessing 1000 Hands and 1000 Eyes." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 1866, pp. 403-426.
  12. ^ Chandra (1988): p. 16.
  13. ^ Chandra (1988): pp. 29ff.
  14. ^ a b Jayarava. "Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī". Visible Mantra : Buddhist Calligraphy.
  15. ^ Chandra (1988): pp. 11, 13-14, 17, 187, 274.
  16. ^ Chandra (1988): pp. 187-188.
  17. ^ Amoghavajra (不空), 《青頸觀自在菩薩心陀羅尼經》 (T. 1111)
  18. ^ Chandra (1988): pp. 92-93.
  19. ^ "T. 1060: 千手千眼觀世音菩薩廣大圓滿無礙大悲心陀羅尼經". CBETA 漢文大藏經.
  20. ^ "T. 1113B: 大慈大悲救苦觀世音自在王菩薩廣大圓滿無礙自在青頸大悲心陀羅尼". CBETA 漢文大藏經.
  21. ^ "大悲心陀罗尼 (大悲咒)" (PDF). International Buddhist Society.
  22. ^ 洪緣音 (2007). 實用佛經修持方法, Volume 2. 全佛. pp. 497–498.
  23. ^ Kinh Dược Sư. Rộng Mở Tâm Hồn. pp. 9–11.
  24. ^ 曹洞宗勤行 (Sōtō-shū Gongyō) (PDF). Amagon (www.amagon.jp). pp. 14–16.
  25. ^ "大悲心陀羅尼 (Daihishin-darani)". Yokohama Zenkōji (横浜善光寺).
  26. ^ "Daihi Shin Darani". International Zen Association United Kingdom.
  27. ^ "大悲心陀羅尼". Archived from the original on 2016-07-31. Retrieved 2017-07-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Hiroyasu, Kyōjū (広安恭寿) (1908). 三陀羅尼經和解 (San Darani-kyō Wage). Fujii Bunseidō (藤井文政堂). pp. 65–67.
  29. ^ Kobayashi, Shōsei (小林正盛), ed. (1926). 真言宗聖典 (Shingon-shū Seiten). Morie Shoten (森江書店). pp. 205–207.
  30. ^ "千 手 經 (천수경)". myowonsa.com.
  31. ^ Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro (2014). Manual of Zen Buddhism. Lulu Press. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-1105525131.
  32. ^ a b Chandra (1988): pp. 130-133.
  33. ^ Chandra, Lokesh. "Origin of the Avalokitesvara of Potala" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-07-11.
  34. ^ a b Chandra (1988): pp. 92-98.
  35. ^ "T. 1113b: 大慈大悲救苦觀世音自在王菩薩廣大圓滿無礙自在青頸大悲心陀羅尼". CBETA 漢文大藏經.
  36. ^ Chandra (1988): p. 95.
  37. ^ Chandra (1988): p. 142.
  38. ^ "T. 1061: 千手千眼觀自在菩薩廣大圓滿無礙大悲心陀羅尼呪本 第1卷". CBETA 漢文大藏經.
  39. ^ "Or.8212/175 Recto from the International Dunhuang Project".
  40. ^ Gauthiot, Robert Edmond; De La Vallée-Poussin, Louis Étienne Joseph Marie (1912). "Fragment Final de la Nilakanthadharani': En Brahmi et en Transcription Sogdienne". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press: 629-645.
  41. ^ Chandra (1988): pp. 228-231.
  42. ^ Chandra (1988): pp. 189.
  43. ^ Great Compassion Dharani Sutra

Works cited

External links

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