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Scottish Midland Junction Railway

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Scottish Midland Junction Railway
Overview
LocaleScotland
Dates of operationJuly 31, 1845 (1845-07-31)–July 29, 1856 (1856-07-29)
SuccessorScottish North Eastern Railway
Technical
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Scottish Midland
Junction Railway
Legend
UpperLeft arrow Arbroath & Forfar Rly
Forfar North Junction
LowerRight arrow
Dundee & Forfar
Direct Line
 Forfar
Forfar West Junction
LowerLeft arrow Forfar & Brechin Rly
 Kirriemuir Junction
Kirriemuir Junction
 Kirriemuir
Glamis
Leason Hill
Eassie
Kirkinch
Meigle Junction
Right arrow to Newtyle
Left arrow Alyth Railway
 Alyth Junction
Right arrow
Newtyle, Eassie &
Glamiss Railway
Washington (Tayside)
Ardler
Coupar Angus
Stormont Loch Halt
Rosemount Halt
Blairgowrie
Woodside and Burrelton
Cargill
Ballathie
UpperLeft arrow Perth & Dunkeld Rly
Stanley Junction
 Stanley Junction
Stanley
Bankfoot
UpperLeft arrow Bankfoot Railway
 Strathord
Luncarty
Muirton
UpperLeft arrow
Perth, Almond Valley
and Methven Railway
Almond Valley Junction
Right arrow Dundee & Perth Rly
 Perth
Down arrow Scottish Central Railway

The Scottish Midland Junction Railway was authorised in 1845 to build a line from Perth to Forfar. Other companies obtained authorisation in the same year, and together they formed a route from central Scotland to Aberdeen. The SMJR opened its main line on 4 August 1848. Proposals to merge with other railways were rejected by Parliament at first, but in 1856 the SMJR merged with the Aberdeen Railway to form the Scottish North Eastern Railway. The SNER was itself absorbed into the larger Caledonian Railway in 1866. The original SMJR main line was now a small section of a main line from Carlisle and central Scotland to Aberdeen.

The original route was well aligned for fast running, but it by-passed numerous towns and many branches were built to serve them. The rival North British Railway had its own route from the south to Aberdeen, and spectacular competition for the fastest journey from London to Aberdeen was generated in the final decades of the nineteenth century. In the 1960s there were some reflections of those days when powerful steam engines, displaced by diesel locomotives from other routes, operated a fast Glasgow - Aberdeen passenger service for some years.

In the mid-1960s the move to rationalise duplicate routes led to closure of the SMJR main line in 1967 except for a residual goods service to intermediate locations. Now the entire SMJR network has closed, except for the section from Perth to Stanley Junction, serving the main line to Inverness.

History

The Caledonian Railway

From the second decade of the nineteenth century, a number of short railway lines had been operating in Scotland; in most cases these were connected with mineral extraction, and there was little thought to connecting between them to form a network. The Stockton and Darlington Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in England showed that longer railway routes could be worthwhile, and thoughts turned to trunk railways in Scotland, and to connection to the emerging English network.

In the 1840s business people in Scotland made definite moves which resulted in proposals for trunk lines to connect the central belt of Scotland with England, and in 1845 there was a frenzy of Parliamentary Bills for Scottish railways. The Caledonian Railway was authorised on 12 April 1845 with capital of £1,500,000. Its main line was to run between Edinburgh, Glasgow and Carlisle.

The Caledonian policy was to capture as much territory in Scotland as possible: they foresaw a "Caledonian system" controlled by themselves. At this period it was expected that a district could only support one railway line, so that the first to serve an area would secure a near-monopoly. Even before authorisation the Caledonian made provisional agreements with the promoters of other lines to lease their railways. This was done by agreeing a guaranteed periodical lease payment; it did not require money at the time of making the agreement, but it incurred a financial obligation later.[1][page needed]

Authorisation

System map of the SMJR in 1855

In the 1845 session of Parliament, a large number of Scottish trunk lines were proposed. In the period prior to the hearings, discussions about alliances and leases accelerated. The Scottish Central Railway was to build from Perth to Castlecary where it would join the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway and the Caledonian Railway, and it had discussed merging with the Scottish Midland Junction but at the same time it discussed leasing its line to the E&GR or the Caledonian.

The Scottish Midland Junction Railway was authorised on 31 July 1845, with capital of £300,000, for a line just over 30 miles (48 km) in length from Perth to Forfar. At Perth it was to connect with the SCR and at Forfar with the Arbroath and Forfar Railway which gave rail access on to Aberdeen over the Aberdeen Railway. The Scottish Central Railway and the Caledonian Railway were also authorised on 31 July 1845.[2][page needed][3][page needed]

The Dundee and Newtyle Railway had been built in 1831 to connect the growing Burgh of Dundee with the fertile broad valley of Strathmore; it terminated at Newtyle which was then no more than a farm, intended as a railhead. This proved unpopular and two nominally independent extension railways were built, the Newtyle and Coupar Angus Railway and the Newtyle and Glammiss Railway. (Glammiss is spelt Glamis nowadays.) These railways opened in 1837, but they hardly added to the traffic of the Dundee line.

Leaving Newtyle the two lines turned away from one another and together formed a nearly straight axis that suited the intended route of the SMJR; the authorising Act empowered the SMJR to acquire them and incorporate their lines into the SMJR main line.[1][page needed][4][5][6][page needed]

A possible lease

After lengthy discussions, the SMJR agreed to lease its line to the Scottish Central Railway by decision of 18 February 1847; the lease charge was to be 6% on the SMJR capital of £600,000.[note 1]

The Caledonian had assumed that it was going to lease the Scottish Central Railway, but this was not confirmed. The SCR lease of the SMJR seems not to have proceeded, for in 1848 the Caledonian was negotiating to lease the SMJR direct, and on 5 May 1848 agreement was finalised; the Caledonian would pay 6% on the SMJR capital, now quoted as £500,000.[7] The lease arrangement was modified to be joint with the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway on an agreed traffic sharing system; but it needed to be ratified by Parliament.[8]

Opening

The two Newtyle lines had been constructed to the track gauge of 4 ft 6+1⁄2 in (1,384 mm) as a single line using stone block sleepers. This had to be converted to a more robust track construction as a double line; they were closed in 1847 for the purpose. The SMJR main line, including the converted sections, was opened on 20 August 1848. Through trains started to run from Glasgow and Edinburgh to Forfar over the line and the SCR.[1][page needed][9][page needed] However, in 1849 it was reported that "many of the stations were unfinished and there was virtually no goods traffic".[1][page needed]

The lease rejected by Parliament

The Caledonian Railway relations with the Edinburgh and Glasgow were somewhat stormy, and lurched from friendly to hostile. The lease of the SMJR required Parliamentary authorisation, and a joint Bill was prepared for the 1849 session. However, in February 1849 it became clear that any alliance between the Caledonian and the E&GR was impossible and the Caledonian declined to proceed with the Bill, and the lease.[1][page needed]

In 1854 the SCR was still independent, and was negotiating with the SMJR for an amalgamation of the two companies. At this time the attitude of Parliament was hostile to mergers of railways, and the proposal was rejected.

From this time there was a "loose amalgamation" between the SCR, the SMJR and the Aberdeen Railway: they worked collaboratively but remained separate companies. This ended on 29 July 1856 when they formally amalgamated, to form the Scottish North Eastern Railway.[1][page needed]

Branches

On 26 June 1846 the SMJR obtained authorisation to build three branches: to Dunkeld, to Kirriemuir and to Blairgowrie.[2][page needed] In fact only the Blairgowrie branch was constructed during the lifetime of the SMJR. The Dunkeld branch was actually built by an independent company, the Perth and Dunkeld Railway. It left the SMJR main line at Stanley Junction, and was opened on 7 April 1856. It was worked by the SMJR. The Perth and Dunkeld Railway was taken over in 1864 as part of a scheme to connect Perth and Inverness, by what became the Highland Railway.

The Kirriemuir branch was opened in November 1854.[note 2][10][11][page needed][12][page needed][13][page needed]

Most trains continued to Forfar, and when the Dundee and Forfar direct line opened, to Dundee.[13][page needed]

The Blairgowrie branch left the main line at Coupar Angus; it opened for passengers on 1 August 1855, and for goods on 21 August 1855. Blairgowrie was an industrial centre for jute manufacture, and for soft fruit. The line descended sharply from Coupar Angus to the crossing of the River Isla, and then climbed again to the terminus. The Isla bridge was at first a twelve-span timber viaduct. On 3 February 1881 the river was in spate with large blocks of ice striking the piers of the bridge. The structure survived, but it was replaced by a stone and wrought iron bridge soon afterwards.[14][page needed] In later years there were typically five passenger trains daily.[15][page needed]

The SMJR had inherited the short branch to Newtyle by its acquisition of the Coupar Angus and Glammiss lines.

Other branches were constructed off the SMJR main line after the company was amalgamated.

Absorption

On 29 July 1856 the Scottish North Eastern Railway was formed by the amalgamation of the SMJR, the Scottish Central Railway and the Aberdeen Railway, forming a continuous line between Perth and Aberdeen. The SNER itself was absorbed by the Caledonian Railway by Act of Parliament on 10 August 1866.[16][page needed][1][page needed]

Subsequent history

Firmly aligned to the Caledonian Railway, the route formed an important artery feeding Aberdeen traffic to central Scotland and the south. While express passenger trains caught the public eye, there was a substantial goods traffic; cattle were particularly dominant. Large structures on the line were constructed in laminated timber, but in the 1880s these were in poor condition and inadequate for the heavier and faster traffic of those days, and widespread reconstruction in stone and wrought iron was undertaken.

As part of a route between London and Aberdeen, the line was rivalled by the North British Railway route on the east coast via Dundee. As publicity became important, the two routes competed for the title of the fastest transit, and in 1888 and again in 1895 spectacularly fast journeys were made; the rivalry was known as the Railway race to the north.[17][page needed]

Model of Caledonian Railway Class "769" or "Dunalastair II". At the Museum of Transport, Glasgow, 03/07.

The early passenger engines used on the line were 2-4-0s. At the end of the 19th century and, after the line had been upgraded, the Caledonian Railway introduced the very successful 4-4-0 Dunalastair class of locomotives.

In the late 1950s the line became a speeding ground for the three-hour Glasgow-to-Aberdeen expresses using Gresley A4 Pacifics displaced by dieselisation of long distance main line expresses. The route carried the last regular steam hauled passenger trains timed at over 60 mph (97 km/h).[18][page needed]

The Blairgowrie branch closed to passengers on 10 January 1955, and completely on 6 December 1965. The section from Alyth West Junction to Newtyle, the west curve built by the Newtyle and Coupar angus Railway, was used by Blairgowrie passenger trains and when the Blairgowrie passenger service was discontinued, the curve closed too.[15][page needed]

The Kirriemuir branch closed to passengers on 4 August 1952 and completely in 1965.[13][page needed]

There were two routes from central Scotland to Aberdeen, and during the process of rationalisation of the railways in the 1960s, the Dundee route was selected. Closure of the SMJR main line was inevitable and took place for passengers on 4 September 1967. The line was retained from Stanley Junction to Forfar for goods trains until 1982.[19][page needed]

The Perth to Inverness line used the SMJR route as far as Stanley Junction, north of Perth. That line remains in use and the section from Perth to Stanley Junction is the only part of the SMJR that is still open to traffic.[9][page needed]

Route

The line ran from Perth to Forfar, with branches to Kirriemuir, Newtyle and Blairgowrie.

Location Opened Closed Notes
Main line
Perth Scottish Central Railway station; connects with Dundee and Perth Railway and Scottish Central Railway
Almond Valley Junction connects with Perth, Almond Valley & Methven Railway
Muirton Halt 1939 21 November 1959 unadvertised halt with limited service
Luncarty 2 August 1848 18 June 1951
Dunkeld Road June 1849 13 April 1931 very limited service, sometimes as "Strathord Siding", February 1857 to January 1867; then fully open as Strathord; connects with Bankfoot Railway
Stanley 2 August 1848 11 June 1956 sometimes shown as Stanley Junction; relocated northwards probably in 1857
Stanley Junction facing junction; connects with Perth and Dunkeld Railway
Ballathie 2 August 1848 July 1868
Cargill 2 August 1848 11 June 1956
Woodside 1 January 1858 11 June 1956 renamed Woodside and Burrelton 1905; renamed Burrelton 1927
Coupar Angus 24 April 1837 (N&CAR)
2 August 1848		 6 September 1847
4 September 1967		 despite the name the station is in Perthshire[19][page needed]; line from Blairgowrie trailed in
Ardler 24 February 1837 (N&CAR)
2 August 1848		 6 September 1847
11 June 1956
Alyth Junction connects with Alyth Railway
Washington 24 February 1837 6 September 1847
Ardler West Junction facing junction to Newtyle
Meigle 1861 4 September 1967 trailing junction from flyover line from Newtyle; renamed Alyth Junction 1876
Meigle Junction trailing junction from Newtyle; original Newtyle and Glammiss Railway (N&GR)
Meigle Junction 4 June 1838 1861 replaced by Meigle
Kirkinch 4 June 1838 1847
Eassie 4 June 1838 (N&GR)
2 August 1848		 October 1847
11 June 1956
Leason Hill 4 June 1838 1847
Glammiss 4 June 1838 (N&GR) 11 June 1956 soon renamed Glamis
Kirriemuir Junction December 1854 June 1864? Kirriemuir branch trailed in; may have been retained as an exchange station
Forfar South Junction 1895 connects with Forfar and Brechin Railway
Forfar 2 August 1848 4 September 1967 known at first as Forfar Joint
Forfar East Junction connects with existing Arbroath and Forfar Railway
Blairgowrie branch
Blairgowrie 1 August 1855 10 January 1955
Rosemount September 1857 10 January 1955 later Rosemount Halt
Coupar Angus see Main line
Kirriemuir branch December 1854 4 August 1952 remained open for goods
Kirriemuir
Kirriemuir Junction see Main line[20][page needed][12][page needed][15][page needed]

Notes

  1. ^ From Ross, page 39; the capital quoted is at considerable variance from Carter. On page 45 Ross quotes the SMJR capital as £500,000.
  2. ^ According to Bradshaw; Quick says December 1854; Ferguson says (on page 80) that in November 1854 the SMJR informed Captain Tyler that improvements he had required during a previous inspection had been carried out, and Tyler advised the Board of Trade that the line could open without a re-inspection; Awdry says November 1855 (on page 102); Cobb says 1855; Thomas and Turnock say 12 August 1861 (page 314); Butt says 12 August 1861 (for passengers); Stansfield says August 1861; Ferguson is silent on the matter.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Ross, David (2014). The Caledonian: Scotland's Imperial Railway: A History. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1840-335842.
  2. ^ a b Carter, E.F. (1959). An Historical Geography of the Railways of the British Isles. London: Cassell.
  3. ^ Marshall, Peter (1998). The Scottish Central Railway: Perth to Stirling. Usk: Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-8536-1522-5.
  4. ^ Lythe, S.G.E. (August 1951). "The Dundee and Newtyle Railway: 1 - Promotion and Management, 1825 - 1846". Railway Magazine.
  5. ^ Lee, Charles E. (October 1951). "The Dundee and Newtyle Railway: 2 - Engineering and Operation". Railway Magazine.
  6. ^ Marshall, Peter (1996). The Railways of Dundee. Headington: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-482-2.
  7. ^ Ross, page 46
  8. ^ Ross, page 47
  9. ^ a b Thomas, John; Turnock, David (1989). A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain. Vol. 15: North of Scotland. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-946537-03-8.
  10. ^ Bradshaw's Railway Manual, Shareholders' Guide, and Official Directory for 1862. London: W.J. Adams. 1862. p. 254.
  11. ^ Ferguson, Niall (2000). The Arbroath and Forfar Railway: The Dundee Direct Line and the Kirriemuir Branch. Usk: Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-545-4.
  12. ^ a b Cobb, Col. M.H. (2003). The Railways of Great Britain – A Historical Atlas. Shepperton: Ian Allan Publishing Limited. ISBN 07110-3003-0.
  13. ^ a b c Stansfield, Gordon (2000). Angus and Kincardineshire's Lost Railways. Ochiltree: Stenlake Publishing. ISBN 1-84033-111-9.
  14. ^ Smith, W.A.C.; Anderson, Paul (1997). Tayside's Railways - Dundee and Perth. Clophill: Irwell Press. ISBN 1-871608-73-2.
  15. ^ a b c Stansfield, Gordon (2001). Perthsire and Kinross-shire's Lost Railways. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing. ISBN 1-84033-153-4.
  16. ^ Awdry, Christopher (1990). Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies. Sparkford: Patrick & Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0049-7.
  17. ^ Nock, O.S. (1958). The Railway Race to the North. Shepperton: Ian Allan.
  18. ^ Thomas, John (1976). Forgotten Railways: Scotland. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7185-1.
  19. ^ a b Goode, C.T. (1988). Railways of Strathmore. Hull: C.T. Goode. ISBN 1-870-313-05-4.
  20. ^ Quick, M.E. (2002). Railway Passenger Stations in England Scotland and Wales—A Chronology. The Railway and Canal Historical Society.

Further reading

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