Ely, Cambridgeshire: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Notable buildings: Reworded to include Alcock's founding of Jesus College though sentence is now too unwieldy. Will fix later if someone doesn't beat me to it
Malleus Fatuorum (talk | contribs)
145,401 edits
ce
(8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 21: Line 21:
|os_grid_reference = TL535799
|os_grid_reference = TL535799
|static_image_name = Ely Cathedral 3.jpg
|static_image_name = Ely Cathedral 3.jpg
|static_image_caption = [[Ely Cathedral]] whose octagon is one of the wonders of the medieval world<ref>{{Harvnb|Andrews|2004|p=596}}</ref>
|static_image_caption = [[Ely Cathedral]]'s octagon is one of the wonders of the medieval world.<ref>{{Harvnb|Andrews|2004|p=596}}</ref>
| website = [http://eastcambs.gov.uk/ East Cambridgeshire District Council]
| website = [http://eastcambs.gov.uk/ East Cambridgeshire District Council]
}}
}}
'''Ely''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-Ely.ogg|ˈ|iː|l|i}} {{respell|EE|lee}}) is a [[cathedral city]] in [[Cambridgeshire]], England. It is located 14&nbsp;miles (23&nbsp;km) north-northeast of [[Cambridge]] and about {{convert|80|mi|km|0}} by road from [[London]].
'''Ely''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-Ely.ogg|ˈ|iː|l|i}} {{respell|EE|lee}}) is a [[cathedral city]] in [[Cambridgeshire]], England. It is 14&nbsp;miles (23&nbsp;km) north-northeast of [[Cambridge]] and about {{convert|80|mi|km|0}} by road from [[London]].


[[Æthelthryth]] (Etheldreda) founded an [[abbey]] on the island of Ely in AD&nbsp;673 which was destroyed in 870 by Danish invaders. The abbey was re-dedicated to Etheldreda by [[Æthelwold_of_Winchester|Ethelwold]], [[Bishop]] of [[Winchester]], in 970. Construction of the [[cathedral]] was started in 1083 by the first [[Anglo-Norman|Norman]] Bishop, [[Simeon_(abbot)|Simeon]]. [[Sacrist]] [[Alan of Walsingham]]'s octagon, built over Ely's [[nave]] [[Crossing_(architecture)|crossing]] between 1322 and 1328 is considered by some to be one of the wonders of the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] world. Building continued until the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|dissolution]] of the abbey in 1539 during the [[Protestant Reformation#Church of England|Reformation]]. The works of [[Chorography|chorographic]] [[surveying|surveyor]] [[William Camden]] in 1586 and the [[journalist]] [[William Cobbett]] in 1830 chart a long period of degeneration. During the [[Gothic revival]], the cathedral was sympathetically restored between 1845 and 1870 by the architect [[George Gilbert Scott]]. Ely's regeneration continued with the coming of the [[Rail_transport#The_earliest_British_steam_railways|railways]] in 1845. [[Ely railway station]], on the [[Fen Line]], is now a major railway hub: north to [[King's Lynn]], north-west to [[Peterborough]], east to [[Norwich]], south-east to [[Ipswich]] and south to [[Cambridge]] and [[London]].
[[Æthelthryth]] (Etheldreda) founded an [[abbey]] on the island of Ely in AD&nbsp;673 which was destroyed in 870 by Danish invaders. The abbey was re-dedicated to Etheldreda by [[Æthelwold_of_Winchester|Ethelwold]], [[Bishop]] of [[Winchester]], in 970. Construction of the [[cathedral]] was started in 1083 by the first [[Anglo-Norman|Norman]] bishop, [[Simeon_(abbot)|Simeon]]. [[Sacrist]] [[Alan of Walsingham]]'s octagon, built over Ely's [[nave]] [[Crossing_(architecture)|crossing]] between 1322 and 1328, is considered by some to be one of the wonders of the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] world. Building continued until the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|dissolution]] of the abbey in 1539 during the [[Protestant Reformation#Church of England|Reformation]]. The works of [[Chorography|chorographic]] [[surveying|surveyor]] [[William Camden]] in 1586 and the [[journalist]] [[William Cobbett]] in 1830 chart a long period of degeneration. During the [[Gothic revival]], the cathedral was sympathetically restored between 1845 and 1870 by the architect [[George Gilbert Scott]]. Ely's regeneration continued with the coming of the [[Rail_transport#The_earliest_British_steam_railways|railways]] in 1845. [[Ely railway station]], on the [[Fen Line]], is now a major railway hub: north to [[King's Lynn]], north-west to [[Peterborough]], east to [[Norwich]], south-east to [[Ipswich]] and south to Cambridge and London.


Ely, with a maximum [[elevation]] of {{convert|85|ft|m}}, is a {{convert|23|sqmi|km2|adj=on}} [[Lower Greensand]] island which forms the highest land within [[the Fens]]. Major rivers including the [[River Witham|Witham]], [[River Welland|Welland]], [[River Nene|Nene]] and [[River Great Ouse|Great Ouse]], feed into the Fens and, until man-assisted draining commencing in the seventeenth century, formed fresh-water [[marsh]]es and [[Mere (lake)|mere]]s within which grew [[peat]]. There are two [[Site of Special Scientific Interest|sites of special scientific interest]] in city; a former [[Kimmeridge Clay]] [[quarry]] and one of the United Kingdom's best remaining examples of medieval [[ridge and furrow]] agriculture. The [[town]] of Ely was long considered a [[city]] by virtue of being the seat of a [[diocese]]. In 1974 [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]] was confirmed by [[royal charter]] on the Ely [[Parish councils in England|parish council]]. The economy of the region is mainly agricultural, although before [[Drainage_system_(agriculture)|drainage]] of the fens the harvesting of [[Salix_viminalis|osier]] (rush) and [[Cyperaceae|sedge]] and the extraction of peat were important activities, as were [[eel]] fishing and [[fowling]]. The city has been the centre of local pottery production for over seven hundred&nbsp;years, including pottery known as Babylon-ware.
Ely, with a maximum elevation of {{convert|85|ft|m}}, is a {{convert|23|sqmi|km2|adj=on}} [[Lower Greensand]] island, the highest land within [[the Fens]]. Major rivers including the [[River Witham|Witham]], [[River Welland|Welland]], [[River Nene|Nene]] and [[River Great Ouse|Great Ouse]], feed into the Fens and, until man-assisted draining commencing in the seventeenth century, formed fresh-water [[marsh]]es and [[Mere (lake)|mere]]s within which [[peat]] was laid down. There are two [[Site of Special Scientific Interest|sites of special scientific interest]] in city; a former [[Kimmeridge Clay]] [[quarry]] and one of the United Kingdom's best remaining examples of medieval [[ridge and furrow]] agriculture. The town of Ely was long considered a [[city]] by virtue of being the seat of a [[diocese]]. In 1974 [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]] was confirmed by [[royal charter]] on the Ely [[Parish councils in England|parish council]]. The economy of the region is mainly agricultural, although before the fens were [[Drainage_system_(agriculture)|drained]] the harvesting of [[Salix_viminalis|osier]] (rush) and [[Cyperaceae|sedge]] and the extraction of peat were important activities, as were [[eel]] fishing and [[fowling]]. The city has been the centre of local pottery production for over seven hundred&nbsp;years, including pottery known as Babylon-ware.


The [[Roman Britain|Roman]] Road Akeman Street (not to be confused with [[Akeman Street]]), from [[Ermine Street]] near [[Wimpole]] to [[Brancaster]], passed to central Ely. Little direct evidence of significant Roman occupation exists within Ely itself, although Roman settlements are known nearby at places such as [[Little Thetford]] and [[Stretham]]. In 1753 a coach route existed between Cambridge and Ely; this was improved in 1769 as a [[Turnpike_trust|turnpike]] (toll-road). The present day [[A10 road (England)|A10]] closely follows this route. The south-western [[Bypass_(road)|bypass]] of the city of Ely was built in 1986.
The [[Roman Britain|Roman]] Road Akeman Street (not to be confused with [[Akeman Street]]), from [[Ermine Street]] near [[Wimpole]] to [[Brancaster]], passed to central Ely. Little direct evidence of significant Roman occupation exists within Ely itself, although Roman settlements are known nearby at places such as [[Little Thetford]] and [[Stretham]]. In 1753 a coach route existed between Cambridge and Ely; this was improved in 1769 as a [[Turnpike_trust|turnpike]] (toll-road). The present day [[A10 road (England)|A10]] closely follows this route. The south-western [[Bypass_(road)|bypass]] of the city of Ely was built in 1986.
Line 236: Line 236:
Cherry Hill, on the south of the cathedral park, is the remains of the [[Norman_conquest_of_England|Norman]] period [[motte-and-bailey]] [[Ely Castle]].<ref name=ElyCity>{{Harvnb|Hampson|Atkinson|1953|p=28}}</ref> The earliest record of this {{convert|40|ft|m|adj=on}}&nbsp;high by {{convert|250|ft|m}}&nbsp;diameter castle is in the time of [[Henry I of England|Henry I]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|1977|p=380}}</ref> Two twelfth-century hospitals, St Mary Magdalene founded 1172 and St John the Baptist founded circa 1200, were on the site of what is now a four building farmstead. Building dates are not known but the extant remains indicate circa&nbsp;1175&ndash;85.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|1977|p=376}}</ref> [[Hugh of Northwold|Bishop Northwold]] joined the two hospitals in 1240. The farmsteads Grade I [[listed building]] status was split when graded on 23&nbsp;September 1950 into St John's Farmhouse,<ref>{{IoE|48777| - St John's Farmhouse medieval (Grade I)|accessdate=31&nbsp;October 2011}}</ref> a barn to the south-west (formerly chapel of St John),<ref>{{IoE|48781| - Barn to south-west of St John's Farmhouse (Grade I)|accessdate=31&nbsp;October 2011}}</ref> a barn to the north (formerly chapel of St Mary)<ref>{{IoE|48778| - Barn to north of St John's Farmhouse (Grade I)|accessdate=31&nbsp;October 2011}}</ref> and a [[dovecote]].<ref>{{IoE|48779| -Dovecote to St John's Farm (Grade I)|accessdate=31&nbsp;October 2011}}</ref> Above the north doorway of the south-western barn of St John's farmhouse is a carved [[Barnack stone]] which is built into the thirteenth-century wall. The stone is thought to have originally come from the [[Anglo-Saxon]] monastery of [[Æthelthryth|St Ethelreda]].{{#tag:ref|Cobbett writes "I do not claim that this stone formed part of Ethelreda's original monastery, and is of seventh century date, though this is just possible; but rather that it belonged to the monastery which she founded in 673 and was carried on by her royal sisters after her death".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cobbett|first=L|title=The hospitals of St John the Baptist and St Mary Magdalene at Ely, and the remains of Gothic buildings still to be seen there at St John's Farm|journal=Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society. 1932&ndash;1936|date=27&nbsp;May 1935|volume=Vol.&nbsp;34&ndash;37|page=73|accessdate=9&nbsp;November 2011}}</ref>|group=lower-roman}} This heavily weathered eighth-century stone shows a man blowing a horn whilst riding on an ox.<ref name=PastscapeBarn>{{cite web|title=Hospitals of St Mary Magdalene and St John the Baptist|url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=375292&sort=4&search=all&criteria=Ely%20cathedral&rational=q&recordsperpage=10|work=National Monument Records: Pastscape|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=8&nbsp;November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|1977|p=382}}</ref>
Cherry Hill, on the south of the cathedral park, is the remains of the [[Norman_conquest_of_England|Norman]] period [[motte-and-bailey]] [[Ely Castle]].<ref name=ElyCity>{{Harvnb|Hampson|Atkinson|1953|p=28}}</ref> The earliest record of this {{convert|40|ft|m|adj=on}}&nbsp;high by {{convert|250|ft|m}}&nbsp;diameter castle is in the time of [[Henry I of England|Henry I]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|1977|p=380}}</ref> Two twelfth-century hospitals, St Mary Magdalene founded 1172 and St John the Baptist founded circa 1200, were on the site of what is now a four building farmstead. Building dates are not known but the extant remains indicate circa&nbsp;1175&ndash;85.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|1977|p=376}}</ref> [[Hugh of Northwold|Bishop Northwold]] joined the two hospitals in 1240. The farmsteads Grade I [[listed building]] status was split when graded on 23&nbsp;September 1950 into St John's Farmhouse,<ref>{{IoE|48777| - St John's Farmhouse medieval (Grade I)|accessdate=31&nbsp;October 2011}}</ref> a barn to the south-west (formerly chapel of St John),<ref>{{IoE|48781| - Barn to south-west of St John's Farmhouse (Grade I)|accessdate=31&nbsp;October 2011}}</ref> a barn to the north (formerly chapel of St Mary)<ref>{{IoE|48778| - Barn to north of St John's Farmhouse (Grade I)|accessdate=31&nbsp;October 2011}}</ref> and a [[dovecote]].<ref>{{IoE|48779| -Dovecote to St John's Farm (Grade I)|accessdate=31&nbsp;October 2011}}</ref> Above the north doorway of the south-western barn of St John's farmhouse is a carved [[Barnack stone]] which is built into the thirteenth-century wall. The stone is thought to have originally come from the [[Anglo-Saxon]] monastery of [[Æthelthryth|St Ethelreda]].{{#tag:ref|Cobbett writes "I do not claim that this stone formed part of Ethelreda's original monastery, and is of seventh century date, though this is just possible; but rather that it belonged to the monastery which she founded in 673 and was carried on by her royal sisters after her death".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cobbett|first=L|title=The hospitals of St John the Baptist and St Mary Magdalene at Ely, and the remains of Gothic buildings still to be seen there at St John's Farm|journal=Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society. 1932&ndash;1936|date=27&nbsp;May 1935|volume=Vol.&nbsp;34&ndash;37|page=73|accessdate=9&nbsp;November 2011}}</ref>|group=lower-roman}} This heavily weathered eighth-century stone shows a man blowing a horn whilst riding on an ox.<ref name=PastscapeBarn>{{cite web|title=Hospitals of St Mary Magdalene and St John the Baptist|url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=375292&sort=4&search=all&criteria=Ely%20cathedral&rational=q&recordsperpage=10|work=National Monument Records: Pastscape|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=8&nbsp;November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|1977|p=382}}</ref>


[[John Alcock (bishop)|John Alcock]], Bishop of Ely and 1497 founder of [[Jesus College, Cambridge]]<ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|1977|p=83}}</ref>, constructed the Bishop's Palace in Ely during his bishopric between 1486&ndash;1501, though, of the original fabric, only the east tower and the lower part of the west tower remain.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|1977|p=378}}</ref> [[Benjamin_Lany]], Bishop of Ely between 1667&ndash;1675, demolished much of Alcock's work and thus became responsible for most of the building we see today.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hampson|Atkinson|1967|p=82}}</ref> This Grade I listed building is situated south-west of and close to the west end of the cathedral, opposite the original village green, now named Palace Green.<ref>{{IoE|48713| - Bishop's Palace, Palace Green, Ely (Grade I)|accessdate=21&nbsp;November 2011}}</ref>
[[John Alcock (bishop)|John Alcock]], Bishop of Ely and founder of [[Jesus College, Cambridge]] in 1497,<ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|1977|p=83}}</ref> constructed the Bishop's Palace in Ely during his bishopric, between 1486 and 1501; of the original fabric, only the east tower and the lower part of the west tower remain.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|1977|p=378}}</ref> [[Benjamin_Lany]], Bishop of Ely from 1667 until 1675, demolished much of Alcock's work and thus became responsible for most of the present-day building.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hampson|Atkinson|1967|p=82}}</ref> This Grade I listed building is south-west of and close to the west end of the cathedral, opposite the original village green, now named Palace Green.<ref>{{IoE|48713| - Bishop's Palace, Palace Green, Ely (Grade I)|accessdate=21&nbsp;November 2011}}</ref>


St Mary's Vicarage, known more locally as Cromwell House, is of mainly sixteenth-century [[Timber framing|plaster-frame]] construction although there exists some circa&nbsp;1380 stone arches. A plaque on the front of the house records that this is "... Cromwell House, the residence of [[Oliver Cromwell]] from 1636-1647 when collector of Ely [[Tithe]]s".<ref>{{IoE|48811| - St Mary's vicarage (Grade II*)|accessdate=8&nbsp;November 2011}}</ref> Its main contemporary use is as a re-creation of seventeenth century living and the Ely tourist information centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oliver Cromwell's House|url=http://visitely.eastcambs.gov.uk/cromwell/oliver-cromwells-house|work=Council web site|publisher=East Cambridgeshire District Coucil|accessdate=8&nbsp;November 2011}}</ref>
St Mary's Vicarage, better known locally as Cromwell House, is of mainly sixteenth-century [[Timber framing|plaster-frame]] construction although there exists some circa&nbsp;1380 stone arches. A plaque on the front of the house records that this is "... Cromwell House, the residence of [[Oliver Cromwell]] from 1636-1647 when collector of Ely [[Tithe]]s".<ref>{{IoE|48811| - St Mary's vicarage (Grade II*)|accessdate=8&nbsp;November 2011}}</ref> Its main contemporary use is as a re-creation of seventeenth century living and the Ely tourist information centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oliver Cromwell's House|url=http://visitely.eastcambs.gov.uk/cromwell/oliver-cromwells-house|work=Council web site|publisher=East Cambridgeshire District Coucil|accessdate=8&nbsp;November 2011}}</ref>


The city's courthouse was built in 1821, replacing a previous court in the Shire Hall.<ref>{{cite news|title=What is to become of the Ely Courthouse?|url=http://www.elypeople.co.uk/news/Ely-Courthouse/story-10936741-detail/story.html|accessdate=4&nbsp;November 2011|newspaper=Ely People|date=8&nbsp;April 2007}}</ref> It was closed in 2011 as part of central government measures to shut down 93 [[Magistrates' Court]]s across England and Wales.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-12847768|date=24&nbsp;March 2011|accessdate=14&nbsp;April 2011|title=Ely Magistrates' Court closes doors for the last time|publisher=BBC}}</ref>
The city's courthouse was built in 1821, replacing a previous court in the Shire Hall.<ref>{{cite news|title=What is to become of the Ely Courthouse?|url=http://www.elypeople.co.uk/news/Ely-Courthouse/story-10936741-detail/story.html|accessdate=4&nbsp;November 2011|newspaper=Ely People|date=8&nbsp;April 2007}}</ref> It was closed in 2011 as part of central government measures to shut down 93 [[Magistrates' Court]]s across England and Wales.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-12847768|date=24&nbsp;March 2011|accessdate=14&nbsp;April 2011|title=Ely Magistrates' Court closes doors for the last time|publisher=BBC}}</ref>

Revision as of 18:51, 26 November 2011

City of Ely
Ely Cathedral's octagon is one of the wonders of the medieval world.[1]
Area23 sq mi (60 km2) [2]
Population15,102 (2001 Census)
• Density657/sq mi (254/km2)
OS grid referenceTL535799
Civil parish
  • Ely
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townELY
Postcode districtCB6, CB7
Dialling code01353
PoliceCambridgeshire
FireCambridgeshire
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
WebsiteEast Cambridgeshire District Council
List of places
UK
England
Cambridgeshire

Ely (/ˈiːli/ ⓘ EE-lee) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England. It is 14 miles (23 km) north-northeast of Cambridge and about 80 miles (129 km) by road from London.

Æthelthryth (Etheldreda) founded an abbey on the island of Ely in AD 673 which was destroyed in 870 by Danish invaders. The abbey was re-dedicated to Etheldreda by Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester, in 970. Construction of the cathedral was started in 1083 by the first Norman bishop, Simeon. Sacrist Alan of Walsingham's octagon, built over Ely's nave crossing between 1322 and 1328, is considered by some to be one of the wonders of the medieval world. Building continued until the dissolution of the abbey in 1539 during the Reformation. The works of chorographic surveyor William Camden in 1586 and the journalist William Cobbett in 1830 chart a long period of degeneration. During the Gothic revival, the cathedral was sympathetically restored between 1845 and 1870 by the architect George Gilbert Scott. Ely's regeneration continued with the coming of the railways in 1845. Ely railway station, on the Fen Line, is now a major railway hub: north to King's Lynn, north-west to Peterborough, east to Norwich, south-east to Ipswich and south to Cambridge and London.

Ely, with a maximum elevation of 85 feet (26 m), is a 23-square-mile (60 km2) Lower Greensand island, the highest land within the Fens. Major rivers including the Witham, Welland, Nene and Great Ouse, feed into the Fens and, until man-assisted draining commencing in the seventeenth century, formed fresh-water marshes and meres within which peat was laid down. There are two sites of special scientific interest in city; a former Kimmeridge Clay quarry and one of the United Kingdom's best remaining examples of medieval ridge and furrow agriculture. The town of Ely was long considered a city by virtue of being the seat of a diocese. In 1974 city status was confirmed by royal charter on the Ely parish council. The economy of the region is mainly agricultural, although before the fens were drained the harvesting of osier (rush) and sedge and the extraction of peat were important activities, as were eel fishing and fowling. The city has been the centre of local pottery production for over seven hundred years, including pottery known as Babylon-ware.

The Roman Road Akeman Street (not to be confused with Akeman Street), from Ermine Street near Wimpole to Brancaster, passed to central Ely. Little direct evidence of significant Roman occupation exists within Ely itself, although Roman settlements are known nearby at places such as Little Thetford and Stretham. In 1753 a coach route existed between Cambridge and Ely; this was improved in 1769 as a turnpike (toll-road). The present day A10 closely follows this route. The south-western bypass of the city of Ely was built in 1986.

History

Roswell Pits[i] are a palaeontologically significant Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) 1 mile (1.6 km) north-east of the city. The Jurassic Kimmeridge Clays were mined in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries for the maintenance of river embankments. During this process many specimens of ammonites, belemnites and bivalves were found including most of a Pliosaurus.[5]

The name Ely comes from Old English Ēl-gē meaning "eel region", from the eels abundant in the marshes around; Elge 731,Elyg 1086 (Domesday Book).[6][7]

The city's origins lay in the foundation of an abbey in AD 673,[8][9] a mile (1.6 km) to the north of the village of Cratendune on the Isle of Ely, under the protection of St Ethelreda, daughter of King Anna. The abbey was destroyed in 870 by Danish invaders[10] and not rebuilt for over a hundred years. The city took part in the Peasants' Revoltof 1381.[11]

John Speed's plan of Ely, 1610
John Speed's plan of Ely, 1610.[ii] He names the cathedral St Peter's and he shows a windmill on Mount Hill. Since Bentham's time, Mount Hill has been called Cherry Hill.

Oliver Cromwell lived in Ely for several years after inheriting the position of local tax collector in 1636.[14] His former home dates to the sixteenth century[15] and is now used by the Tourist Information Office, as well as being a museum with rooms displayed as they would have been in Cromwell's time. Cromwell was one of the Governors of the Thomas Parson's Charity,[16] which dates back to the fifteenth century (1445) and was granted a Royal Charter by Charles I. The Original Charter and copies of the Minute Book containing Oliver Cromwell's handwriting and signature have been loaned to the Ely Museum. The Charity still provides Grants and Housing to deserving local applicants.

There was a kind of workhouse in 1687, perhaps at St Mary's, which may have been part of the arrangement made between the Ely people and a Norwich man in 1675. He was paid £30 per annum to employ the poor to 'spin jersey' and was to pay them in money not goods.[17] A purpose-built workhouse was erected in 1725 for 35 inmates on what is now St Mary's Court. Four other workhouses existed: 1738–1956 Holy Trinity on Fore Hill for 80 inmates, 1837– Ely Union which became Tower Hospital and is now the residential Tower Court, The Haven Quayside for unmarried mothers and finally the site of what is now the Hereward Hall in Silver Street.[18]

The diaries of writers such as William Camden, Celia Fiennes, Daniel Defoe, John Byng and William Cobbett show a picture of the decline of Ely and its cathedral following the fourteenth-century plague and sixteenth-century reformation which in turn led to the dissolution of the abbey in 1539.[19] In the Britannia edition of 1607—first published in 1586 and translated from the original Latin by Philemon Holland in 1610—Camden records that "As for Ely it selfe, it is no small Citie, or greatly to be counted off either for beauty or frequency and resort, as having an unwholsome aire by reason of the fens round about, ...".[iii] In 1698, Fiennes was writing "The Bishop [Simon Patrick] does not Care to stay long in this place not being for his health; ... They have lost their Charter ... and its a shame [the Bishop] does not see it better ordered and ye buildings and streetes put in a better Condition. They are a slothful people and for little but ye takeing Care of their Grounds and Cattle wch is of vast advantage".[21] Defoe, writing in the Eastern Counties section of A tour thro' the whole island of Great Britain in 1722, went "... to Ely, whose cathedral, standing in a level flat country, is seen far and wide; ... that some of it is so antient, totters so much with every gust of wind, looks so like a decay, and seems so near it, that when ever it does fall, all that 'tis likely will be thought strange in it, will be, that it did not fall a hundred years sooner".[22] On his way to a Midlands tour, Byng visited Ely on the 5 July 1790. In his diary[iv] he writes that "The town [Ely] is mean, to the extreme; ... those withdrawn, their dependancies must decay; ...".[23] Recording in his Rural Rides on 25 March 1830, Cobbett informs us that "Ely is what one may call a miserable little town: very prettily situated, but poor and mean. Everything seems to be on the decline, as, indeed, is the case everywhere, where the clergy are the masters".[24]

The Ely and Littleport riots occurred between 22 and 24 May 1816 at Littleport and Ely. At the Special Commission assizes, held at Ely between 17 and 22 June 1816, twenty-four rioters were condemned. Nineteen had their sentences variously commuted from penal transportation for life to twelve-months imprisonment. Five of the twenty-four were executed on 28 June 1816.[25] Ely Cathedral was "... the first great cathedral to be thoroughly restored".[26] Work commenced in 1845 and completed nearly thirty years later; most of the work was, according to Dorman, sympathetically carried out by the architect George Gilbert Scott.[27] The only pavement labyrinth to be installed in an English cathedral was installed below Ely's west tower in 1870.[28][29]

Modern times

For over 800 years the cathedral—built on an elevation of 68 feet (21 m) above the nearby fens—and its associated buildings, visually influenced the city and its surrounding area. They still do. Jones writing in 1924 reports that "... from the roof of King's Chapel in Cambridge, on a clear day, Ely [cathedral] can be seen on the horizon, 16 miles (26 km) distant, an expression of the flatness of The Fens".[30] In 1954, Pevsner wrote "... as one approaches Ely on foot or on a bicycle, or perhaps in an open car, the cathedral dominates the picture for miles around". He continues "... and offers from everywhere an outline different from that of any other English cathedral".[31] Blakeman reports a claim that "Grouped around [the cathedral] ... is the largest collection of mediaeval [sic] buildings still in daily use in this country".[32]

As the seat of a diocese with a cathedral, Ely has long been considered a city: the caption underneath John Speed's 1610 plan of Ely[33] reads "Although this Citie of Ely ..." and Aikin refers to Ely as a city in 1800.[34] The town of Ely, however, was not formally granted city status until 1 April 1974 by the Queen using letters patent. In the same announcement and by the same means, other English settlements were made cities such as the Parish of Wells and the Borough of York.[35] Ely's population of 15,102 classifies it as one of the smallest cities in England, excluding the City of London.[36][37]

Henry III of England formally granted a market to the Bishop of Ely using letters close on 9 April 1224[38] although Ely has been a trading centre prior to this.[39] Present market day is Thursday and Saturday each week. The city is on the River Great Ouse and was a significant port until the eighteenth century, when The Fens were drained and Ely ceased to be an island. The river is a popular boating area with a large marina.

Government

Local

Ely is governed by Cambridgeshire County Council to which the city returns two councillors, both of whom were Liberal Democrats in 2011.[40] Before 1974 the city was administered by Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely County Council, which merged with Huntingdon and Peterborough following the Local Government Act 1972.[41] From 1889 to 1964 the Isle of Ely County Council covered the city and its surrounds.

Since 1974 Ely has been part of East Cambridgeshire Non-metropolitan district and is the seat of the council.[42] The city is divided into four wards: Ely South, Ely East and Ely West—all returning two district Councillors each—and Ely North—returning three councillors.[43] In 2011, the seats were held by four Liberal Democrats and five Conservative.[44]

Westminster

Boundary changes in 1918 saw the town of Ely merged with the old Wisbech constituency to create a new constituency of Isle of Ely.[45] This seat was also a Tory-Liberal marginal until 1945, when the Tories won even in the wake of the national Labour landslide, and the Liberals finished in third place in the constituency for the first time ever.[citation needed] Clement Freud gained the seat for the Liberals at a by-election in 1973.[46]

In 1983 Ely was transferred to the newly created constituency of South East Cambridgeshire,[47] where it has remained since. Freud did not run in the constituency, instead contesting another new seat, North East Cambridgeshire (where he was defeated by the Conservatives), and the first member for the new South East Cambridgeshire was the former Conservative Foreign Secretary Francis Pym.[48] James Paice has held the seat since 1987;[49] he was appointed Minister of State for Agriculture and Food in the Coalition Government on 13 May 2010.[50]

Geography

See also: The Fens

Geology and topography

old yellowing map of east Cambridgeshire showing Isle of Ely surrounded by water
A post 16th-century drainage map showing the Isle of Ely still surrounded by water
Joan Blaeu (1648) Regiones Inundatae

The west of Cambridgeshire is made up of middle Mesozoic Era rocks (limestones) from the Jurassic system whilst the east Cambridgeshire area consists of the upper Mesozoic Era rocks (chalks known locally as clunch[51]) from the Cretaceous system. In between these two major formations, the high ground forming the Isle of Ely is from a lower division Cretaceous system known as Lower Greensand which is capped by Boulder Clay; all local settlements are on similar islands such as Stretham and Littleport. These islands rise above the surrounding flat tracts of land, the largest plain of Britain,[v] from the Jurassic system of partly consolidated clays or muds.[10] Kimmeridge Clay beds dipping gently west occur under the Lower Greensand of the area, exposed for example about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Ely in the Roswell Pits.[53] The Lower Greensand is partly capped by glacial deposits which form the highest point in East Cambridgeshire rising to 85 feet (26 m) above sea-level in Ely.[54]

The low-lying fens surrounding the island of Ely, prior to the seventeenth century, was formed by alternate fresh-water and sea-water incursions. Major rivers in the region, including the Witham, Welland, Nene and Great Ouse drain 6,000 square miles (16,000 km2) of surrounding uplands into the basin forming The Fens; an upland area five times larger than The Fens itself.[55] Defoe in 1774 described The Fens as "... the sink of no less than thirteen Counties ...".[56] On 23 November of the same year, John Wesley, wrote of his approach to Ely after visiting Norwich "... About eight, Wednesday, 23, Mr. Dancer met me with a chaise and carried me to Ely. Oh, what want of common sense! Water covered the high road for a mile and a half. I asked, 'How must foot-people come to the town?' 'Why, they must wade throughl'".[57] Peat formed in the fresh-water swamps and meres whilst silts were deposited by the slow-moving sea-water.[58] During the seventeenth century, the Earl of Bedford, supported by Parliament, financed the draining of the Fens which was led by the Dutch engineer Cornelius Vermuyden, which continue to this day.[59]

Climate

With an average annual rainfall of 24 inches (600 mm), Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties in the British Isles. Protected from the cool onshore coastal breezes east of the region, Cambridgeshire is warm in summer and cold and frosty in winter.[60] Regional weather forecasting and historical summaries are available from the UK Met Office.[61][62] The nearest Met Office weather station is Cambridge[vi]. Additional local weather stations report periodic figures to the internet such as Weather Underground, Inc.[63]

Climate data for Cambridge University Botanic Garden,[a] elevation: 13 m (43 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1914–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.7
(60.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		23.9
(75.0) 		27.9
(82.2) 		31.1
(88.0) 		35.0
(95.0) 		39.9
(103.8) 		36.9
(98.4) 		33.9
(93.0) 		29.0
(84.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		39.9
(103.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.8
(46.0) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		14.6
(58.3) 		18.0
(64.4) 		20.8
(69.4) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.9
(73.2) 		19.9
(67.8) 		15.3
(59.5) 		10.9
(51.6) 		8.1
(46.6) 		15.1
(59.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6) 		5.2
(41.4) 		7.3
(45.1) 		9.7
(49.5) 		12.8
(55.0) 		15.6
(60.1) 		17.9
(64.2) 		17.7
(63.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		11.4
(52.5) 		7.5
(45.5) 		5.0
(41.0) 		10.8
(51.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.7
(35.1) 		1.7
(35.1) 		3.1
(37.6) 		4.7
(40.5) 		7.5
(45.5) 		10.5
(50.9) 		12.6
(54.7) 		12.5
(54.5) 		10.2
(50.4) 		7.4
(45.3) 		4.2
(39.6) 		1.9
(35.4) 		6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F) −16.1
(3.0) 		−17.2
(1.0) 		−11.7
(10.9) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		2.2
(36.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−15.6
(3.9) 		−17.2
(1.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 47.2
(1.86) 		35.9
(1.41) 		32.2
(1.27) 		36.2
(1.43) 		43.9
(1.73) 		52.3
(2.06) 		53.2
(2.09) 		57.6
(2.27) 		49.3
(1.94) 		56.5
(2.22) 		54.4
(2.14) 		49.8
(1.96) 		568.4
(22.38)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.7 8.9 8.1 7.9 7.4 8.7 8.4 8.7 8.1 9.5 10.5 10.3 107.3
Source: ECA&D[64]
Climate data for Cambridge (NIAB)[b], elevation: 26 m (85 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.4
(59.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		23.9
(75.0) 		26.9
(80.4) 		29.5
(85.1) 		33.5
(92.3) 		39.9
(103.8) 		36.1
(97.0) 		32.0
(89.6) 		29.3
(84.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		16.1
(61.0) 		39.9
(103.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.7
(45.9) 		8.3
(46.9) 		11.0
(51.8) 		14.1
(57.4) 		17.4
(63.3) 		20.4
(68.7) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.9
(73.2) 		19.6
(67.3) 		15.1
(59.2) 		10.7
(51.3) 		8.0
(46.4) 		14.9
(58.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		7.0
(44.6) 		9.4
(48.9) 		12.4
(54.3) 		15.4
(59.7) 		17.8
(64.0) 		17.7
(63.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		11.5
(52.7) 		7.6
(45.7) 		5.1
(41.2) 		10.7
(51.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.9
(35.4) 		1.8
(35.2) 		3.1
(37.6) 		4.6
(40.3) 		7.4
(45.3) 		10.5
(50.9) 		12.6
(54.7) 		12.6
(54.7) 		10.5
(50.9) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.5
(40.1) 		2.2
(36.0) 		6.7
(44.1)
Record low °C (°F) −16.0
(3.2) 		−15.3
(4.5) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		0.0
(32.0) 		4.8
(40.6) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−16.0
(3.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 48.6
(1.91) 		35.7
(1.41) 		32.9
(1.30) 		37.6
(1.48) 		43.2
(1.70) 		49.1
(1.93) 		48.3
(1.90) 		55.9
(2.20) 		47.6
(1.87) 		58.7
(2.31) 		52.6
(2.07) 		49.2
(1.94) 		559.4
(22.02)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.4 8.7 8.1 8.0 7.3 8.7 8.4 9.0 8.0 9.6 10.4 10.5 107.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours 57.2 77.8 118.4 157.2 182.7 182.5 190.0 181.3 144.0 110.3 67.6 53.7 1,522.7
Source 1: Met Office[65]
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather[66][67]

Demography

The Domesday survey of 1086 reveals a population of 110 households[68] who were mainly all rural.[69] In 1251, a survey showed an increase in population to 345 households[68] with the start of urban living although still largely rural.[69] By the 1416 survey there were 457 occupied premises in the city and many of the streets were arranged much like they are today.[69] See also the cartographer John Speeds plan of Ely, 1610.[13] In 1563 there were 800 households recorded and a population of 3,000 people surveyed in 1753.[68]

Historical population of Ely
Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901
Population 3,948 4,249 5,079 6,189 6,849 7,632 7,982 8,166 8,171 8,017 7,803
Year 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 7,917 7,690 8,381 [vii] 9,988 9,803 9,966 10,392 11,291 15,102 –

Census: 1801–2001[2]

Economy

Fishing (see Domesday), fowling (see Defoe), cattle, sheep, coprolite, clay, drainage, farming, sugar beet, peat farming Animal husbandry; "... grain as a fodder crop and for household use ...";[70] "... reclaimed land used for pasture for horses and sheep ..."; "... fishing and fowling in winter ..."; "... thriving local trade in wares made from reeds, osiers and rushes ..."[71]

Gallois (1988) "The district is almost entirely agricultural and has always been so. The only mineral worked at the present time is gravel for aggregate. although chalk, brick clay (Ampthill and Kimmeridge clays), phosphate (from Woburn Sands, Gault and Cambridge Greensand), sand and gravel, and peat have been worked on a small scale in the past".[72]

Ely had a long association with the production of pottery, commencing in the twelfth century and lasting until 1860.[73] Around eighty persons who classed their trade as potters have been identified in the records.[74] Babylon-ware is the name given to pottery made in Ely. The ware is thought to be so named because there were potters in an area cut off from the main city by the re-routing of the River Great Ouse around 1200. By the 17th century this area had become known as Babylon, although the reason for the name is unclear. By 1850 the name was in official use on maps. The building of the Ely to Lynn railway in 1847 cut this area off even further, and the inhabitants could only cross to Ely by boat.[75][76]

Culture

Eel day parade view down Fore Hill showing people in white Eel day tee-shirts walking towards the camera
Eel day carnival procession down Fore Hill
2007

Annual events

Annual Fairs have been held in Ely since the twelfth-century.[77] St Audrey's (Etheldreda's) seven-day fair, held either side of the 23 June, was first granted officially by Henry I to the abbot and convent on 10 October 1189.[78] At this fair, cheap necklaces, made from brightly coloured silk, were sold. These were called tawdry lace.[79] Tawdry, a shortened form of Audrey, now means cheap and gaudy jewellery.[80] Two other fairs, the 15-day festival of St Lambert, first granted in 1312 and the 22-day Vigil of the Ascension, first granted in 1318.[78] The festival of St Lambert had stopped by the 18th century. St Etheldreda's and the Vigil of the Ascension still continue although the number of days have been considerably reduced and the dates have since changed.[81]

Present day annual events in Ely include the Aquafest, which has been staged at the riverside by the Rotary Club on the first Sunday of each July since 1978.[82] Other events include the Eel Day carnival procession[83] and the annual fireworks display in Ely Park, first staged in 1974.[84] The Ely Folk Festival has been held in the city since 1985.[85] The Ely Horticultural Society have been staging their Great Autumn Show in the city since 1927.[86]

Twin town

Landmarks

Cannon on the Palace green
This cannon was captured during the Crimean War at the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)[89] and was presented to the people of Ely by Queen Victoria in 1860. It is located on the Palace Green west of Ely Cathedral and north west of the Bishop's Palace[90]

War memorial

The cannon on the Palace Green west of the cathedral was captured during the Crimean War at the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855).[89] The inscription reads "Russian cannon captured during the Crimean War presented to the people of Ely by Queen Victoria in 1860 to mark the creation of the Ely Rifle Volunteers".[90]

Notable buildings

See also: Listed buildings in Ely and Ely Cathedral

There are twenty three Grade I, six Grade II* and one hundred and fifty three Grade II listed buildings[91] in the city of Ely.[92]

Cherry Hill, on the south of the cathedral park, is the remains of the Norman period motte-and-bailey Ely Castle.[93] The earliest record of this 40-foot (12 m) high by 250 feet (76 m) diameter castle is in the time of Henry I.[94] Two twelfth-century hospitals, St Mary Magdalene founded 1172 and St John the Baptist founded circa 1200, were on the site of what is now a four building farmstead. Building dates are not known but the extant remains indicate circa 1175–85.[95] Bishop Northwold joined the two hospitals in 1240. The farmsteads Grade I listed building status was split when graded on 23 September 1950 into St John's Farmhouse,[96] a barn to the south-west (formerly chapel of St John),[97] a barn to the north (formerly chapel of St Mary)[98] and a dovecote.[99] Above the north doorway of the south-western barn of St John's farmhouse is a carved Barnack stone which is built into the thirteenth-century wall. The stone is thought to have originally come from the Anglo-Saxon monastery of St Ethelreda.[viii] This heavily weathered eighth-century stone shows a man blowing a horn whilst riding on an ox.[101][102]

John Alcock, Bishop of Ely and founder of Jesus College, Cambridge in 1497,[103] constructed the Bishop's Palace in Ely during his bishopric, between 1486 and 1501; of the original fabric, only the east tower and the lower part of the west tower remain.[104] Benjamin_Lany, Bishop of Ely from 1667 until 1675, demolished much of Alcock's work and thus became responsible for most of the present-day building.[105] This Grade I listed building is south-west of and close to the west end of the cathedral, opposite the original village green, now named Palace Green.[106]

St Mary's Vicarage, better known locally as Cromwell House, is of mainly sixteenth-century plaster-frame construction although there exists some circa 1380 stone arches. A plaque on the front of the house records that this is "... Cromwell House, the residence of Oliver Cromwell from 1636-1647 when collector of Ely Tithes".[107] Its main contemporary use is as a re-creation of seventeenth century living and the Ely tourist information centre.[108]

The city's courthouse was built in 1821, replacing a previous court in the Shire Hall.[109] It was closed in 2011 as part of central government measures to shut down 93 Magistrates' Courts across England and Wales.[110]

Notable sites

Further information: [[:Roswell Pits]]

The former Kimmeridge Clay quarry Roslyn or Roswell Pits, 1 mile (1.6 km) south-west of Ely Cathedral, are now a nature reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).[111] The trees in Abbey Park were planted on Mount Hill in 1779 by James Bentham, a minor canon of Ely. Ely Castle once stood on Mount Hill which was renamed Cherry Hill following the tree plantings by Bentham.[112][113][114] The Chettisham Meadow SSSI is a medieval ridge and furrow neutral grassland about 0.6 miles (1 km) north of the city centre.[115] This site, one of the UK's best remaining examples of ridge and furrow agriculture, also contains protected species such as the Anacamptis morio (Green-winged Orchid).[116]

Transport

Buses

Further information: List of bus routes in Ely

Rail

Ely railway station 1847
Engraving[ix] from The Illustrated London News of the station at Ely during the opening on 25 October 1847 of the Lynn and Ely railway, now part of the Fen Line[117]
Main article: Railways in Ely

Ely railway station, on the Fen Line, is a major railway hub with the Cambridge to Ely section opening in 1845. Five major railway lines—excluding the former Ely and St Ives Railway—emanate from this hub: north to King's Lynn, north-west to Peterborough, east to Norwich, south-east to Ipswich and south to Cambridge then London.[118] At the opening of the 26.5-mile (42.6 km) Lynn and Ely railway "... with great éclat"[117] on 25 October 1847, Ely station, built in 1847,[119] was described by The Illustrated London News as "... an extensive pile[x] in pleasing mixed Grecian and Italian style".[117] The former Ely and St Ives Railway, known locally as the Grunty Fen express,[120] opened in 1865 and was never popular. In 1866, the 7.5 miles (12.1 km) return journey from Ely to Sutton cost 2s 0d.[121] That equates to a cost of almost £12 at present worth,[xi] as of 2024.[122] The line closed to passengers in February 1931 and completely closed in 1964.[123] There are now, in 2024, direct trains to Cambridge, London, most of East Anglia, the Midlands and the North. There are connecting services to many other parts of England and to Scotland. As of 2010, the operating companies were: First Capital Connect, National Express East Anglia, Crosscountry and East Midlands Trains.

Road

A Roman road, named Akeman Street,[xii] is documented from Ermine Street near Wimpole through Cambridge, Stretham and Ely to Brancaster through Denver.[125] This is not the same road as the major Roman road named Akeman Street which started from Verulamium (south-west of St Albans) then via Tring and Aylesbury terminating near Alcester.[126] In Bishop John Fordham's survey of Ely in 1416–1417, an east to west Akermanstrete or Agemanstrete is mentioned, which now forms part of the east-west Egremont Street.[127] This east-west Ely street is not the Roman road Akeman Street, which should pass through Ely west of the cathedral in a north-south direction.[128] It is suggested that the Wimpole to Brancaster road name of "Akeman was derived by antiquarians, without justification, from Acemanes-ceastre, an ancient name for Bath".[129]

Clement of Thetford, a medieval accountant, made, or had others make on his behalf, many journeys between 1291–1292, as evidenced by his sacrist's rolls—the earliest known Roll of the Ely Monastery.[130] For example, he travelled the 25 miles (40 km)[xiii] to Bury fair to obtain rice, sugar, etc., the 16 miles (26 km) to Barnwell for wheels, axles, etc. for carts, then the 51 miles (82 km) to St Botolph's (Boston) for wine, the 14 miles (23 km) to Reche (Reach) for steel and iron and the 78 miles (126 km) to London, principally for things needed in the Vestry for the service of the Church but also to pay taxes.[130] Some or parts of some of these journeys will have been made by river.[131]

The 18th-century historian Edmund Carter, in his 1753 History of the County of Cambridge &c., described a thrice-weekly coach journey "... for the conveniency of ſending and receiving letters and ſmall parcels ..." from the Lamb Inn, Ely to the post-house, Cambridge.[132] In the 1760's, the Reverend James Bentham, an antiquarian and minor canon of Ely, encouraged the ecclesiastical authorities and the townspeople of Ely to subscribe[xiv] to a turnpike road between Ely and Cambridge improvements which started in 1769.[134] The eighteenth century London to King's Lynn coach route, documented by the Postmaster General's surveyor, John Cary, passed through Ely with a coach stop at the Lamb Inn, a coaching-inn in 1753[135] and still extant as The Lamb, rebuilt on the same site in 1828.[136] Cary measured the distance of the London (Shoreditch) to Ely section as being 67 miles (108 km).[137] Ely is on the route of the contemporary north-south A10 trunk road from London to King's Lynn; the Bypass of the town centre was built in 1986.[138] The east-west A142 road from Newmarket to Chatteris passes through the south of the town.

A proposal for an Ely south-west bypass of the A142 is included in the major schemes of the Cambridgeshire Local Transport Plan. The proposed route would be a single, two lane carriageway and would include 1.2 miles (1.9 km) of new road construction between new roundabout junctions on Stuntney Causeway and Angel Drove. The bypass is intended to reduce congestion in Ely, and to avoid the low bridge on the Ely to Kings Lynn railway line, which has the third highest vehicle strike rate in the country.[139] Proposals for the bypass went to public consultation in October 2011 and the County Council and District Council have announced that they hope to fund some of the costs of the bypass, estimated to be up to £28 million,[140] with contributions from developers who are hoping to build a retail park near to the proposed route.[141][142]

River

In 1753, Carter reports that "... for the conveniency of paſſengers, and heavy goods to and from Cambridge, ..." there was a boat leaving Ely every Tuesday and Friday for Cambridge; a 20 miles (32 km) journey which took six hours.[132]

Religious sites

Ely Cathedral
View of the western tower of Ely Cathedral from St Mary's churchyard
View of the western tower of Ely Cathedral from St Mary's churchyard
Main article: Ely Cathedral
Further information: Diocese of Ely

The Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity is known as the "Ship of the Fens",[143][144] a name inspired by the distant views of its towers, which dominate the low-lying wetlands known as The Fens.[31] The diocese of Ely was created in 1108 out of the see of Lincoln, and a year later the bishopric of Ely was founded. The cathedral was started by William I in 1083, finally opening in 1189 after 116 years of planning.[145] On 12–13 February 1322 it suffered the collapse of the main tower, which was rebuilt as an octagon.[146] The cathedral was completed in 1351. John Wesley, writing of his 22 November 1774 visit to Ely, thought that " ... the cathedral, [is] one of the most beautiful I have seen. The western tower is exceedingly grand, and the nave of an amazing height".[57]

Ely is the nearest cathedral city to Cambridge, which lies within the same diocese but does not have its own cathedral. The Diocese of Ely covers 1,507 square miles (3,903 km2) and holds 641,000 people (2011) and 335 churches. It includes most of the county of Cambridgeshire except for most of Peterborough, which has its own diocese and three parishes in the south which are in the diocese of Chelmsford. The Diocese of Ely also includes the western part of Norfolk, a few parishes in Peterborough and Essex, and one in Bedfordshire.[147]

Other

The church of St Mary, dedicated by Bishop Eustace,[148] is an early thirteenth-century building with a circa 1300 spire and tower with eight bells. The church was heavily restored starting in 1877.[149] The St Etheldreda Roman Catholic Church in Egremont Street dates from 1891.[150] The Methodist chapel building, in Chapel Street, was built in 1818 and was restored in 1891.[151] The Salem Baptists chapel was erected in 1840.[150] The Church of St Peter on Broad Street was built in 1890. The architect was James Piers St Aubyn.[152]

Sport

See also: Fen skating

Ely City F.C. is a football club that was established in 1885[153] and joined the Eastern Counties Football League in 1960. In the 1997-98 season, they reached the 3rd round of the FA Vase. Since the 2007–08 season they have been members of the Eastern Counties Football League Premier Division.[153]

The University of Cambridge rowing team has a boathouse on the bank of the river, and trains there for the annual Boat Race against the University of Oxford.[154] In 1944 the Boat Race took place on a one and a half mile (2.4 km) course on the River Great Ouse near Ely, the only time it has not been held on the River Thames. On that occasion the race was won by Oxford.[155]

Education

Schools in Ely include The King's School, Ely, Ely College and St. John's Community Primary School. The Ely High School for Girls opened in 1905 in St. Mary's Street, moving to the Downham Road site in 1957. In 1972 Ely High School closed when state secondary education in the area changed to the comprehensive model, the site becoming the City of Ely College, subsequently Ely Community College and currently Ely College.[156]

Public services

Anglian Water supplies the City water and sewage services from their Ely Public Water Supply zone FE33. The water quality was reported as excellent in 2011. In the same report, the hardness was reported as 292 mg/l. The nearest reservoir, Grafham Water, is 21 miles (34 km) due west.[157]

The Distribution Network Operator for electricity is EDF Energy. The largest straw-burning power station in the world is at nearby Sutton. This renewable energy resource power station rated at 36.85 MW from burning biomass, nearly 25 percent of the total renewable energy reported for Cambridgeshire in 2009.[158] The world's largest poultry litter power plant, 38.5 MW, is at Thetford, Norfolk.[159]

East Cambridgeshire District Council is part of the Recycling in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough (RECAP) Partnership, which was granted Beacon status for waste and recycling in 2006–2007.[160]

National health services (NHS) for the City are administered by NHS East of England. Acute cases are handled by four hospitals, including Addenbrooke's Hospital, 20 miles (32 km) south and Papworth Hospital 28 miles (45 km)south-west of the city.[161] The Princess of Wales Hospital, Ely is a community hospital that was the former RAF Hospital constructed during the second world war to serve the nearby airfields.[162]

Notable people

Dawn by the river Great Ouse, Ely
Dawn by the river Great Ouse, Ely

The former RAF hospital based in Ely meant that many children of serving RAF parents were born in the city. These include rugby union player and Rugby World Cup 2003 winning manager with England national rugby union team, Clive Woodward,[163] Australian émigrée actor Guy Pearce,[164] and actor Simon MacCorkindale.[165] Autogyro world record holder Ken Wallis was also born in Ely. Other notable people from Ely include The Sisters of Mercy singer Andrew Eldritch,[166] and journalist Chris Hunt.[167] Crime writer Jim Kelly[168] and award winning poet Wendy Cope[169] currently live in the city.

Cultural references

Children's book Tom's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce is partly set in Ely and includes a scene in Ely Cathedral and scenes inspired by the author's father's own childhood experiences of skating along the frozen river from Cambridge to Ely in the frost of 1894–95.[170][171][172] The first series of Jim Kelly's crime novels, featuring fictional journalist Philip Dryden, is largely set in the author's home town of Ely and in the Fens.[173]

See also

References

Footnotes
  1. ^ Roswell Pits are also known as Roslyn Hole[3] and Roslyn Pit[4]
  2. ^ Taken from Dorman 1986 p. 54[12] which originates from John Speed's plan of Ely on his 1610 Huntingdonshire map[13]
  3. ^ Originally Ipsa vero Elye urbs est non exigua, nec sua sane vel elegentia vel frequentia praedicanda, utpote ob uliginosum situm, coelo parum salubri which Google translates as "The city is no small for Elias, nor the frequency of his or elegentia or, indeed, be preached, for instance because of wet site, wholesome little heaven"[20]
  4. ^ According to Dorman[23]
  5. ^ "Largest ...", according to Miller and Skertchley (1878) "... by reason of its magnitude, its almost unbroken flatness, and its fertility".[52]
  6. ^ The UK Metrology Office weather station identifier for Cambridge is NIAB
  7. ^ There was no census in 1941 due to WWII
  8. ^ Cobbett writes "I do not claim that this stone formed part of Ethelreda's original monastery, and is of seventh century date, though this is just possible; but rather that it belonged to the monastery which she founded in 673 and was carried on by her royal sisters after her death".[100]
  9. ^ By kind permission of the Cambridgeshire Library Service
  10. ^ OED pile, n. 2. a. "A large building or edifice, esp. a stately home"(subscription required)
  11. ^ Using RPI as described in Choosing the Best Indicator to Measure Relative Worth
  12. ^ Dorman calls it Akerman Street[124]
  13. ^ This distance and all following medieval road distances are calculated on contemporary roads using Google Maps
  14. ^ "An Act for repairing, widening, turning and keeping in Repair, the Road from the Town of Cambridge to Ely, and from thence to Soham; and for building a Bridge cross the River Ouze, at or near a Place called Stretham Ferry, in the County of Cambridge"[133]
Notes
  1. ^ Andrews 2004, p. 596
  2. ^ a b "Historic Census Population Figures" (XLS). Cambridgeshire County Council. 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ^ Skertchly 1877, p. 236
  4. ^ Marr & Thomas 1967, p. 19
  5. ^ Stubbington, Paul (2008). "Ely master plan: report number 14555/02/PS/JFR: Infrastructure and constraints assessment" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Horizons. p. 2. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  6. ^ "Cambridgeshire, Ely". The Domesday Book Online. 1999–2010. Retrieved 22 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  7. ^ Mills 1998, p. 178
  8. ^ "A Brief History of the Diocese of Ely". The Diocese of Ely. The Diocese of Ely limited. Retrieved 30 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  9. ^ Miller 1953, p. 1
  10. ^ a b Marr & Thomas 1967, p. 1
  11. ^ "Peasants' Revolt affected most of East Anglian towns". EDP24. 17 May 2007. Retrieved 26 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  12. ^ Dorman 1986, p. 54
  13. ^ a b Speed, John. "Huntingdonshire: From a proof copy of John Speed's Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine, which was first published 1611/12. Cambridge University Library classmark: Atlas.2.61.1". John Speed proof maps - Atlas.2.61.1. Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 12 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  14. ^ plant, David (18 May 2007). "British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638-1660". British-civil-wars.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  15. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database ({{{num}}})". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  16. ^ "Land and possessions the poor of Ely otherwise Parsons' Charity: reg 202634". Charity Commission. HMG (Crown). Retrieved 31 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  17. ^ Hampson & Atkinson 1953, pp. 43 44
  18. ^ "Ely. Draft Report" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Extensive Urban Survey:. Cambridgeshire County Council Archaeology Unit. 17 January 2001. p. 43. Retrieved 19 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  19. ^ "Extensive Urban Survey", Leisure-archaeology-record-projects-Ely, Cambridgeshire County Council, 21 December 2007, retrieved 18 November 2011 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  20. ^ Camden 1607, §17
  21. ^ Fiennes, Celia (2009) [1698], "1698 Tour: Cambridge to Lichfield", A vision of Britain through time, University of Portsmouth and others, retrieved 19 November 2011 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  22. ^ Defoe 1891, pp. 152–153
  23. ^ a b Dorman 1986, p. 74
  24. ^ Cobbett 1912, p. 228
  25. ^ Johnson 1893, pp. 12–24, 65–66
  26. ^ Dorman 1986, chap. XIV p. 81
  27. ^ Dorman 1986, p. 81
  28. ^ Saward, Jeff. "Historic Church Labyrinths in England". Labarinthos: Labyrinths & Mazes Resource Centre, Photo Library & Archive. Labyrinthos. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  29. ^ Hampson & Atkinson 1953, p. 75
  30. ^ Jones 1924, p. 3
  31. ^ a b Pevsner 1977, p. 342
  32. ^ Blakeman 1990, p. 13
  33. ^ Speed, John. "Huntingdonshire: From a proof copy of John Speed's Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine, which was first published 1611/12. Cambridge University Library classmark: Atlas.2.61.1". John Speed proof maps - Atlas.2.61.1. Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 12 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  34. ^ Aikin 1800, p. 206
  35. ^ "No. 46255". The London Gazette. 4 April 1974. {{cite magazine}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ Dalton 2011, p. 503
  37. ^ "Ely Today" (PDF). East Cambridgeshire District Council. Retrieved 14 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  38. ^ Letters, Samantha (15 July 2010). "Ely". Online Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England Wales to 1516. Institute of Historical research. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  39. ^ Smith, Lisa (2008). "25, Broad Street, Ely, Cambridgeshire Construction Of Residential Dwellings" (PDF). Archaeological Monitoring & Recording. Cambridge: Archaeological Solutions. p. 8. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ "Your Councillors". Cambridgeshire County Council. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  41. ^ "Local Government Act 1972 - Schedule 1". Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  42. ^ "East Cambridgeshire District Council - What kind of Council Are We?". East Cambridgeshire District Council. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  43. ^ "Wards". East Cambridgeshire District Council. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  44. ^ "Search for District Councillors". East Cambridgeshire District Council. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  45. ^ Isle of Ely. "Hansard 1805-2005 Constituencies". Hansard. Retrieved 26 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  46. ^ Freud, Clement. "Hansard 1805-2005 People". Hansard. Retrieved 26 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  47. ^ Cambridgeshire South East. "Hansard 1805-2005 Constituencies". Hansard. Retrieved 26 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  48. ^ Pym, Francis. "Hansard 1805-2005 People". Hansard. Retrieved 26 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  49. ^ Paice, James. "Hansard 1805-2005 People". Hansard. Retrieved 26 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  50. ^ "Jim Paice MP: Minister of State for Agriculture and Food". Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. DEFRA. Retrieved 26 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  51. ^ Pearce, Ian (3 July 2006). "Gone for clunch". BBC News. Retrieved 12 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  52. ^ Miller & Skertchly 1878, p. 1
  53. ^ Marr & Thomas 1967, p. 9
  54. ^ Ely (S&D) (Map) (Based on 1st series 1:50000 map part of sheet 173–1974 ed.). 1:50000. British Geological Survey. 1980. § 173. ISBN 0751805734. {{cite map}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  55. ^ Summers 1976, p. 14
  56. ^ Defoe 1891, p. 161
  57. ^ a b Wesley, John (22 November 1774), "Wesley in the Fens", A vision of Britain through time, University of Portsmouth and others, retrieved 19 November 2011 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  58. ^ Stubbington, Paul (2008). "Ely master plan: report number 14555/02/PS/JFR: Infrastructure and constraints assessment" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Horizons. p. 2. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  59. ^ Summers 1976, pp. 67 68
  60. ^ Greig & Martin 1998, p. 305
  61. ^ "Forecast:East of England". UK Climate Forecasts. Retrieved 5 June 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  62. ^ "Historical Data:Regional:Cambridge NIAB". UK Climate Summaries. Retrieved 5 June 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  63. ^ "Ely, United Kingdom". Weather Underground, Inc. 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  64. ^ "Indices Data - Cambridge (B. Gdns) Station 1639". KNMI. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  65. ^ "Cambridgeniab 1991–2020 averages". Station, District and regional averages 1981–2010. Met Office. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  66. ^ "Monthly Extreme Maximum Temperature". Starlings Roost Weather. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  67. ^ "Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature". Starlings Roost Weather. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  68. ^ a b c "Ely. Draft Report" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Extensive Urban Survey:. Cambridgeshire County Council Archaeology Unit. 17 January 2001. p. 12. Retrieved 22 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  69. ^ a b c Hampson & Atkinson 1967, p. 34
  70. ^ Summers 1976, p. 10
  71. ^ Summers 1976, p. 11
  72. ^ Gallois 1988, p. 1
  73. ^ Cessford, Alexander & Dickens 2006, pp. 83, 98
  74. ^ Cessford, Alexander & Dickens 2006, p. 83
  75. ^ "Babylon Gallery blog". ADrCArts. Retrieved 16 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  76. ^ Denison, Simon, ed. (2000). "News: Post-medieval pottery collection found in Ely". British Archaeology (55). ISSN 1357-4442. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  77. ^ Dorman 1986, p. 48
  78. ^ a b Letters, Samantha (15 July 2010). "Ely". Online Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England Wales to 1516. Institute of Historical research. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  79. ^ "Tawdry lace". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 9 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)(subscription required)
  80. ^ "Tawdry". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 9 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)(subscription required)
  81. ^ Hampson & Atkinson 1967, p. 50
  82. ^ "Ely Aquafest". Ely Aquafest. Rotary clubs of Ely. Retrieved 2 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  83. ^ "Eely best place to spend your weekend" (Press release). East Cambridgeshire District Council. 15/04/2011. Retrieved 30 October 2011. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  84. ^ "Ely Fireworks - Back With A Bang In 2011!". Ely People. Northcliffe Media Limited. 12 October 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  85. ^ "The 2011 Ely Folk Festival Has It All". Ely People. Northcliffe Media Limited. 22 June 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  86. ^ "Ely Horticultural Society 2011 Great Autumn Show". Ely People. Northcliffe Media Limited. 1 September 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  87. ^ Ely city council. "Ely/Ribe association". Cambridgeshire dot net. Retrieved 21 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  88. ^ "Historic Golden Threads". EDP 24. 23 March 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  89. ^ a b "Cannon on The Green". (This web site is not WP:RS but will do until something better is found). UK Attraction. Retrieved 31 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  90. ^ a b Grytr. "Peaceful inscription: Commemorative inscription alongside the cannon displayed on the green outide Ely Cathedral". Flickr. Flickr/Yahoo. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  91. ^ "Listed Buildings". English Heritage. Retrieved 24 May 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  92. ^ "County: Cambridgeshire; Postal town: ELY; Place name: Ely; Building grade: Grade I". National Monument Record. English Heritage. Retrieved 15 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)(registration required)
  93. ^ Hampson & Atkinson 1953, p. 28
  94. ^ Pevsner 1977, p. 380
  95. ^ Pevsner 1977, p. 376
  96. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database ({{{num}}})". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  97. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database ({{{num}}})". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  98. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database ({{{num}}})". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  99. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database ({{{num}}})". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  100. ^ Cobbett, L (27 May 1935). "The hospitals of St John the Baptist and St Mary Magdalene at Ely, and the remains of Gothic buildings still to be seen there at St John's Farm". Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society. 1932–1936. Vol. 34–37: 73. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |volume= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  101. ^ "Hospitals of St Mary Magdalene and St John the Baptist". National Monument Records: Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  102. ^ Pevsner 1977, p. 382
  103. ^ Pevsner 1977, p. 83
  104. ^ Pevsner 1977, p. 378
  105. ^ Hampson & Atkinson 1967, p. 82
  106. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database ({{{num}}})". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  107. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database ({{{num}}})". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  108. ^ "Oliver Cromwell's House". Council web site. East Cambridgeshire District Coucil. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  109. ^ "What is to become of the Ely Courthouse?". Ely People. 8 April 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  110. ^ "Ely Magistrates' Court closes doors for the last time". BBC. 24 March 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  111. ^ "Roswell Pits". The Wildlife Trusts. Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire Wildlife Trusts. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  112. ^ "Abbey Park". Heritage Gateway. English Heritage. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  113. ^ "Abbey Park". Parks & Gardens UK. The Association of Gardens Trusts and the University of York. Retrieved 8 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  114. ^ Dorman 1986, p. 55
  115. ^ Russell, Nigel. "Chettisham Meadows: SSSI reference 1000052". Natural England. UK Government. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  116. ^ Stubbington, Paul (2008). "Ely master plan: report number 14555/02/PS/JFR: Infrastructure and constraints assessment" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Horizons. p. 18. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  117. ^ a b c "The East Anglian Railway". The Illustrated London News. Strand, London. 30 October 1847. p. 277. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  118. ^ Stubbington, Paul (2008). "Ely master plan: report number 14555/02/PS/JFR: Infrastructure and constraints assessment" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Horizons. p. 4. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  119. ^ Pevsner 1977, p. 381
  120. ^ Dale 2000, p. 78
  121. ^ Oppitz (1989) pp. 58–59
  122. ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  123. ^ Dale 2000, p. 28
  124. ^ Dorman 1986, p. 3
  125. ^ Babington 1853, pp. 10–12
  126. ^ Babington 1953, p. 17
  127. ^ Stewart 1868, pp. 195–196
  128. ^ Babington 1853, p. 16
  129. ^ Gray & Stubbings 2000, pp. 2–3
  130. ^ a b Chapman, F R (1907). Sacrist Rolls of Ely. Cambridge.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  131. ^ Harrington, Ralph (15 November 1998). "Transport: then, now, and tomorrow". Institute of Railway Studies and Transport History. University of York. Retrieved 25 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  132. ^ a b Carter 1753, p. 64
  133. ^ 3 George III c. 36 (1763)
  134. ^ Hampton & Atkinson 1953, p. 44
  135. ^ Hampson & Atkinson 1953, p. 32
  136. ^ Cary 1817, p. 58
  137. ^ The Road from London to Cambridge, Ely, & Kings Lynn (Map) (7 ed.). John Cary. Retrieved 7 November 2011. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  138. ^ "Ely. Draft Report" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Extensive Urban Survey:. Cambridgeshire County Council Archaeology Unit. 17 January 2001. p. 44. Retrieved 19 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  139. ^ "Part 3 LTP programme" (PDF). Local Transport Plan. Cambridgeshire County Council. 2006–2011. Retrieved 21 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |year= (help)
  140. ^ "Bypass bid to cut jams at crossing". Cambridge Evening News. 25 October 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  141. ^ "Have Your Say On The Ely Crossing". Ely People. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  142. ^ Day, Jordan (19 October 2011). "Tesco's plans for larger store welcomed by some residents". Cambridge Evening News. Retrieved 4 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  143. ^ "Ely Cathedral". EDP24. 15 April 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  144. ^ "Ely Cathedral website". Elycathedral.org. Retrieved 17 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  145. ^ "Ely Cathedral". About Britain. Excelsior Information Systems. 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  146. ^ Hampson, & Atkinson1953, p. 62
  147. ^ "About the Diocese". Diocese of Ely. Diocese of Ely Ltd. 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  148. ^ Pevsner 1977, p. 379
  149. ^ Hampson & Atkinson 1953, p. 83
  150. ^ a b Hampson & Atkinson 1953, p. 86
  151. ^ Hampson & Atkinson 1953, p. 87
  152. ^ Pevsner 1977, p. 380
  153. ^ a b "Ely City". Goalrun. Retrieved 22 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  154. ^ "Facilities". Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC). CUBC. 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  155. ^ "Celebrate the 1944 University Boat Race". BBC News. April 2004. Retrieved 15 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  156. ^ Day, Jordan. "School completes academy switch". Ely Weekly News. Retrieved 4 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Text "date 12 October 2011" ignored (help)
  157. ^ "Your Area:Cambridgeshire County:Ely". Corporate Website. Anglian Water. Retrieved 12 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  158. ^ van de Bulk, Paul (31 March 2009). "Renewable Energy Development in Cambridgeshire 1999–2009" (PDF). Cambridgeshire County Council. Retrieved 2 June 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  159. ^ "Select Committee on Science and Technology Fourth Report:Appendix 6: Visit To Elean And Thetford Power StationS". House of Lords. 30 January 2004. Retrieved 7 June 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  160. ^ "Recap Partnership". RECAP. Retrieved June 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  161. ^ "NHS Choices–your health, your choices". Nearest surgery to Ely. National Health Service (NHS). Retrieved 12 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  162. ^ "Ely. Draft Report" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Extensive Urban Survey:. Cambridgeshire County Council Archaeology Unit. 17 January 2001. p. 43. Retrieved 19 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  163. ^ "ESPN Scrum: Clive Woodward, England". ESPN EMEA. Retrieved 17 May 2001. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  164. ^ "Guy Pearce: He's come a long way since 'Neighbours'". London: The Independent. 26 February 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  165. ^ "Simon MacCorkindale". London. 15 October 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |Newspaper= ignored (|newspaper= suggested) (help)
  166. ^ Betts 2005, p. 370
  167. ^ The columnists (2004–2011). "Who the hell is Chris Hunt?". Karl Bedingfield. Retrieved 30 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  168. ^ "Jim Kelly". Penguin Books. Pearson. Retrieved 30 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  169. ^ "Poet reveals her book inspiration". Ely Weekly News. 18/05/2011. Retrieved 30 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  170. ^ "Philipa Pearce". Daily Telegraph. 27 December 2006. Retrieved 4 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  171. ^ Wood, David (2008). "Taking Tom from Page to Stage" (PDF). The Philippa Pearce Memorial Lecture. Pearce Memorial Charity: reg. 256277. Retrieved 30 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  172. ^ Pullman, Philip (2011). "Both Perhaps and Present" (PDF). The Philippa Pearce Memorial Lecture. Pearce Memorial Charity: reg. 256277. Retrieved 30 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  173. ^ "Maggi Hambling's The Aldeburgh Scallop wins award". Evening Star. 9 September 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
Bibliography
Further reading

External links


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ely,_Cambridgeshire&oldid=462606598"