Bulldozer politics: Difference between revisions
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=== On Jahangirpuri === |
=== On Jahangirpuri === |
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[[Tushar Mehta]], on behalf of [[North Delhi Municipal Corporation]], stated that the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act provides for removal of "stall, chair, bench, box, ladder, bale" without notice. Just as Ganesh Gupta's juice shop was removed without notice, everything on public land was removed. In the case of |
[[Tushar Mehta]], on behalf of [[North Delhi Municipal Corporation]], stated that the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act provides for removal of "stall, chair, bench, box, ladder, bale" without notice. Just as Ganesh Gupta's juice shop was removed without notice, everything on public land was removed. In the case of buildings, notices were given. Further the law provides some days and appellate remedy in the case of building as per the Act.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Ojha |first=Srishti |date=2022-04-21 |title="You Require Bulldozers To Remove Stalls & Chairs?" Supreme Court Asks NDMC On Jahangirpuri Demolitions |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/you-require-bulldozers-to-remove-stalls-chairs-supreme-court-asks-ndmc-on-jahangirpuri-demolitions-197162 |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=LiveLaw}}</ref> As " houses and other permanent structures were targeted" Advocate Dushyant Dave raised this as a primary point before the court.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Anmol |last2=Joseph |first2=Jeff |last3=Joshi |first3=Mukta |date=21 April 2022 |title=Despite BJP's Claims, Jahangirpuri Demolitions Were Far From a Legitimate Anti-Encroachment Drive |url=https://thewire.in/government/jahangirpuri-demolitions-not-legitimate-anti-encroachment |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=The Wire}}</ref> |
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== Reactions == |
== Reactions == |
Revision as of 10:36, 26 April 2022
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Bulldozers[a] are part of a larger governance and political effort in the state of Uttar Pradesh to improve the law and order situation along with connected issues. Its rhetoric usage by chief minister Yogi Adityanath of the Bhartiya Janata Party started following the commencement of his first term in office from March 2017. By 2020 property belonging to numerous criminals including Vikas Dubey, and politician-strongmen and gangsters Mukhtar Ansari and Atique Ahmed had been demolished using bulldozers. The action against Vikas Dubey started after he and his associates killed eight policemen in July 2020 during an attempted arrest. The Yogi government claims of freeing up 67,000 acres (270 km2)[b] of government land and other illegally occupied land by land mafia. The UP government issued certain directives related to the use of bulldozers, and also warned of their misuse. Yogi began his second term as chief minister in March 2022. In a similar manner, the chief minister of Madhya Pradesh, another state with a CM from BJP, began usage of the bulldozer in March 2022 against properties of mafia, and accused rapists and rioters. By late-April 2022 bulldozers had also been used on the property of rioters in Delhi and Gujarat, with politics and legal issues ensuing, including over anti-encroachment drives in Rajasthan, a Congress state, but in a BJP held municipality. In Uttarakhand rioters during Hanuman Jayanti processions were threatened with bulldozers parked in the vicinity of property owned by the accused.
Course of events
Yogi Adityanath started his first term as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in March 2017. His first announcement was that his government would clean up the law and order situation in the state among other connected issues.[5] An anti-mafia task force was set up and political messaging included statements such as "Leave UP or go to jail".[6][7] It was in September 2017 when Yogi first warned that he would bulldoze properties of those involved in crime, "My government will bulldoze houses of anyone even thinking of perpetuating crime against women and weaker sections of the society", adding that it would take some more time to reel in other criminal elements.[8] Uttar Pradesh police had already started taking action against criminals (musclemen, strongmen, crime bosses, bahubalis, history-sheeters) with a number of them dying in police encounters.[8]
By the end of 2020 properties had been seized, confiscated, sealed and demolished.[9][10] In July 2020 history-sheeter and crime boss Vikas Dubey's house was demolished along with four vehicles.[11] A few days eight policemen had been killed in an attempted arrest in which Dubey was the main accused.[12][13][14] Vikas Dubey would go on to die in an encounter after the police vehicle carrying him met with an accident.[15] In August 2020 Mukhtar Ansari, a criminal turned politician, connected properties were raised.[16] A government spokesperson explained that the property had been constructed on property of migrants in Pakistan.[16] Ansari's sons property was raised.[17] This involved 250 policemen and 20 bulldozers.[17] Part of a hotel he owned was demolished following a decision taken by an administrative board including the district magistrate.[18] In September 2020, properties connected to Atique Ahmed were demolished.[19][20] This includes Mohamed Zaid's two-story house built in 2015 over 600 square yards. 6 bulldozers took 5 hours.[19] The reason given for demolishing the building was that the blueprints of the building were not cleared by local authorities before construction.[19] In December 2020 mafia boss Ganesh Yadav's house was demolished.[21] A number of other structures, illegal constructions, or belonging to known gangsters were also raised.[22][23] This number increased by the end of 2021.[13] In February 2021, Yogi stated that 67,000 acres (270 km2) of land had been freed from mafia control.[24] Yogi said that the illegal properties that are being seized and bulldozed will be replaced by new houses for the Dalits and the poor, playgrounds and other social needs,[25][26][27] and warned the mafia of harassing the poor, farmers and traders.[28] In July, bulldozers were used land owned by the irrigation department of Uttar Pradesh in Delhi and encroached upon by Rohingyas.[29] Public response within Uttar Pradesh in relation to the use of the bulldozer has been mixed.[23][30] The Yogi government has also warned about the misuse of bulldozers.[31][32]
We have a special machine which we are using for building expressways and highways. At the same time, we are using it to crush the mafia who exploited people to build their properties
Yogi Adityanath went on to use the bulldozer in his election campaign for the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 10 February to 7 March 2022. This earned him the tag "bulldozer baba".[33][34] The term had initially been used as a taunt by an opposition party.[3] In some rallies Yogi also mentioned "bulldozers taking rest".[35]
On 20 February Shivraj Singh Chauhan responded to the taunt against Yogi.[36] Chauhan, the chief minister of Madhya Pradesh, another state with a BJP CM, went on to use the bulldozer in a similar manner was seen in Uttar Pradesh.[37] By 19 March, CM Chauhan had ordered the use of the bulldozer against property of the mafia as well as against gang rape, rioting and kidnapping accused in Seoni, Sheopur, Jaora, Shahdol and Raisen.[38][39] The Shahdol rape incident took place on 16 March and the house of the accused was demolished on 22 March. This was following an investigation by the chief municipality officer who found a number of illegalities in the construction of the house.[38][40][41] Following clashes on Holi in Khamriya village of Raisen, the administration used bulldozers to demolish encroachments of accused rioters.[42][43] Many of alleged perps were of a "particular community".[37] In a similar manner as the tag given to Yogi "bulldozer baba", banners were seen in Bhopal with "bulldozer mama"[c] written and an image of CM Chauhan and a bulldozer in the background.[39][44]
Following a rape incident on 28 March in a government guesthouse in Rewa, CM Chauhan ordered a bulldozer to be used against the house of the accused, a Mahant.[45] Following clashes in Khargone on 10 April 2022, Ram Navami, 16 houses and 29 shops were demolished by Chouhan's government.[46][47] Some of the demolished buildings were constructed under the government housing initiative Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.[1]
10 April |
Khargone, MP;[48] Howrah and Bankura, WB[49] |
---|---|
11 April |
Khambat, GJ;[50][51] Lohardaga, JH;[52] Baina, Vasco, GA [53] |
16 April |
Jahangirpuri, DL;[48] Hubli, KA;[54] Bhagwanpur, Roorkee, UK[55][56] |
17 April | Holagunda, Kurnool, AP[57] |
18 April | Amravati, MH[58] |
In Bold are locations where bulldozers were used in response. In Italics a threat to use bulldozers was seen. |
On 16 April, localized riots took place in Hubli, Karnataka.[59] Following violence, there were calls in the state demanding "bulldozer" form of justice.[60][61][4] On the same day violence was also seen in Uttarakhand's Bhagwanpur region. In the following days bulldozers were seen in proximity to properties of the riot accused.[55][56]
On 20 April, following communal violence in Delhi's Jahangirpuri, local authorities issued demolition of certain structures in an eviction and anti-encroachment drive.[62] The Supreme Court of India intervened to stop the demolition.[63] Supposedly the Supreme Court had to give the orders twice as demolition continued for around an hour after the first order.[64] Street carts were also destroyed with bulldozers.[63] Residents said that even registered buildings were damaged.[63] Nine bulldozers were seen in the area and 20 structures destroyed.[1][65] A political blame game ensued.[66][67]
On 22 April, bulldozers were seen demolishing some shops and three temples in Alwar, Rajasthan, a Congress led state but in the BJP held municipality of Rajgarh.[68][69][70] Local administration said that consensus had been achieved in the destruction of the shrines, including one which had been built on a drain, and that it was part of an anti-encroachment drive and the shrines would be rebuilt on "non-controversial land".[70] During another anti-encroachment drive the next day a gaushala was part of the removed structures and cleared land.[71][72]
Legal issues
On Jahangirpuri
Tushar Mehta, on behalf of North Delhi Municipal Corporation, stated that the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act provides for removal of "stall, chair, bench, box, ladder, bale" without notice. Just as Ganesh Gupta's juice shop was removed without notice, everything on public land was removed. In the case of buildings, notices were given. Further the law provides some days and appellate remedy in the case of building as per the Act.[73] As " houses and other permanent structures were targeted" Advocate Dushyant Dave raised this as a primary point before the court.[74]
Reactions
Farm leader and national spokesperson of the Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU) Rakesh Tikait warned the government that if the unjust use of bulldozers doesn't stop, tractors will be used by farmers to stop them.[75] Opposition leaders in response also stated the headquarters of BJP should be demolished and that it was BJP who allowed illegal constructions in Delhi in areas they had held for years.[76][77] Akhilesh Yadav said that BJP should make the bulldozer its emblem and that it was distracting the Chief Minister from more important governance matters.[78][79] Manish Sisodia said that the bulldozer was being used as a tool of extortion.[80] Names such as "Bulldozernath" or "the lord of bulldozers" were used.[81] The bulldozer was connected to bulldozing the "dreams of the youth" and being "anti-women".[81] Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind filed two petitions in the Supreme Court of India.[82][73] On 24 April 2022, Aam Aadmi Party conducted "foot marches" in all the wards of Delhi.[83] Brinda Karat, an Indian politician, has claimed that BJP aims to vilify Muslims through these actions.[84]
Newslaundry, an Indian media watchdog, reported on the response of sections of the Indian media and their coverage of the events and how certain anchors supported the proceedings.[85] Anjana Om Kashyap, a media professional, climbed onboard the bulldozers at the Jahangirpuri site and started asking the drivers questions.[86] During one of the demolitions in Uttar Pradesh, a district magistrate (an Indian Administrative Service officer) clicked a selfie, and shared it with the caption "Yeh Hum Hai, Yeh Humaari Car Hai Aur Hamaari Party Ho Rahi Hai"[d] (transl. This is us, this is our car, our party is happening here).[88]
Commentary
The timing of the Jahangirpuri demolitions, four days after communal clashes in the same area, "reads extremely suspicious", says political commentator N. S. Moorthy .[89] The Supreme Court status quo intervention brought immediate relief. However this order does not seem to make the judiciary the answer to the larger overarching questions related to the perceived targeting of sections of the population, more that what is already being seen.[89]
See also
- Uttar Pradesh Recovery of Damages to Public and Private Property Ordinance, 2020
- 2022 Jahangirpuri violence
- Ram Navami riots
- Illegal housing in India
- Turkman gate demolition and rioting
References
- Notes
- ^ Connected phrases include "bulldozer justice"[1] and "bulldozer raj"[2] with bulldozer finding its way into the general political lexicon of Uttar Pradesh and India in general.[3][4]
- ^ Uttar Pradesh is 243,286 square km
- ^ Mama is maternal uncle, bulldozer mama can be translated as uncle with the bulldozer.[37]
- ^ A meme that had become a trend in 2021.[87]
- Citations
- ^ a b c d "'Bulldozer Baba, Bulldozer Mama, bulldozer justice': How the modest machine has become the buzzword in Indian politics". Firstpost. FP Explainers. 21 April 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Pandey, Sanjay; Jha, Satish; Joy, Shemin (24 April 2022). "From Yogi to Jahangirpuri: The rise of the Bulldozer Raj". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ a b Sahu, Manish (8 March 2022). "Explained: Not just bulls, how bulldozers made it to election lexicon in UP". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
- ^ a b Shukla, Amandeep (19 April 2022). "Loudspeaker and bulldozer becoming key terms in Indian political lexicon". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
- ^ Vaishnav, Milan (23 March 2017). "Adityanath, No Stranger To Criminal Cases, Promises Safer UP". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "'Leave UP or go to jail': Yogi Adityanath warns supporters of criminals, mafia". Deccan Chronicle. PTI. 26 March 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Jha, Shiv Pujan (25 April 2017). "Yogi Adityanath government sets up anti-land mafia task force in Uttar Pradesh". India Today. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ a b Shukla, Srawan, ed. (6 September 2017). "Will bulldoze your houses even if you think of crime: Yogi Adityanath's warning to mafia". DNA India. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "2020 में अपराधियों पर कहर बनकर टूटी यूपी पुलिस, किसी की संपत्ति कुर्क, कहीं चला बुलडोजर, देखें लिस्ट | UP Mafia total property seized in 2020 list" [In 2020, UP police broke down by creating havoc on criminals, someone's property was attached, bulldozer went somewhere, see list]. Patrika News (in Hindi). 31 December 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "भूमाफियाओं पर चला नोएडा अथॉरिटी का बुल्डोजर, कब्जे से छुड़ाई 2000 करोड़ रुपये की जमीनें" [Noida Authority's bulldozer on land mafia, land worth Rs 2000 crores rescued from possession]. आज तक (in Hindi). 4 September 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Naqvi, Haidar (4 July 2020). "Kanpur gangster Vikas Dubey's house demolished". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Rashid, Omar (3 July 2020). "Eight U.P. policemen killed after assailants open fire at them in Kanpur, two accused shot dead later". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ a b "योगी के बुलडोजर से इस साल जमकर कुचला गया माफिया का गुरूर, निकल गई अपराधियों की हेकड़ी" [This year the mafia's pride was crushed fiercely by Yogi's bulldozer, the arrogance of criminals came out]. Zee News (in Hindi). 30 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "Political patronage nurtured history-sheeter Vikas Dubey". The New Indian Express. IANS. 3 July 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Rashid, Omar (10 July 2020). "Gangster Vikas Dubey shot dead in 'exchange of fire'". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ a b "UP MLA Mukhtar Ansari's Illegal Properties Demolished In Lucknow: Official". NDTV. Press Trust of India. 27 August 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b "UP: योगी सरकार की बड़ी कार्रवाई, मुख्तार अंसारी के बेटों की अवैध संपत्ति पर चला बुलडोजर" [UP: Big action of Yogi government, bulldozer on illegal property of sons of Mukhtar Ansari]. Navodaya Times (in Hindi). 27 August 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "मुख्तार अंसारी के होटल पर चला योगी सरकार का बुलडोजर, गिराई गई बिल्डिंग" [Yogi Sarkar's bulldozer on Mukhtar Ansari's hotel, building demolished]. ABPlive एबीपी न्यूज़ (in Hindi). 1 November 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ a b c Nandan, Nishant, ed. (20 September 2020). "यूपी: माफिया अतीक अहमद के रिश्तेदार के घर चला बुलडोजर, 2 करोड़ का मकान तिनके में बिखर गया; देखें वीडियो" [UP: Mafia bulldozer went to Atiq Ahmed's relative's house, house worth 2 crores was scattered in straws; watch video]. Jansatta (in Hindi). The Indian Express. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "Operation माफिया: अतीक अहमद के 60 करोड़ रुपये की अवैध संपत्ति पर चला बुलडोजर" [Operation Mafia: Bulldozer on illegal property worth Rs 60 crore of Atiq Ahmed]. Zee News Hindi (in Hindi). 14 September 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Yadav, Yogesh (26 December 2020). "प्रयागराज में एक और माफिया के अवैध निर्माण पर गरजा योगी सरकार का बुलडोजर" [Yogi government's bulldozer on illegal construction of another mafia in Prayagraj]. Hindustan (in Hindi). Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "फिर चला योगी सरकार का बुलडोजर: मऊ में मॉल और वाराणसी में किया इमारत ध्वस्त". ग़ाज़ीपुर न्यूज़. 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ a b Tripathi, Gajendra (5 July 2021). "अपराधियों और उपद्रवियों की संपत्ति कब्जे में लेकर गरीबों में बांट रही सरकार: योगी आदित्यनाथ" [The government is distributing the property of criminals and miscreants among the poor: Yogi Adityanath]. आज तक (in Hindi). Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Singh, Prashasti (23 February 2021). "'UP govt has freed 67,000 acres of land from land mafia': CM Yogi Adityanath". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "Ram Naam Satya Journey Will Start, Yogi Adityanath Warns On 'Love Jihad'". Outlook India. 31 October 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "Houses for Dalits and poor on land confiscated from mafia in UP, announces CM Yogi Adityanath". Financial Express. The Indian Express. 19 August 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Shah, Pankaj (28 October 2020). "Uttar Pradesh: Yogi Adityanath vows jail for those involved in cow slaughter". The Times of India. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Rathour, Dinesh (12 September 2021). "सीएम योगी की यूपी के माफियाओं को चेतावनी, गरीबों, किसानों व व्यापारियों को परेशान किया तो जीना हराम कर देंगे" [CM Yogi's warning to the mafia of UP, if you harass the poor, farmers and traders, you will make life haram]. Hindustan (in Hindi). Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Shantanu, Shashank (22 July 2021). Singh, Vishal Pratap (ed.). "Yogi govt bulldozes illegal Rohingya camps set up in Delhi's Madanpur Khadar over 2.10 hectares land". IndiaTV. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Verma, Radha, ed. (19 September 2021). "सरकारी संपत्ति पर कब्जा करने वालों का एक ही उपचार- बुलडोज़र, बोले CM योगी" [Only one treatment for those who occupied government property - bulldozers, said CM Yogi, people started asking such questions]. Jansatta (in Hindi). Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "Misuse of bulldozers will not be tolerated: ADG Law and Order after Yogi Adityanath's new directive". The Economic Times. 8 April 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ श्रीवास्तव, समर्थ. "'अपराधी-माफिया को बख्शें नहीं, गरीब को छुएं नहीं', बुलडोजर पर योगी का सख्त फरमान" ['Do not spare the criminal-mafia, do not touch the poor', Yogi's strict order on the bulldozer]. आज तक (in Hindi). Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Majumder, Bhaswati Guha (10 March 2022). "Why BJP Workers in Uttar Pradesh Are Celebrating Yogi's Victory on Bulldozers". News18. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
- ^ "'Bulldozer baba' -- Mighty Yogi's new sobriquet". ThePrint. PTI. 10 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Srivastava, Arun (25 March 2022). "Glorification of 'bulldozer politics' in UP under Yogi doesn't portend well for democracy". National Herald. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "He is today's Aurangzeb, wasn't loyal to his father, how will he be loyal to you: Shivraj Singh Chouhan takes swipe at Akhilesh Yadav". ThePrint. ANI. 20 February 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b c Hebbar, Nistula (12 April 2022). "Analysis | Shivraj Singh Chouhan's metamorphosis from plain 'mama' to 'bulldozer mama'". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
...the liberal use of bulldozers to demolish properties of alleged perpetrators of crime (many from a particular community)...
- ^ a b "'Bulldozer running...': MP chief minister warns miscreants of house demolition". Hindustan Times. 23 March 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ a b Dwary, Anurag (22 March 2022). Kumar, Akhil (ed.). ""Bulldozer Mama": After UP, BJP Pushes 'Tough-On-Crime' Image In Madhya Pradesh". NDTV. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ पांडे, सौरभ (22 March 2022). "शहडोल में गैंगरेप-हत्या के आरोपी के घर पर चला बुलडोजर, छतरपुर में सरकारी जमीन मुक्त" [Bulldozer ran at the house of accused of gangrape-murder in Shahdol, freed government land in Chhatarpur]. News18 हिंदी (in Hindi). Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Mishra, Sachin Kumar (21 March 2022). "Madhya Pradesh: मप्र के श्योपुर और सिवनी में दुष्कर्म के आरोपितों के घरों पर चला बुलडोजर" [Madhya Pradesh: Bulldozers ran on the houses of the accused of rape in Sheopur and Seoni of MP]. Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ राठौड़, विजय सिंह (21 March 2022). "यूपी के बाद अब एमपी में चला बुलडोजर, रायसेन झड़प के आरोपियों के घर किए गए जमींदोज" [Raisen: After UP, bulldozers started running in MP too, houses of accused of Raisen clash were demolished]. ABP live (in Hindi). Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ कुमार, मुनेश्वर (20 March 2022). "योगी इफेक्ट! शिवराज से ऑर्डर मिलते ही एमपी में अपराधियों के घर पर चलने लगा बुलडोजर" [Yogi Effect! Bulldozer started running at criminals' house in MP as soon as order was received from Shivraj]. Navbharat Times (in Hindi). Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Singh, Anuraag (22 March 2022). "After UP's 'Bulldozer Baba', MP CM Shivraj Singh Chouhan dons role of 'Bulldozer Mama'". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ IANS (31 March 2022). "'Use Bulldozer To Demolish House of Rape Accused': MP CM Shivraj to Rewa Police". TheQuint. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Tiwari, Vishnukant (12 April 2022). "'All Gone to Dust': MP Govt Razes 16 Houses, 29 Shops After Ram Navami Violence". TheQuint. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
- ^ "Nine states, 15 days: India is witnessing a spate of communal violence". Firstpost. 19 April 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Nine states, 15 days: India is witnessing a spate of communal violence". Firstpost. 19 April 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
- ^ Dutta, Debayan (11 April 2022). "Hate and Harmony: The Two Sides of Ram Navami in West Bengal". TheQuint. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Langa, Mahesh (11 April 2022). "Communal clashes in Gujarat: 1 killed, another injured during Ram Navami processions". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Kshatriya, Dilip Singh (15 April 2022). "After MP, now bulldozer crackdown on illegal shops of riot accused in Gujarat's Khambat". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ "Clashes in Jharkhand during Ram Navami procession leave 1 dead, 12 injured". ThePrint. PTI. 11 April 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Tension erupts in Baina as groups belonging to two communities clash". Herald Goa. 11 April 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
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- ^ a b Pal, Sumedha (19 April 2022). "Influenced by 'Kashmir Files', Hindutva Workers Threaten to Remove Muslims From Roorkee Village". The Wire. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite news}}
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{{cite news}}
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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Further reading
- "What Does 'Bulldozer Baba' Do with Seized Lands of Mafias? Expelled Families from Bangladesh Can Tell". News18. 19 April 2022.
- "Government's Bulldozer Brand Effective Against Mafia: Yogi Adityanath". News18. 22 February 2022.
- "Herald View: The tyranny of the bulldozer". National Herald. 15 April 2022.
- "Muscle power: Editorial on 'bulldozer' politics". The Telegraph India. 15 April 2022.
- "Sachidananda Murthy on the validity of bulldozers". The Week. 24 April 2022.