National Anthem of Uruguay: Difference between revisions
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Its [[Uruguay#Independence struggle|martial]]<ref name=Montoro2016/> lyrics are by the Uruguayan poet [[Francisco Acuña de Figueroa]], who also wrote the lyrics for Paraguay's national anthem, "[[Paraguayos, República o Muerte]]". The lyrics were officially declared the national anthem in July 1833.<ref name=<ref name=embajada/> Several proposed musical settings failed to gain public support.<ref name=Panizza/> The [[Rossini]]-inspired<ref name="Gon2013"/> music that eventually became universally associated with the anthem was composed by the Hungarian-born composer [[Francisco José Debali]], with the assistance of [[Fernando Quijano]], a Uruguayan actor and musician.<ref name=Panizza/> A few days after the first performance in July 1845, it was officially recognized as the music for the anthem.<ref name=anthems/> As with other South American national anthems, the music was inspired by the local popularity of [[Italian opera]].<ref name="Gon2013"/> It includes several references to ''[[La Cenerentola]]'' and other operas by Rossini, as well as a direct musical quotation from ''[[Lucrezia Borgia (opera)|Lucrezia Borgia]]'' by [[Gaetano Donizetti]].<ref name="Gon2013"/> |
Its [[Uruguay#Independence struggle|martial]]<ref name=Montoro2016/> lyrics are by the Uruguayan poet [[Francisco Acuña de Figueroa]], who also wrote the lyrics for Paraguay's national anthem, "[[Paraguayos, República o Muerte]]". The lyrics were officially declared the national anthem in July 1833.<ref name=<ref name=embajada/> Several proposed musical settings failed to gain public support.<ref name=Panizza/> The [[Rossini]]-inspired<ref name="Gon2013"/> music that eventually became universally associated with the anthem was composed by the Hungarian-born composer [[Francisco José Debali]], with the assistance of [[Fernando Quijano]], a Uruguayan actor and musician.<ref name=Panizza/> A few days after the first performance in July 1845, it was officially recognized as the music for the anthem.<ref name=anthems/> As with other South American national anthems, the music was inspired by the local popularity of [[Italian opera]].<ref name="Gon2013"/> It includes several references to ''[[La Cenerentola]]'' and other operas by Rossini, as well as a direct musical quotation from ''[[Lucrezia Borgia (opera)|Lucrezia Borgia]]'' by [[Gaetano Donizetti]].<ref name="Gon2013"/> |
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The French composer [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] is sometimes erroneously credited with having composed the music: although he was requested to write a hymn to celebrate the national [[independence day]], the composition never became the national anthem.<ref name="Saint-Saëns"/> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The Uruguayan poet [[Francisco Acuña de Figueroa]], who also wrote the lyrics for Paraguay's national anthem "[[Paraguayos, República o Muerte]]", was responsible for the [[Uruguay#Independence struggle|martial]] lyrics.<ref name=Montoro2016>{{cite thesis |last=Montoro |first=Juan Manuel |date=2016 |title=The martial memory of national anthems and their current figures. The case of Uruguay. |type=MA [Laurea magistrale] |publisher=University of Bologna |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/48416252/2016_-_The_martial_memory_of_the_national_anthems_and_their_current_figures_Exam_-_SEMIOTICS_OF_CONFLICT.pdf}}</ref> On 8 July 1833, ''Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba'' was officially recognized as Uruguay's national anthem.<ref name=embajada>[http://www.embajadadeluruguay.com.ar/himno.htm History about the Anthem of Uruguay] ''Embassy of Uruguay in Argentina''</ref> Several musical settings failed to gain public support, including a score by the Spanish-born<ref name="Sáenz">{{cite web |title=Antonio Sáenz |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/71765/antonio-saenz |work=Diccionario Biográfico electrónico de la Real Academia de la Historia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125190909/https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/71765/antonio-saenz |archive-date=25 November 2022 |language=es |url-status=live}}</ref> composer Antonio Sáenz.<ref name=Panizza/> The [[Rossini]]-inspired<ref name="Gon2013"/> music that eventually became universally associated with the anthem was composed by the Hungarian-born composer [[Francisco José Debali]], with the assistance of [[Fernando Quijano]], a Uruguayan actor and musician.<ref name=Panizza>{{Cite web |last=Panizza |first=Walter |title=El Himno Nacional |date=7 November 2003 |series=Year 1, no. 51 |collaboration=compiled from the work of [[Lauro Ayestarán]] |url=http://www.uruguayinforme.com/articulos/07112003panizza.htm |website=Informe Uruguay |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320144629/http://www.uruguayinforme.com/articulos/07112003panizza.htm |archive-date=20 March 2011 |url-status=dead |lang=es}}</ref> The score was first performed on 19 July 1845, and it was officially recognized as the music for the anthem on 25 July 1848.<ref name=anthems>{{cite web | url=http://nationalanthems.me/uruguay-himno-nacional-de-uruguay | title=Uruguay - Himno Nacional de Uruguay | publisher=National Anthems.me | access-date=2011-11-18 }}</ref> |
The Uruguayan poet [[Francisco Acuña de Figueroa]], who also wrote the lyrics for Paraguay's national anthem "[[Paraguayos, República o Muerte]]", was responsible for the [[Uruguay#Independence struggle|martial]] lyrics.<ref name=Montoro2016>{{cite thesis |last=Montoro |first=Juan Manuel |date=2016 |title=The martial memory of national anthems and their current figures. The case of Uruguay. |type=MA [Laurea magistrale] |publisher=University of Bologna |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/48416252/2016_-_The_martial_memory_of_the_national_anthems_and_their_current_figures_Exam_-_SEMIOTICS_OF_CONFLICT.pdf}}</ref> On 8 July 1833, ''Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba'' was officially recognized as Uruguay's national anthem.<ref name=embajada>[http://www.embajadadeluruguay.com.ar/himno.htm History about the Anthem of Uruguay] ''Embassy of Uruguay in Argentina''</ref> Several musical settings failed to gain public support, including a score by the Spanish-born<ref name="Sáenz">{{cite web |title=Antonio Sáenz |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/71765/antonio-saenz |work=Diccionario Biográfico electrónico de la Real Academia de la Historia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125190909/https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/71765/antonio-saenz |archive-date=25 November 2022 |language=es |url-status=live}}</ref> composer Antonio Sáenz.<ref name=Panizza/> The [[Rossini]]-inspired<ref name="Gon2013"/> music that eventually became universally associated with the anthem was composed by the Hungarian-born composer [[Francisco José Debali]], with the assistance of [[Fernando Quijano]], a Uruguayan actor and musician.<ref name=Panizza>{{Cite web |last=Panizza |first=Walter |title=El Himno Nacional |date=7 November 2003 |series=Year 1, no. 51 |collaboration=compiled from the work of [[Lauro Ayestarán]] |url=http://www.uruguayinforme.com/articulos/07112003panizza.htm |website=Informe Uruguay |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320144629/http://www.uruguayinforme.com/articulos/07112003panizza.htm |archive-date=20 March 2011 |url-status=dead |lang=es}}</ref> The score was first performed on 19 July 1845, and it was officially recognized as the music for the anthem on 25 July 1848.<ref name=anthems>{{cite web | url=http://nationalanthems.me/uruguay-himno-nacional-de-uruguay | title=Uruguay - Himno Nacional de Uruguay | publisher=National Anthems.me | access-date=2011-11-18 }}</ref> |
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Of note, the music for the Uruguayan national anthem is sometimes erroneously attributed to [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]. It is true that on one of his visits to Uruguay Saint-Saëns was requested to write a hymn to celebrate the national [[independence day]]. However, circumstances prevented it from becoming the national anthem.<ref name="Saint-Saëns">{{cite news |title=Saint-Saëns the globe trotter: a much travelled composer |work=BBC Music Magazine |date=25 November 2021 |pages=53 |quote=Saint-Saëns made two visits to Uruguay and is sometimes credited with having composed the country's national anthem. The dovernment did, in fact, commission him to compose a hymn for the national day on 14 July. Subsequent political changes, however, and the elevation of 25 August as Uruguay's official independence day precluded Saint-Saëns's hymn from becoming the national anthem.}}</ref> |
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==Music== |
==Music== |
Revision as of 16:53, 29 November 2022
English: National Anthem of Uruguay | |
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National anthem of Uruguay | |
Also known as | Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba (English: Easterners, the Country or the Tomb) |
Lyrics | Francisco Acuña de Figueroa, 1833 |
Music | Francisco José Debali, 1845 |
Adopted | 1848 |
Audio sample | |
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version |
This article is part of a series on the |
Culture of Uruguay |
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Uruguay Portal |
The "Himno Nacional de Uruguay" (English: "National Anthem of Uruguay"), also known by its incipit "Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba" (English: "Easterners,[a] the Country or the Tomb"),[1] is the longest national anthem in terms of duration with 105 bars of music.[2] When performed in its entirety, the anthem lasts about four-and-a-half to six minutes, although nowadays only the first verse and chorus are sung on most occasions,[3] such as before sporting events.
Its martial[4] lyrics are by the Uruguayan poet Francisco Acuña de Figueroa, who also wrote the lyrics for Paraguay's national anthem, "Paraguayos, República o Muerte". The lyrics were officially declared the national anthem in July 1833.[5] Several proposed musical settings failed to gain public support.[6] The Rossini-inspired[7] music that eventually became universally associated with the anthem was composed by the Hungarian-born composer Francisco José Debali, with the assistance of Fernando Quijano, a Uruguayan actor and musician.[6] A few days after the first performance in July 1845, it was officially recognized as the music for the anthem.[8] As with other South American national anthems, the music was inspired by the local popularity of Italian opera.[7] It includes several references to La Cenerentola and other operas by Rossini, as well as a direct musical quotation from Lucrezia Borgia by Gaetano Donizetti.[7]
The French composer Camille Saint-Saëns is sometimes erroneously credited with having composed the music: although he was requested to write a hymn to celebrate the national independence day, the composition never became the national anthem.[9]
History
The Uruguayan poet Francisco Acuña de Figueroa, who also wrote the lyrics for Paraguay's national anthem "Paraguayos, República o Muerte", was responsible for the martial lyrics.[4] On 8 July 1833, Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba was officially recognized as Uruguay's national anthem.[5] Several musical settings failed to gain public support, including a score by the Spanish-born[10] composer Antonio Sáenz.[6] The Rossini-inspired[7] music that eventually became universally associated with the anthem was composed by the Hungarian-born composer Francisco José Debali, with the assistance of Fernando Quijano, a Uruguayan actor and musician.[6] The score was first performed on 19 July 1845, and it was officially recognized as the music for the anthem on 25 July 1848.[8]
Of note, the music for the Uruguayan national anthem is sometimes erroneously attributed to Camille Saint-Saëns. It is true that on one of his visits to Uruguay Saint-Saëns was requested to write a hymn to celebrate the national independence day. However, circumstances prevented it from becoming the national anthem.[9]
Music
As with every other South American national anthem, the music was inspired by the local popularity of Italian opera.[7] The full 105-bar version of the anthem evokes an operatic scena e aria for soloist and chorus (almost in solita forma manner, with a cabaletta-like conclusion).[7] Debali had directed many productions of operas by Gioachino Rossini and Gaetano Donizetti in Montevideo, and during the course of the anthem he makes several musical references to Rossini's La Cenerentola, as well as to Largo al factotum from The Barber of Seville, and to a chorus from Semiramide.[7] A further passage is clearly borrowed from the ending of the Prologue of Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia.[7]
Lyrics
Spanish original[11][12][13] | English translation of original | Spanish as performed | English translation of performed version |
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Coro: |
Chorus: |
Coro: |
Chorus: |
Notes
- ^ The people of Uruguay are commonly referred to as orientales, meaning "easterners".
References
- ^ "Eastern landsmen, our country or the tomb! (Uruguay) (arr. P. Breiner) : Uruguay ("Eastern..." YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-05.
- ^ Facts About National Anthems National Anthems of the World
- ^ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". Archived from the original on 2018-12-23. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ a b Montoro, Juan Manuel (2016). The martial memory of national anthems and their current figures. The case of Uruguay (PDF) (MA [Laurea magistrale]). University of Bologna.
- ^ a b History about the Anthem of Uruguay Embassy of Uruguay in Argentina
- ^ a b c d Panizza, Walter; et al. (compiled from the work of Lauro Ayestarán) (7 November 2003). "El Himno Nacional". Informe Uruguay. Year 1, no. 51 (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 March 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Gon, Federico (2013). "Gli 'eroi dei due mondi': Rossini, Donizetti, Verdi e gli inni nazionali sudamericani" (PDF). In Illiano, Roberto (ed.). Viva V.E.R.D.I.: Music from the Risorgimento to the Unification of Italy. Studies on Italian Music History, vol. 8 (in Italian). Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN 978-2-503-55018-3.
- ^ a b "Uruguay - Himno Nacional de Uruguay". National Anthems.me. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ^ a b "Saint-Saëns the globe trotter: a much travelled composer". BBC Music Magazine. 25 November 2021. p. 53.
Saint-Saëns made two visits to Uruguay and is sometimes credited with having composed the country's national anthem. The dovernment did, in fact, commission him to compose a hymn for the national day on 14 July. Subsequent political changes, however, and the elevation of 25 August as Uruguay's official independence day precluded Saint-Saëns's hymn from becoming the national anthem.
- ^ "Antonio Sáenz". Diccionario Biográfico electrónico de la Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 November 2022.
- ^ Cervantes, Alejandro Magariños (1878). Album de poesias (in Spanish). la Tribuna. p. 245.
- ^ "Himno Nacional" (PDF). General Directorate of Initial and Primary Education . p. 8. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
- ^ de Maria, Isidoro (1888). "Cantos escolares y recitaciones para la juventud educanda de la República Oriental del Uruguay" (PDF). Digital Library of Uruguayan Authors. pp. 3–4 (2–3 in file). Retrieved 2022-03-29.
External links
- Free sheet music of the National Anthem of Uruguay from Cantorion.org
- Uruguay anthem streaming audio, lyrics and info (archive link)