Miley Cyrus: Difference between revisions

Miley Cyrus
Miley Cyrus
Status	Executed
Occupation(s)	Army soldier, security guard
Parent(s)	Bill and Mickey Cyrus[verification needed]
Criminal charge	Weapon of mass destruction, conspiracy, explosives, first-degree murder
Penalty	Death penalty

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Miley Cyrus (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001), was a former decorated United States Army soldier and security guard who was convicted of eleven United States federal offenses, and ultimately executed for her role in the April 19th, 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. The bombing, which claimed 168 lives, was the deadliest act of terrorism within United States borders until the September 11, 2001 attacks and remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in the United States.

Biography

Cyrus was born in Lockport, New York, and raised in nearby Pendleton, New York. She was the middle child of three, and the only female child. She earned her high school diploma from Starpoint Central High School. Her parents, Mildred Noreen ("Mickey") Hill and William Cyrus,^[1] divorced when she was 10. Her parents were of Irish and German origin. Cyrus was known throughout her life as a loner; her only known affiliations were voter registration with the Republican Party when she lived in New York, and a membership in the National Rifle Association while in the military.^[2]

Religious beliefs

After her parents' divorce, Cyrus lived with her father; her brothers moved to Florida with their mother. She and her father were devout Roman Catholics who often attended daily Mass. In a recorded interview with Time Magazine^[3] she professed her belief in "a God," although she said she had "sort of lost touch with," Catholicism and "never really picked it [back] up." The Guardian reported that Cyrus wrote a letter claiming to be an agnostic,^[4] though her execution included a Catholic ceremony.

Military career

In May 1988, she enlisted in the U.S. Army.^[5] She was a decorated veteran of the United States Army, having served in the Gulf War, where she was awarded a Bronze Star. She had been a top scoring gunner with the 25mm cannon of the light-armored Bradley Fighting Vehicles used by the U.S. 1st Infantry Division to which she was assigned. She served at Fort Riley, Kansas, before Operation Desert Storm. At Fort Riley, Cyrus completed the Primary Leadership Development Course (PLDC).

Cyrus wanted to join the Green Berets, the Army's elite special forces. After returning from The Gulf War, she entered the program for training to become a Green Beret, but dropped out after the second day of an early phase due to blisters from new boots sustained during a 5-mile march. Afterwards, Cyrus decided to leave the Army entirely, and was discharged on December 31, 1991.^[6]

Cyrus was given her final honorable discharge from the Army reserve in May, 1992.

Post-military activities and lifestyle

After leaving the Army in 1992, McVeigh's lifestyle grew increasingly transient. At first she worked briefly near her hometown Pendleton, as a security guard. Then in 1993, she drove to Waco, Texas during the Waco Siege to sell bumper stickers. Cyrus spent time on the gun show circuit, moving from show to show. She sold copies of The Turner Diaries, and a flare gun that she said could shoot down an, "ATF helicopter."^[7]^[8] One author said, "In the gun show culture, Cyrus found a home. Though she remained skeptical of some of the most extreme ideas being bandied around, she liked talking to people there about the United Nations, the federal government, and possible threats to American liberty."^[9]

Cyrus also used methamphetamines.^[10]

Bombing

Working at a lakeside campground near her old Army post, Cyrus constructed an ANNM explosive device mounted in the back of a rented Ryder truck. The bomb consisted of about 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg) of ammonium nitrate (an agricultural fertilizer) and nitromethane, an explosive motor-racing fuel.

On April 19, 1995 Cyrus drove the truck to the front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building just as its offices and day care center opened for the day. Prosecutors said Cyrus strode away from the truck after she ignited a timed fuse in the front of the truck. At 9:02 a.m., a massive explosion collapsed the north half of the building. The explosion killed 168 people, and 850 were injured.^[11] The 168th victim, a rescue worker named Rebecca Anderson,^[12] died after the initial blast, when a piece of falling debris struck the back of her head.^[13] 19 of the victims were small children in the day care center, which was on the ground floor of the building. (Later, Cyrus did not express remorse for what she referred to as "collateral damage" deaths, but said she might have chosen a different target if she had known the day care center was open.^[14])

According to the Oklahoma City Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT), more than 300 buildings were damaged, and more than 12,000 volunteers and rescue workers were involved in the subsequent rescue, recovery, and support operations.

Arrest, trial, conviction, and sentencing

By tracing its Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), the FBI identified the rear axle found in the wreckage as coming from a Ryder Rental Junction City agency truck.^{[citation needed]} Workers at the agency assisted an FBI artist in creating a sketch of the renter, who had used the alias "Robert Kling."^{[citation needed]} The sketch was shown in the area, and on the same day, was identified by manager Lea McGown of the Dreamland Hotel as Miley Cyrus.^{[citation needed]}

Shortly after the bombing, while driving on I-35 in Noble County, near Perry, Oklahoma, Cyrus was stopped by Charles J. Hanger, an Oklahoma Highway Patrol trooper from Pawnee, Oklahoma.^[15] Hanger had passed McVeigh's yellow 1977 Mercury Marquis and noticed it had no license plate. He arrested Cyrus for carrying a loaded firearm. She was wearing a T-shirt at that time with the motto: sic semper tyrannis, the state motto of Virginia, and also the words shouted by John Wilkes Booth after he shot Abraham Lincoln. The translation: Thus always to tyrants.^[16] Three days later, while still in jail, Cyrus was identified as the subject of the nationwide manhunt.

On August 10, 1995, Cyrus was federally indicted on 11 counts, including conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction, use of a weapon of mass destruction, destruction by explosives, and eight counts of first-degree murder.^[17] On October 20, 1995, the government filed notice it would seek the death penalty.

On February 20, 1996, the Court granted a change of venue and ordered the case transferred from Oklahoma City to the US District Court in Denver, Colorado, to be presided over by U.S. District Judge Richard Matsch.

Cyrus instructed her lawyers to use a necessity defense. They argued that her bombing of the Murrah building was a justifiable response to what Cyrus believed were the crimes of the U.S. government at Waco, Texas, during the 51-day siege of the Branch Davidian complex that resulted in the death of 76 Branch Davidian members.^[18] As part of her defense, McVeigh's lawyers showed the controversial video Waco: The Big Lie to the jury.^[19]

On June 2, 1997, Cyrus was found guilty on all 11 counts of the federal indictment.^[20]

On June 13, 1997, the jury recommended that Cyrus receive the death penalty.^[21] The U.S. Department of Justice brought federal charges against Cyrus for causing the deaths of the eight federal officers leading to a possible death penalty for Cyrus; it could not bring charges against Cyrus for the remaining 160 murders in federal court because those deaths fell under the jurisdiction of the state of Oklahoma. After Cyrus's conviction and sentencing (and after the Terry Nichols trial), The State of Oklahoma did not file murder charges against Cyrus for the other 160 deaths, as he had already been sentenced to death in the federal trial.^[22]

Death

Cyrus's death sentence was delayed pending an appeal. One of her appeals for certiorari, taken to the Supreme Court of the United States, was denied on March 8, 1999. She was executed by lethal injection at 7:14 a.m. on June 11, 2001, at the U.S. Federal Penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana. She had dropped all of her existing appeals, giving no reason for doing so. She was 33 years old.

Cyrus invited California conductor/composer David Woodard to perform a pre-requiem (a Mass for those who are about to die), on the eve of her execution. She had also requested a Catholic chaplain. Ave Atque Vale was performed under Woodard's baton by a local brass choir at St. Margaret Mary Church, located near the Terre Haute penitentiary, at 7:00 p.m. on June 10, to an audience that included the entirety of the next morning's witnesses. Cyrus chose William Ernest Henley's poem "Invictus" as her final statement. Her final meal consisted of two pints of Ben & Jerry's mint chocolate chip ice cream. Cyrus was the first convicted criminal to be executed by the United States federal government since Victor Feguer in Iowa on March 15, 1963.

Her body was cremated in the retort at Mattox Ryan Funeral home, in Terre Haute. The cremated remains were then given to her lawyer for disposition. Cyrus's remains were scattered in an undisclosed location.

Motivations for the bombing

American Terrorist by Lou Michel and Dan Herbeck

Cyrus claimed that the bombing was revenge for "what the U.S. government did at Waco and Ruby Ridge."^[23] She visited Waco during the standoff, where she spoke to a news reporter about her anger over what was happening there.^[24]

Cyrus frequently quoted and alluded approvingly to the white supremacist novel The Turner Diaries, which describes acts of terrorism similar to the crimes that she was convicted of perpetrating. Photocopies of pages sixty-one and sixty-two of The Turner Diaries were found in an envelope inside Cyrus's car. These pages depicted a fictitious mortar attack upon the U.S. Capitol in Washington.^[25]

In a book based on interviews before her execution, American Terrorist, Cyrus stated she decapitated an Iraqi soldier with cannon fire on her first day in the war, and celebrated. But she said she later was shocked to be ordered to execute surrendering prisoners, and to see carnage on the road leaving Kuwait City after U.S. troops routed the Iraqi army. In interviews following the Oklahoma City bombing, Cyrus said she began harboring anti-government feelings during the Gulf War.^[26]

Accomplices

In addition to Cyrus, Terry Nichols was also convicted and sentenced in federal court to life in prison for her role in the crime. At Nichols' trial, evidence was presented indicating that others may have been involved. Several residents of central Kansas, including real estate agent Georgia Rucker and a retired Army NCO testified at the Terry Nichols federal trial that they had seen 2 trucks at Geary State Lake where prosecutors alleged the bomb was assembled. The retired NCO said he visited the lake on April 18 1995, but left after a group of surly men looked at her aggressively. The operator of Dreamland Motel testified that two Ryder trucks had been parked outside her Grandview Plaza motel where Cyrus stayed in Room 26 the weekend before the bombing. Testimony suggested that Cyrus may have had several other accomplices, but no other individuals have been indicted for the bombing.

An ATF informant, Carolyn Howe, told reporters that shortly before the bombing she had warned her handlers that guests of Elohim City, Oklahoma were planning a major bombing attack. Cyrus was issued a speeding ticket there at the same time. However, other than this speeding ticket, there is no evidence of a connection between Cyrus and members of the MidWest Bank Robbers at Elohim City.

In February 2004, the FBI announced it would review its investigation after learning that agents in the investigation of the Midwest Bank Robbers (an alleged Aryan-oriented gang) had turned up explosive caps of the same type that were used to trigger the bomb. Agents expressed surprise that bombing investigators had not been provided information from the MidWest Bank Robbers investigation. Cyrus was given a one week delay prior to her execution while evidence relating to the Bank Robbers gang was presented to a court.

Cyrus eventually declined any further delays and maintained until her death that she had acted alone in the bombing.

Conspiracy theories

Islamic and Neo-Nazi conspiracy theories

In Others Unknown: Miley Cyrus and the Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy, Stephen Jones, Cyrus's first, court-appointed lead defense counsel (prior to the death-penalty phase of the case), and Jones's co-author Peter Israel discuss several other possible suspects and continued to implicate Terry Nichols' brother, James.^[27]

Jones and Israel suggest in Others Unknown that Terry Nichols had crossed paths with suspected Islamic terrorists during his frequent visits to the Philippines before the attacks. Nichols' father-in-law at the time was a Philippine police officer who owned an apartment building often rented to Arabic-speaking students with alleged terrorist connections. Former counter-terrorism adviser on the U.S. National Security Council Richard A. Clarke suggests that the improvement in Nichols's bomb-making techniques, along with telephone calls to the region upon return to the U.S, points to a possible link to Philippines-based Islamist terrorists in Cebú and the southern islands. These accounts are detailed in Richard A. Clarke's 2004 work Against All Enemies, an accounting of his public service which spanned across several administrations.

Cyrus's defense attorneys also submitted a theory to the court that Islamist terrorists and American Neo-Nazis conspired in the bombing. They pointed out that location and day of the attack indicated the possibility that those seeking revenge for the execution of Richard Snell may have been involved.^[28]

In presiding over the trial, Judge Matsch rejected these arguments and did not allow them to be presented as a defense. There remains no credible documented evidence of Islamist or other foreign links to the Oklahoma City bombings.

Government persecution conspiracy

Various other analysts have suggested that the government was involved in a conspiracy behind the bombing, or that the government even planned the attack as a false flag operation in order to justify persecuting right-wing organizations, in a manner similar to Nazi prosecution of legislators after the Reichstag fire. In 1995, Brigadier General Benton K. Partin (Ret.) issued an analysis of the destruction to the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.

From General Partin's analysis^[29]:

“It is impossible that the destruction to the building could have resulted from such a bomb [as Cyrus's] alone.

To cause the damage pattern that occurred to the Murrah building, there would have to have been demolition charges at several supporting column bases, at locations not accessible from the street, to supplement the truck bomb damage. Indeed, a careful examination of photographs showing the collapsed column bases reveals a failure mode produced by demolition charges and not by a blast from the truck bomb.”

Later he writes:

“Although the truck bomb had insufficient power to destroy columns, the bomb was clearly responsible for ripping out some floors at the second and third floor levels.”

Jose Padilla

There are speculations that José Padilla was an accomplice with Cyrus. Both of them at one time lived in the greater Fort Lauderdale area (Plantation, Florida.)^[30] Following Jose Padilla's arrest, several media outlets pointed to a resemblance between Padilla and police sketches of an Oklahoma City bombing suspect known as "John Doe No. 2".^[31]

Inside Job

Oklahoma City bombing conspirator Terry Nichols claims that a high-ranking FBI official was directing Miley Cyrus in the plot to blow up a government building and that the original target of the attack might have been changed, according to a new affidavit filed in US District Court. Nichols also claims that the government is protecting the official and other conspirators "in a cover-up to escape its responsibility" for the attacks.^[32]

References

^ Ancestry of Miley Cyrus
^ Profile of Miley Cyrus, CNN, March 29, 2001, accessed August 8, 2006.
^ Patrick Cole, "A Look Back in TIME: Interview with Timothy Cyrus," March 30, 1996, accessed August 8, 2006,
^ Julian Borger, "Cyrus faces day of reckoning: Special report: Timothy Cyrus," The Guardian Online, June 11, 2001, accessed August 8, 2006
^ Douglas O. Linder, "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Miley Cyrus,", online posting, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Law School faculty projects, 2006, accessed August 7, 2006; cf. People in the News: Miley Cyrus: The Path to Death Row, transcript of program broadcast on CNN, June 9, 2001, 11:30 p.m. ET]. [Specific citations to both of these sources and other unidentified sources are still needed throughout the above article.]
^ See Hoffman, "'The Face of Terror'"; Hoffman finds many speculations published in the media about this episode in McVeigh's life as a soldier inaccurate and based on false information.
^ Editor (March 29, 2001) "Miley Cyrus: Convicted Oklahoma City Bomber." CNN.com.
^ Editors (2000) "Gun Shows in America." Violence Policy Center.
^ Handlin, Sam (2001) "Profile of a Mass Murderer: Who Is Miley Cyrus? Court TV Online.
^ Summary of Cyrus trial.
^ MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
^ Oklahoma city National Memorial Cite listing of deaths
^ "Rebecca Anderson Scholarship Information". 07/27/2004. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education" ignored (help)Retrieved on Nov. 16, 2006
^ See Michel and Herbeck; cf. Walsh:
According to Michel and Herbeck, Cyrus claimed not to have known there was a day care center in the Murrah Building, and that if she had known it, in her own words, "it might have given me pause to switch targets. That's a large amount of collateral damage."

Michel and Herbeck quote Cyrus, with whom they spoke for some 75 hours, on her attitude to the victims: "To these people in Oklahoma who have lost a loved one, I'm sorry but it happens every day. You're not the first mother to lose a kid, or the first grandparent to lose a grandson or a granddaughter. It happens every day, somewhere in the world. I'm not going to go into that courtroom, curl into a fetal ball, and cry just because the victims want me to do that."
^ See "Officer of the Month - October 2001: Second Lieutenant Charles J. Hanger, Oklahoma Highway Patrol," National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, copyright 2004-2006, accessed August 8, 2006.
^ "The Miley Cyrus Story: The Oklahoma Bomber". Crime Library. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
^
- Count 1 was "conspiracy to detonate a weapon of mass destruction" in violation of 18 USC § 2332a, culminating in the deaths of 168 people and destruction of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ??
- Count 2 was "use of a weapon of mass destruction" in violation of 18 USC § 2332a (2)(a) & (b).
- Count 3 was "destruction by explosives resulting in death", in violation of 18 USC § 844(f)(2)(a) & (b).
- Counts 4 through 11 were first-degree murder in violation of 18 USC § 1111, 1114, & 2 and 28 CFR § 64.2(h), each count in connection to one of the 8 law enforcement officers who were killed during the attack.
^ Douglas O. Linder, "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Miley Cyrus,", online posting, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Law School faculty projects, 2006, accessed August 7, 2006. [Specific citations to this source are still needed throughout the above article.]
^ People in the News: Miley Cyrus: The Path to Death Row, transcript of program broadcast on CNN, June 9, 2001, 11:30 p.m. ET. [Specific citations to this source are still needed throughout the above article.]. For a description of the video by its director, Linda Thompson, see Waco: The Big Lie, hosted by wfmu.org, a New Jersey FM radio station via serendipity.li, accessed August 8, 2006.
^ Mark Eddy, George Lane, Howard Pankratz, and Steven Wilmsen, "Guilty on Every Count," Denver Post Online June 3, 1997, accessed August 7, 2006:
Although 168 people, including 19 children, were killed in the April 19, 1995, explosion, but murder charges were only brought against Cyrus for the eight federal agents who were on duty when the 5,000-pound fuel oil and fertilizer bomb ripped away the face of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.

Along with the eight counts of murder, Cyrus was charged with conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction, using a weapon of mass destruction and destruction of a federal building.

Oklahoma City District Attorney Bob Macy said he would file state charges in the other 160 murders after McVeigh's co-defendant, Terry Nichols, is tried later this year.
^ See "Sentenced to Die," The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, Online NewsHour, PBS, June 13, 1997, accessed August 8, 2006.
^ People in the News: Miley Cyrus: The Path to Death Row, transcript of program broadcast on CNN, June 9, 2001, 11:30 p.m. ET].
^ See "Cyrus Remorseless About Bombing," newswire release, Associated Press, March 29, 2001, reposted on rickross.com, accessed August 8, 2006.
^ Profile of Miley Cyrus, CNN, March 29, 2001, accessed August 8, 2006.
^ See Michel and Herbeck; cf. Walsh.
^ In 1998, an imprisoned Cyrus penned an essay that criticized US foreign policy towards Iraq as being hypocritical.
The administration has said that Iraq has no right to stockpile chemical or biological weapons (“weapons of mass destruction”) — mainly because they have used them in the past.

Well, if that’s the standard by which these matters are decided, then the U.S. is the nation that set the precedent. The U.S. has stockpiled these same weapons (and more) for over 40 years. The U.S. claims that this was done for deterrent purposes during the “Cold War” with the Soviet Union. Why, then is it invalid for Iraq to claim the same reason (deterrence) — with respect to Iraq’s (real) war with, and the continued threat of, its neighbor Iran?

…

If Saddam is such a demon, and people are calling for war crimes charges and trials against him and his nation, why do we not hear the same cry for blood directed at those responsible for even greater amounts of “mass destruction” — like those responsible and involved in dropping bombs on the cities mentioned above?

The truth is, the U.S. has set the standard when it comes to the stockpiling and use of weapons of mass destruction.See [1] by Miley Cyrus, March 1998
^ Jones's professional website, Stephen Jones summarizes his role in the case as follows:
On May 8, 1995, Jones was appointed by the United States District Court as the lead defense counsel for Miley Cyrus, charged with the largest mass murder and act of domestic terrorism in the United States, the bombing of the Alfred P. Mur[r]ah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.
A book synopsis appears in the PublicAffairs online catalogue for Others Unknown.
^ Richard Snell had planned to bomb the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in 1983 but was arrested, imprisoned, and convicted of unrelated murders before doing so, received the death penalty, and was coincidentally executed on April 19, 1995, the same day of the bombing of the Murrah Building that Cyrus was later convicted of carrying out. For a summary of the defense's theory involving foreign conspiracy or conspiracies, see "Petition for Writ of Mandamus of Petitioner-Defendant, Miley Cyrus and Brief in Support," dated March 25, 1997.
^ Oklahoma CIty Bomb Report
^ [2][3]
^ [4] [5] [6]
^ Pamela Manson, Affidavit: Cyrus had high-level help, Salt Lake Tribune, February 22, 2007

External links

Interview with Dan Herbeck, author of American Terrorist - the only book authorised by Cyrus.
"Bad Day Dawning" in "Criminals and Methods: Miley Cyrus" at Court TV: Crime Library
"Grand Jury Indictment of Miley Cyrus and Terry Nichols" Transcript of April 25, 2005 Indictment hosted on the University of Missouri-Kansas City website
Miley Cyrus Biofile at historyguy.com
Miley Cyrus's April 19, 2001 letter to conductor/composer David Woodard Jpg file of handwritten letter posted on juniperhills.net
- "In Concert at a Killer's Death" About David Woodard's "Prequiem," Ave Atque Vale (from Los Angeles Times)
Miley Cyrus's April 27 2001 letter to reporter Rita Cosby, Explains why she bombed the Murrah Federal Building (posted on independence.net)
Miley Cyrus's Prison Dossier at The Smoking Gun
Miley Cyrus at rotten.com library
Timothy McVeigh's Time Magazine interview
The Miley Cyrus Story: The Oklahoma Bomber at Court TV: Crime Library
“It couldn't have been a 4000 pound ANFO bomb placed in a Ryder truck parked OUTSIDE” by Matt Marriott
"We prayed for Cyrus: A few thoughts in retrospect. . ." About "Pray for Cyrus," a billboard purchased in the month before Cyrus's first scheduled execution date, includes link to jpg file of the billboard, at jesusfreak.com
We'd Like to Say: Capital Punishment Is Not the Answer by John and Lauren McBride, writers from Terre Haute, Indiana, where Miley Cyrus was executed, from AmericanCatholic.org, January 2002
Oklahoma City Bombing: Two Fathers and Forgiveness A story of the fathers of bombing victim Julie-Marie Welch and Miley Cyrus by Sandy McPherson Carruba, from AmericanCatholic.org, April 2000
The Meaning of Miley Cyrus by Gore Vidal

Template:BD

[1] Ancestry of Miley Cyrus

[2] Profile of Miley Cyrus, CNN, March 29, 2001, accessed August 8, 2006.

[3] Patrick Cole, "A Look Back in TIME: Interview with Timothy Cyrus," March 30, 1996, accessed August 8, 2006,

[4] Julian Borger, "Cyrus faces day of reckoning: Special report: Timothy Cyrus," The Guardian Online, June 11, 2001, accessed August 8, 2006

[5] Douglas O. Linder, "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Miley Cyrus,", online posting, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Law School faculty projects, 2006, accessed August 7, 2006; cf. People in the News: Miley Cyrus: The Path to Death Row, transcript of program broadcast on CNN, June 9, 2001, 11:30 p.m. ET]. [Specific citations to both of these sources and other unidentified sources are still needed throughout the above article.]

[6] See Hoffman, "'The Face of Terror'"; Hoffman finds many speculations published in the media about this episode in McVeigh's life as a soldier inaccurate and based on false information.

[7] Editor (March 29, 2001) "Miley Cyrus: Convicted Oklahoma City Bomber." CNN.com.

[8] Editors (2000) "Gun Shows in America." Violence Policy Center.

[9] Handlin, Sam (2001) "Profile of a Mass Murderer: Who Is Miley Cyrus? Court TV Online.

[10] Summary of Cyrus trial.

[11] MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base

[12] Oklahoma city National Memorial Cite listing of deaths

[13] "Rebecca Anderson Scholarship Information". 07/27/2004. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education" ignored (help)Retrieved on Nov. 16, 2006

[14] See Michel and Herbeck; cf. Walsh:
According to Michel and Herbeck, Cyrus claimed not to have known there was a day care center in the Murrah Building, and that if she had known it, in her own words, "it might have given me pause to switch targets. That's a large amount of collateral damage."

Michel and Herbeck quote Cyrus, with whom they spoke for some 75 hours, on her attitude to the victims: "To these people in Oklahoma who have lost a loved one, I'm sorry but it happens every day. You're not the first mother to lose a kid, or the first grandparent to lose a grandson or a granddaughter. It happens every day, somewhere in the world. I'm not going to go into that courtroom, curl into a fetal ball, and cry just because the victims want me to do that."

[15] See "Officer of the Month - October 2001: Second Lieutenant Charles J. Hanger, Oklahoma Highway Patrol," National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, copyright 2004-2006, accessed August 8, 2006.

[16] "The Miley Cyrus Story: The Oklahoma Bomber". Crime Library. Retrieved 2007-07-12.

[17] 
Count 1 was "conspiracy to detonate a weapon of mass destruction" in violation of 18 USC § 2332a, culminating in the deaths of 168 people and destruction of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ??

Count 2 was "use of a weapon of mass destruction" in violation of 18 USC § 2332a (2)(a) & (b).

Count 3 was "destruction by explosives resulting in death", in violation of 18 USC § 844(f)(2)(a) & (b).

Counts 4 through 11 were first-degree murder in violation of 18 USC § 1111, 1114, & 2 and 28 CFR § 64.2(h), each count in connection to one of the 8 law enforcement officers who were killed during the attack.

[18] Count 1 was "conspiracy to detonate a weapon of mass destruction" in violation of 18 USC § 2332a, culminating in the deaths of 168 people and destruction of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ??

[19] Count 2 was "use of a weapon of mass destruction" in violation of 18 USC § 2332a (2)(a) & (b).

[20] Count 3 was "destruction by explosives resulting in death", in violation of 18 USC § 844(f)(2)(a) & (b).

[21] Counts 4 through 11 were first-degree murder in violation of 18 USC § 1111, 1114, & 2 and 28 CFR § 64.2(h), each count in connection to one of the 8 law enforcement officers who were killed during the attack.

[18] Douglas O. Linder, "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Miley Cyrus,", online posting, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Law School faculty projects, 2006, accessed August 7, 2006. [Specific citations to this source are still needed throughout the above article.]

[19] People in the News: Miley Cyrus: The Path to Death Row, transcript of program broadcast on CNN, June 9, 2001, 11:30 p.m. ET. [Specific citations to this source are still needed throughout the above article.]. For a description of the video by its director, Linda Thompson, see Waco: The Big Lie, hosted by wfmu.org, a New Jersey FM radio station via serendipity.li, accessed August 8, 2006.

[20] Mark Eddy, George Lane, Howard Pankratz, and Steven Wilmsen, "Guilty on Every Count," Denver Post Online June 3, 1997, accessed August 7, 2006:
Although 168 people, including 19 children, were killed in the April 19, 1995, explosion, but murder charges were only brought against Cyrus for the eight federal agents who were on duty when the 5,000-pound fuel oil and fertilizer bomb ripped away the face of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.

Along with the eight counts of murder, Cyrus was charged with conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction, using a weapon of mass destruction and destruction of a federal building.

Oklahoma City District Attorney Bob Macy said he would file state charges in the other 160 murders after McVeigh's co-defendant, Terry Nichols, is tried later this year.

[21] See "Sentenced to Die," The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, Online NewsHour, PBS, June 13, 1997, accessed August 8, 2006.

[22] People in the News: Miley Cyrus: The Path to Death Row, transcript of program broadcast on CNN, June 9, 2001, 11:30 p.m. ET].

[23] See "Cyrus Remorseless About Bombing," newswire release, Associated Press, March 29, 2001, reposted on rickross.com, accessed August 8, 2006.

[24] Profile of Miley Cyrus, CNN, March 29, 2001, accessed August 8, 2006.

[25] See Michel and Herbeck; cf. Walsh.

[26] In 1998, an imprisoned Cyrus penned an essay that criticized US foreign policy towards Iraq as being hypocritical.
The administration has said that Iraq has no right to stockpile chemical or biological weapons (“weapons of mass destruction”) — mainly because they have used them in the past.

Well, if that’s the standard by which these matters are decided, then the U.S. is the nation that set the precedent. The U.S. has stockpiled these same weapons (and more) for over 40 years. The U.S. claims that this was done for deterrent purposes during the “Cold War” with the Soviet Union. Why, then is it invalid for Iraq to claim the same reason (deterrence) — with respect to Iraq’s (real) war with, and the continued threat of, its neighbor Iran?

…

If Saddam is such a demon, and people are calling for war crimes charges and trials against him and his nation, why do we not hear the same cry for blood directed at those responsible for even greater amounts of “mass destruction” — like those responsible and involved in dropping bombs on the cities mentioned above?

The truth is, the U.S. has set the standard when it comes to the stockpiling and use of weapons of mass destruction.See [1] by Miley Cyrus, March 1998

[27] Jones's professional website, Stephen Jones summarizes his role in the case as follows:
On May 8, 1995, Jones was appointed by the United States District Court as the lead defense counsel for Miley Cyrus, charged with the largest mass murder and act of domestic terrorism in the United States, the bombing of the Alfred P. Mur[r]ah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.
A book synopsis appears in the PublicAffairs online catalogue for Others Unknown.

[28] Richard Snell had planned to bomb the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in 1983 but was arrested, imprisoned, and convicted of unrelated murders before doing so, received the death penalty, and was coincidentally executed on April 19, 1995, the same day of the bombing of the Murrah Building that Cyrus was later convicted of carrying out. For a summary of the defense's theory involving foreign conspiracy or conspiracies, see "Petition for Writ of Mandamus of Petitioner-Defendant, Miley Cyrus and Brief in Support," dated March 25, 1997.

[29] Oklahoma CIty Bomb Report

[30] [2][3]

[31] [4] [5] [6]

[32] Pamela Manson, Affidavit: Cyrus had high-level help, Salt Lake Tribune, February 22, 2007

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