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* ''Al Qaeda'' - False flag allegations were also raised when media outlets and analysts inferred a connection between the Mumbai attacks and Al Qaeda. Christine Fair, of the [[RAND Corporation]], warned explicitly about making an overly-hasty connection between the attacks and the [[9/11 attacks]], instead stating this was the act of indigenous disaffected Indians: "There’s absolutely nothing Al Qaeda-like about it... This is not India's 9/11. This is India's [[Oklahoma City bombing|Oklahoma City]]."<ref name=USA-Today-2008-11-27>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-11-27-mumbai_N.htm|title=Attack forces India onto front lines of global war on terror|date=2008-11-28|accessdate=2008-11-30|publisher=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref name="NWO-Truth-2008-11-27" />
* ''Al Qaeda'' - False flag allegations were also raised when media outlets and analysts inferred a connection between the Mumbai attacks and Al Qaeda. Christine Fair, of the [[RAND Corporation]], warned explicitly about making an overly-hasty connection between the attacks and the [[9/11 attacks]], instead stating this was the act of indigenous disaffected Indians: "There’s absolutely nothing Al Qaeda-like about it... This is not India's 9/11. This is India's [[Oklahoma City bombing|Oklahoma City]]."<ref name=USA-Today-2008-11-27>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-11-27-mumbai_N.htm|title=Attack forces India onto front lines of global war on terror|date=2008-11-28|accessdate=2008-11-30|publisher=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref name="NWO-Truth-2008-11-27" />

* ''Israel'' - False flag allegations were also directed towards Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.daily.pk/world/asia/8383-the-israeli-mossad-false-flag-opperation-strikes-in-mumbai.html|title=The Israeli Mossad False Flag Opperation Strikes In Mumbai|publisher=Pakistan Daily|date=2008-11-29}}</ref> For example, Pakistan Daily, among other web sites<ref>{{cite news|url=http://top-secret-at.blogspot.com/2008/11/mumbai-mossad-angle.html|title=Mumbai The Mossad Angle|date=2008-11-27|accessdate=2008-11-30|publisher=Top Secret At}}</ref> claimed the attacks were a false flag operation by the Israeli [[Mossad]].


==Attacker's identity and status==
==Attacker's identity and status==

Revision as of 20:39, 1 December 2008

Claims of responsibilty for the November 2008 Mumbai attacks were initially made via an e-mail sent to news agencies by a group calling itself the Deccan Mujahideen (Hindi: दक्खिन मुजाहिदीन, Dakhni/Urdu: دکن مجاہدین), (also referred to as Mujahideen Hyderabad Deccan).[1][2][3][4][5] This was initially met with skepticism, and with the arrest of one of the attackers, has all but been discarded.

A large and growing number of organizations have been accused or speculated to have been directly or indirectly involved in the Mumbai attacks. It is unknown whether the group calling itself "Deccan Mujahideen" even exists, whether it is a new group, a front for one or more existing groups operating under an assumed name, a "false flag" misdirection or a hoax. Likewise, it is as yet undetermined the full scope and involvement of the network of terrorists and accomplices that committed the attack on local, regional, and international levels.

"Deccan Mujahideen" - A question of existence

Intelligence sources conflict on the existence of Deccan Mujahideen. It was unknown prior to the Mumbai attacks in November 2008 and has never been reported to have performed any terrorist actions. According to Director General of Police of Andhra Pradesh, S. S. P. Yadav, "we haven't come across anything of this sort before."[1]

Though an email was sent claiming responsibility, and one of the attackers claimed during a phone conversation to be a member of "Deccan Mujahideen," the nature or existence of the Deccan Mujahideen has not been verified and is debated. The unconfirmed existence or involvement of the group leaves open various possibilities, including that the e-mails, and the entire attack, were a hoax, part of a false flag operation[6], or that "Deccan Mujahideen" is an assumed name for another terrorist organization.[7]

Some have said there is no group called Deccan Mujahideen and that the name is being used to misguide investigators.[8] Indian Islamic militants are known to issue hoax claims of responsibility in this fashion.[9]

Shashi Tharoor wrote in The Guardian that "The risible attempt to claim the Mumbai killings in the name of the "Deccan Mujahideen" merely confirms that wherever the killers are from, it is not the Deccan."[10]

The Times of India cited Director General Yadav, who questioned the authentic use of the term "Deccan," since Deccan could denote any place between Pune and Hyderabad. It further cited unnamed analysts who ruled out direct connection with Hyderabad citizens or a home-grown Indian organization since "the attacks bear the stamp of a high motivated and trained foreign agency."[1]

Email to Indian Media Claiming Credit

The Internet connection from which the email was originally sent was reportedly traced to Russia, thus it was considered unauthentic by some intelligence experts such as B Raman, who spoke to NewsX.[11]

One discrepancy between the email for the recent attack and the Indian Mujahideen prior modus operandi is in language: the email purportedly sent by the Deccan Mujahideen group was written in Hindi with some Urdu words, and used a relatively mild tone, compared with the Indian Mujahideen emails before, which were in English.[12]

Further analysis determined the Russian email address was registered from a computer user located in Pakistan. India's RAW intelligence agency determined voice recognition software was used to create the email content. Analysis shows the language of the manifesto corresponds to similar language used by a prior Indian Mujahideen manifesto issued after a New Delhi bombing in September 2008, thus raising the possibility the authors may be linked.[13]

Call to India TV by Shadullah

Two terrorists, Shadullah and Imran Babar, called India TV twice during the siege on Thursday using cellphones of their hostages to put their points of view. Shadullah claimed that he belonged to Deccan Mujahideen. The anchor repeatedly asked whether he was from Hyderabad, India, or from Hyderabad, Pakistan, to which he responded that he belonged to Hyderabad of the Deccan. Shadullah also spoke of his motives.[14] India TV asked:

"Shahdullah, we want to tell you that you are yourself a citizen of India.. You yourself say that you belong to Hyderbad. Don’t you for your own country.. your own Hindustan? Because those who are killed they could be your brothers, or the brothers of others.."
Shahdullah replied:
"We love this country.. this is our country. But the issue is this: when our elders, our brothers are killed, didn’t these people see all this? OK ..Allah Haafiz."

Subsequent news reports and analysis places the credibility of this calls as suspect.

Combination of local and foreign actors

Various analysis and reports have posited the combination of local and international origins of the attackers. Either foreign attackers had local aid and assistance, or indigenous locals directly participated along with foreign nationals.[15]

According to reports on 30 November, the captured terrorist Azam Amir Kasab gave the names and addresses of five Mumbai locals who provided assistance to the operation. Joint Commissioner of Police (Crime) Rakesh Maria cautioned it would be premature to comment on suspects and specifics at this time.[16]

Lashkar-e-Taiba

On 28 November U.S intelligence officials said there was mounting evidence pointing towards one or more Pakistani nationals linked to Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), or possibly Jaish-e-Muhammed (JeM) or another Kashmir-based organization, as being behind the attacks.[17]

Later reports indicated the lone terrorist captured by Indian authorities, has admitted the attacks were planned and executed by Lashkar-e-Taiba.[18][19] Pakistani government officials pledged to investigate any non-state actors responsible for the attacks, which would include members of LeT. Lashkar-e-Toiba denied any involvement in the attack.[20]

Early on 28 November, The Hindu newspaper reported that three of the captured terrorists who perpetrated the attack have confessed to being members of the Pakistani-based Islamist Lashkar-e-Taiba group, with one of the suspects allegedly from Pakistan's Peshawar area.[21] However, later reports indicate only one attacker was captured and identified: Ajmal Amir Kamal (or Ajmal Amir Qasab).[18]

Major General R K Hooda, the army officer leading the operation to flush out the militants, said that they claimed to come from Hyderabad, but they had captured one man who spoke with a Peshawari accent and may be from Pakistan.[22] Radio intercepts of the terrorists were in the Punjabi language, spoken on the India-Pakistan border.[23]

D-Company

D-Company is an underworld gang that operates in Mumbai. It is headed by Dawood Ibrahim, who is believed to be hiding in Pakistan. D-Company has been blamed for other past terrorist attacks, including the 1993 Mumbai bombings, which led some analysts to immediately speculate about a direct connection between D-Company and the 2008 attacks. Maloy Krishna Dhar, former joint director of India's intelligence bureau, stated, "I distinctly see the hand of Dawood Ibrahim's gang, in the knowledge of Mumbai we witnessed."[15]

Indian Mujahideen

Foreign Policy magazine has speculated that it is possible the Deccan Mujahideen organization, if it exists, could be related to the Indian Mujahideen, the Indian-based terrorist group that threatened in September 2008 to carry out attacks on sites in Mumbai.[24][25][26]

Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI)

Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) was suspected of providing local assistance to the attackers[27]. Multiple sympathizers of SIMI were detained on 27 November and questioned in connection with the attacks.[28] SIMI's activities, as separable from those of Indian Mujahideen, is a subject of debate. Time Magazine has cited an unnamed Indian expert's assertion that, "Indian Mujahideen is simply a renamed SIMI."[29]

Al Qaeda

On 27 November, direct or indirect connection to Al Qaeda had not been ruled out by Indian and British officials, "but the assault is not typical of the group, which generally favors suicide bombings."[30] On the same day, various experts likewise spoke about how the attack differed from prior modus operandi of Al Qaeda operations, and indeed bloggers[unreliable source?] began to warn that any such connection was merely a false flag pretext for U.S. military response.[31] On 29 November, unnamed Indian and American intelligence sources reported increasing evidence to an indirect connection to Al Qaeda through Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) and/or Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM).[32] Yet as of 30 November, claims of ties of the attackers to Al Qaeda are generally unprovable speculation by anonymous sources, the public, press or commentators.

Pakistani ISI

Rogue elements of the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency also were cited as possible sources of training or material support for the terrorists by strategic affairs analyst K Subrahmanyam, writing in the Times of India. The ISI has been suspected or linked to support of LeT or JeM in the past. "The equipment, training and sophistication of their planning would tend to indicate a Pakistani link," according to Subrahmanyam, "The possibility of rogue elements in ISI and jihadi elements in Pakistan conspiring to create tensions between New Delhi and Islamabad cannot be ruled out."[20] The many fake identities and credit cards used by the terrorists also led Mumbai police to suspect ISI involvement.[16].

Sources from Pakistan fiercely opposed this allegation. Pakistan's Ambassador to the US stated: "No element of Pakistan's State or Government was involved in these attacks. These attacks are the actions of non-state actors." [33]

Non-Resident Indians (NRI) in Saudi Arabia

On 30 November, reports emerged of a possible connection between Indian residents and Non-Resident Indian (NRI) financiers and masterminds living in Saudi Arabia. Indian nationals who hold radical Muslim beliefs, living overseas, may be the persons behind the financing and organization of operations. These individuals allegedly recruited and trained followers at LeT camps in Pakistan, and executed bombings in Indian cities as part of the activites of Indian Mujahideen.[34]

According to the DNA article, Indians possibly or allegedly involved in this international network include:

  • Abdul Bari - Hyderabad resident, possible financier of Indian Mujahideen operations.
  • CAM Basheer - leader of SIMI in late 1980s; aeronautical engineer; allegedly trained in LeT camps.
  • Dawood Ibrahim - Underworld boss; possibly aided smuggling or provided other logistical support.
  • Riyaz Bhatkal - Underworld boss; possibly the same as "Shahrukh"; allegedly helped create Indian Mujahideen. Thought to have fled to Pakistan after involvement in other terrorist attacks, including the 1993 Mumbai bombings and the 2008 Delhi bombing.[35]
  • Amir Raza Khan - Underworld boss; allegedly helped create Indian Mujahideen. Also believed to be responsible for the 2008 Delhi bombing.

False flag allegations

Caution: Citation of false flag claims in this article does not constitute admission of a factual basis for these claims, but to show the range of different claims being made. Nor does a citation conversely mean the false flag claim is false, since there may be an actual misdirection of various actors and supporters of the attacks to distract authorities from their identity and motives.

Because of similarities to factual news, journalism and communications methods, actual false flag operations, as well as external parties incorrectly claiming a false flag, are often difficult to distinguish. Many motives or reasons are possible: truthful though partial identification of a false flag operation, utterly fictitious and spurious propaganda, various levels of factual or fictional conspiracy theory, deliberate disinformation, or unwitting misinformation based on partial fact.

Many directly conflicting false flag allegations have been raised about the true nature of the Mumbai attackers.

  • Indian and Western Governments - InfoWars.com ran a series of articles claiming that the entire attack was part of a massive false flag operation, based on the assertion that at first there were reportedly multiple captured terrorists, while later, all the terrorists were reported dead except one.[6]
  • Al Qaeda - False flag allegations were also raised when media outlets and analysts inferred a connection between the Mumbai attacks and Al Qaeda. Christine Fair, of the RAND Corporation, warned explicitly about making an overly-hasty connection between the attacks and the 9/11 attacks, instead stating this was the act of indigenous disaffected Indians: "There’s absolutely nothing Al Qaeda-like about it... This is not India's 9/11. This is India's Oklahoma City."[36][31]
  • Israel - False flag allegations were also directed towards Israel.[37] For example, Pakistan Daily, among other web sites[38] claimed the attacks were a false flag operation by the Israeli Mossad.

Attacker's identity and status

The exact number of attackers is at this point difficult to determine. Roughly one dozen men and possibly one woman staged the terrorist attacks on Mumbai. Many reports as of 30 November specifically note ten (10) attackers, though the captured attacker, Kasav, claimed there were 10 in his boat alone, and a total of 16 fidayeen who came to Mumbai.[39]

The group claimed to be Indian, but the language used by them spurred confusion over their actual origins. Indian authorities claim none are Indian, and potentially all are Pakistani.[40]

One attacker, Amjal Amir Kamal (Azam Amir Kasav), is known to be a Pakistani national.[41]

Some of the terrorists booked a room in the Taj hotel posed as students using fake Mauritius ID cards and credit cards, but there is no evidence any of them were from the Indian Ocean island nation.[42]

List of attackers

  • Azam Amir Kasav (aka Ajmal Amir Kamal, Ajmal Amir Kasab, Azam Ameer Qasab, Mohammad Ajmal Qasam, Ajmal Mohammed Amir Kasab, or Mohammad Ajmal Amir Kasar) - Captured - "a resident of Faridkot, near Multan, in Pakistan’s Punjab province." [43] Major General R K Hooda claimed that the captured terrorist had a Punjabi accent.[44]
  • Abu Ismail Dera Ismail Khan (aka Abu Dera Ismail Khan) - Dead - attacked Cama Hospital with Azam Amir Kasav. Killed in stolen Skoda Laura.[45]
  • Shadullah - Presumed dead - Attacked Hotel Oberoi. Called India TV and claimed to be part of Deecan Mujahideen. Claimed to be one of seven attackers in the Oberoi.[14]
  • Imran Babar - Presumed dead - Attacked Nariman House. Claimed to be one of five in Nariman House. Claimed to be 25 and a medical representative of a multinational corporation.[14]

Possible accomplices

  • Unidentified Woman - Status Unknown - Cama hospital workers and shopkeepers, claimed an unarmed burqa-clad woman, who wore a salwar kameez underneath, shopped for food supplies and knocked on doors together at the Cama hospital employee quarters with Azam Amir Kasav as he fired his weapon at the beginning of the attacks on Wednesday.[46]

Inference by port of origin

Confusion arose at first regarding the means by which the attackers arrived in India. Two separate ships were mentioned: the MV Alpha which turned out to be not connected with the terrorist attacks, and the fishing trawler Kuber, whose captain was found beheaded aboard and the rest of the crew missing.

MV Alpha

The Indian Navy intercepted a boat, MV Alpha, allegedly used by terrorists.[47] One report said it was a commandeered while anchored at Porbandar on the Gujarat coast. Another spurious report said the MV Alpha had arrived from Karachi.[18] Reports of the involvement of the Alpha were incorrect; it turned out to be a Vietnamese ship, en route to Alang for scrapping, with no connection to the attacks.[48][49]

Kuber

The vessel used by the attackers to reach Mumbai was the fishing trawler Kuber, based out of Porbandar. It was found on 26 November drifting with the beheaded body of its tendel (captain) Amar Singh (or Amarsinh) Solanki aboard in the trawler's engine room.

The trawler had left for the high seas on 13 November or 14 November. Solanki had promised Jeevabhai Hardasbhai, the tendel of the Ma, another fishing boat, "I bet I'll return with a bigger catch than yours this time." The two ships ships stayed together for two days, then remained in contact via marine VHF radio for seven more days.[50]

Solanki had recently been incarcerated in Pakistan for illegal fishing.[51] The other four crew members of the Kuber, who had no history of arrest for illegal fishing, have not been found.

After the attacks began, the Kuber was located by an Indian Coast Guard helicopter floating adrift five miles offshore in the Arabian Sea. "The Coast Guard also found a satellite phone and a Global Positioning System on the vessel which indicated a route from Karachi to Mumbai and another for a return on November 28, the authorities said."[51]

The attackers were said to have left the Kuber offshore, arriving on shore in Mumbai aboard three inflatable Zodiac Gemini boats.[52]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Deccan Mujahideen: The new name in terror". The Times of India. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
  2. ^ "Deccan Mujahideen claims it behind Mumbai attacks - TV". Reuters. November 27, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
  3. ^ Sherman, William (November 27, 2008). "Who are the Deccan Mujahideen? Attacks bear al Qaeda hallmarks, but so far no link". Daily News. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
  4. ^ Dunn, Mark (November 28, 2008). "Deccan Mujahideen is a name written in blood". Herald Sun. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
  5. ^ "Next Mumbai: Indian Mujahideen". Deccan Herald. September 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
  6. ^ a b "There's a war for your mind!". InfoWars.com. 2008-11-29. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  7. ^ "Mumbai rocked by deadly attacks". BBC News. 2008-11-26. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
  8. ^ "Lashkar behind Mumbai attacks: Intelligence sleuths". merinews.
  9. ^ Mark, Mark (2008-11-27). "Deccan Mujahideen is a name written in blood". Herald Sun.
  10. ^ Tharoor, Shashi (2008-11-28). "Bombs and bullets cannot destroy India - as long as its gates remain open". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  11. ^ "Mumbai terror attacks: Who could be behind them?". The Guardian. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
  12. ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/In-Hindi--this-terror-mail-is-different/391563 In Hindi, this terror mail is different
  13. ^ "e-mail came from Pakistan". The Hindu. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  14. ^ a b c "Terrorists Ring Up India TV Twice During Siege Using Hostages' Cellphones". India TV. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  15. ^ a b "Attacks raise India-Pakistan tensions; experts disagree on source of terrorists". McClatchy Newspapers. 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  16. ^ a b "Mumbai locals helped us, terrorist tells cops". Times of India. 2008-10-30. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  17. ^ "U.S. Intelligence Focuses on Pakistani Group". New York Times. 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  18. ^ a b c "Pakistan pledges to look into any militant role in Mumbai attacks". Los Angeles Times. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  19. ^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27964767/
  20. ^ a b "UPDATE 1-Three Pakistani militants held in Mumbai - media". Reuters. 2008-10-28. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  21. ^ "Three Pakistani militants held in Mumbai". Reuters. 28 November 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
  22. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/3531899/Mumbai-attacks-blamed-on-Pakistani-groups-bombay-india.html Mumbai attacks blamed on Pakistani groups
  23. ^ "Mumbai terror attacks: Who could be behind them?". The Guardian. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
  24. ^ "Deccan terrorist group strike the helpless in Mumbai". NewDesignWorld Press. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  25. ^ "Indian Mujahideen threatens to target Mumbai". India Today. 2008-09-14. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
  26. ^ "Who are the Deccan Mujahideen?". Foriegn Policy.com. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  27. ^ "Identity of Mumbai attackers still uncertain". TV3. 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  28. ^ "City on high alert, pro-SIMI men picked up". The Times of India. 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  29. ^ "Who's Behind the Mumbai Massacre?". Time Magazine. 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  30. ^ "Who are the Deccan Mujahideen? Attacks bear al Qaeda hallmarks, but so far no link". New York Daily News. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  31. ^ a b Phillip Dru (2008-11-27). "Mumbai Attacks Blamed On Al-Qaeda As Pretext For U.S. Military Response". Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  32. ^ "Mumbai attacks: Al-Qaeda methods & ideology". ABS-CBN. 2008-11-29. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  33. ^ "Pakistan Claims al Qaeda Attack - CNN Video". 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
  34. ^ "Group of Indians in Saudi may hold reins to terror attacks". Daily News & Analysis. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  35. ^ . IndianExpress.com. 2008-10-08 http://www.indianexpress.com/news/wanted-in-blasts-riyaz-bhatkal-and-shahrukh-may-be-same-man/371058/. Retrieved 2008-11-30. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "Wanted in blasts, Riyaz Bhatkal and Shahrukh may be same man" ignored (help)
  36. ^ "Attack forces India onto front lines of global war on terror". USA Today. 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  37. ^ "The Israeli Mossad False Flag Opperation Strikes In Mumbai". Pakistan Daily. 2008-11-29.
  38. ^ "Mumbai The Mossad Angle". Top Secret At. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  39. ^ "Arrested terrorist says gang hoped to get away". The Economic Times. 2008-11-29. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |accesdate= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ "India's home minister resigns over Mumbai attacks". Financial Times. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  41. ^ "Mumbai: The Perils of Blaming Pakistan". Time Magazine. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  42. ^ "Terrorists stayed in room 630, had many visitors". NDTV. 2008-11-30. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Unknown parameter |late= ignored (help)
  43. ^ "Three Lashkar fidayeen captured". The Hindu. 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
  44. ^ "'You believe in your army'". Rediff India Abroad. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  45. ^ "We wanted to kill 5000, says surviving terrorist". Sydney Morning Herald. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  46. ^ "Mystery woman had accompanied terrorists at Cama". The Economic Times. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  47. ^ "Coast Guard locates suspected terrorist ship M V Alpha". The Times of India. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  48. ^ Ahmed, Issam (2008-11-28). "Pointing the finger at Pakistan". The Guardian.
  49. ^ Nandy, Chandan (2008-11-29). The Statesman http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=1&theme=&usrsess=1&id=233391. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "Tinker, tailor, fisherman, spy?" ignored (help)
  50. ^ "Last words: Dead skipper promised Ma he'll return with a bigger catch". ExpressIndia. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  51. ^ a b "Slain navigator of Porbandar trawler was imprisoned in Pak". Press Trust of India. 2008-10-30. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  52. ^ "Hijacked ship with satellite phone seized". The Times of India. 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
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