Jump to content

Telugu people: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Tag: possible conflict of interest
Line 137: Line 137:
==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat}}
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.teluguonline.net- Telugu Online(TOL)Global Telugu Community Portal]
*[http://www.thulika.net/index.html Translations of Telugu fiction and articles]
*[http://www.thulika.net/index.html Translations of Telugu fiction and articles]
*[http://www.telugu365.com Telugu365.com - Telugu news and sarticles]
*[http://www.telugu365.com Telugu365.com - Telugu news and sarticles]

Revision as of 23:50, 12 January 2011

Telugus
File:Pvnarshimarao.jpgFile:Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy.jpg
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan • Jiddu Krishnamurti • Neelam Sanjiva Reddy • N. T. Rama Rao • P. V. Narasimha Rao • Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy • N. Chandrababu Naidu • Jwala Gutta
Total population
75 million (2001 estimate)[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Malaysia350.000
 USA300,000
Languages
Telugu
Religion
Hinduism · Islam · Christianity · Buddhism · Judaism
Related ethnic groups
Dravidian · Brahui · Gondi · Kalinga · Kannadiga · Malayali · Tamilian · Tuluva

The Telugu people or Telugus (Telugu: తెలుగు ప్రజలు) are an ethnic group of India. They are the native speakers of the Telugu language, the most commonly spoken language in India after Hindi and Bengali. They are mostly native to Andra Pradesh, with significant populations in Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa.

Tamils, in their Sangam literature in the beginning of Christian era, called Telugu people Vadugu, Vadagu, Vadugar etc., meaning "northerners". Jayagondar’s work called Kalingattupparani used words like Telungaru and Vadugu to describe Telugus.[2]

History

Antiquity

The Andhras were nomads for several centuries. Some tribes migrated and others did not and remained in their older settlements. Apastamba Rishi states that around 700 BC some Andhra tribes inhabited the Salva Kingdom (Salva Desa) on the banks of the Yamuna River. Apastamba sutra has been widely practiced among Andhra Brahmin families and continues to be followed even today. A single Rishi was the teacher (acharya) of each tribe. Apastamba was one such teacher. Apastamba wrote these rules in Salva Desam on the banks of the Yamuna river. After Apastamba's death the Andhra tribes crossed the Vindhya mountains, reached the south, and merged with the other Andhra tribes. The Atreya Brahmana says that the Andhras lived on the south side of Vindhya Range along with the Pundras, Pulindas, Sabaras and Mootibas.

Some of those Andhras who came to the south of the Vindhya mountains settled in the regions north of present-day Hyderabad. Another tribe crossed the Eastern Ghats.

The Sanskrit epics mention the Andhra Kingdom, named for the Aryan tribe of the Andhras.[3][4] They are mentioned again at the time of the death of the great Mauryan King Ashoka in 232 BC. This date has been considered to be the beginning of the Andhra historical record. Various dynasties have ruled the area, including the Andhra (or Satavahana), Shakas, Ikshvakus, Eastern Chalukyas, the Vijayanagar Kingdom, the Qutb Shahis of Golconda, and the Nizams (princes) of Hyderābād.[5]

The term Kalinga, has been historically relevant to this region, incorporating north-east Andhra Pradesh and modern day Orissa. People from the Kalinga region were responsible for colonizing Sri Lanka, spreading Buddhism and are ancestors to a large portion of the Sinhalese population.

Andhras and Kalingas supported the Kauravas during the Mahabharata war. Sahadeva defeated the kingdoms of Pandya, Dravida, Odra, Chera, Andhra, and Kalinga while performing the Rajasuya yajna. Chanoora was killed by Krishna in Mathura. Hari Vamsa Purana corroborates the fact that Chanoora was the king of Karoosa Desa (to the North of the Vindhyas and on the North Bank of the Yamuna river) and was an Andhra. Buddhist references to Andhras are also found.[6]

The Jataka Tales were written during 200-250 BC. The Tel river is a Tributary of the Mahanadi in Orissa. The tribe in this region were called Kalingas. The books cited above describe the Andhras and Kalingas as two different branches of a single tribe. Sometimes these two words (Andhras and Kalingas) are used as synonyms.

Andhra tribes established relationships with Naga, Yaksha, and Dravida tribes of the Vindhya mountains who were already living there. A tribe called Tailang in Burma is proposed to be related to Telugu people.[1]

Satavahanas

The first great Andhra empire was that of the Satavahanas,[7] who came to power when the last Kanva emperor Sisuman, was assassinated by his prime minister Sipraca, of the Andhra tribe. They reigned for 450 years and the last was Puliman or Puloma the pious, who after conquering India put an end to his life by drowning himself in the holy waters of the Ganges river, after the example of his grandfather. Because of this king, India was called Poulomeun-koue, the country of Puliman by the Chinese. While in the west the inhabitants of the Gangetic provinces were denominated Andhra Hindus[citation needed]. The Satavahana rulers are said to have been held in the highest veneration all over India[citation needed]; and their fame was extended to the Malay Archipelago, the Maharajas of India being a favorite subject of Malayan poetry.[8]

Language

Main article: Telugu language

Telugu is a Dravidian language Early inscriptions date from 400 BC and literary texts from the 11th century, written in a Telugu script adapted from the Bhattiprolu script of the early inscriptions.

Culture

File:Kakateeya Sculpture.jpg
Kakateeya Sculpture at Warangal

Literature

Main article: Telugu literature
  • Padya Sahithyam and Gadya Sahithyam
  • Bhagavatam by Sri Bammera Pothana
  • Ramayanam by Rayana Baskara
  • Ramayanam by Kummari Molla
  • Maha Bharatam by KaviTrayam (Nannaya, Yerrapragada and Tikkana)
  • Sataka Sahityam by Vemana, Baddena, Marana Venkana, Yenugu Lakshmana Kavi, Dhoorjati, Kavi Coudappa and Bhakta Ramdas
  • Telugu Chatu Padhyalu
  • Tenali Ramalinga Kavi
  • Kavi Sarvabhouma Srinathudu
  • Telugu Vaggeya Karulu
  • Annamayya
  • Tyagaraju
  • Kshetrayya

Food

Some common Telugu foods are:

  1. Paravannam
  2. Aavakaaya Pachadi
  3. Maagaya Pachadi
  4. Chintakaya Pachadi
  5. Gongoora pachchadi
  6. Korivi Karam
  7. Vankaya Kura
  8. Pootha Rekulu
  9. Madata Kajalu
  10. Gor Meetilu
  11. Ariselu
  12. Boorelu
  13. Gaarelu/vadaalu
  14. Bobbatlu (bhakshaalu in Rayalaseema)
  15. Jentikalu
  16. Chakkilaalu
  17. Ulava Chaaru
  18. Pacchi Pulusu
  19. Bommidaila Pulusu
  20. Vadiyalu
  21. Attu
  22. Pappu
  23. Rasamu
  24. Charu
  25. Sambaru
  26. Pulihora
  27. poleelu
  28. payasamu
  29. maamidi kaaya thokku
  30. murukulu
  31. pappucharu
  32. appachi
  33. chakkarapongalu
  34. dadojanam
  35. arisalu
  36. garelu

Traditional dress

Uma Muralikrishna, a Kuchipudi dancer performing at IIM Bangalore
  • Male
  1. Uttareeyam or Pai Pancha (Angavastram or veil)
  2. Pancha (Dhoti)
  3. Jubba (Kurta) The top portion
  4. Lungi (Casual or Worker dress)
  • Women
  1. Cheera (Sari)
  • Girls
  1. Langa Oni (Half sari)
  2. Langa (Full skirt with separate blouse)

See also

References

  1. ^ Top 30 languages
  2. ^ "Andhra-Telangana".
  3. ^ "Andhra Pradesh".
  4. ^ "Andhra Pradesh: basic info".
  5. ^ http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761580539/Andhra_Pradesh.html
  6. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=wRAhAAAAMAAJ&q=andhra+race&dq=andhra+race&lr=&pgis=1
  7. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=Sae4q93tSGkC&q=andhra+race&dq=andhra+race&lr=&pgis=1
  8. ^ Josiah Conder, The Modern Traveller: A Popular Description, Geographical, Historical, and ... v. I, India, (1828), p.139
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Telugu people.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telugu_people&oldid=407563769"