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In 2005, Koch's Flint Hills Resources refinery was recognized by the [[Environmental Protection Agency]]'s Clean Air Awards program for reducing air emissions by 50 percent while expanding operations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Flint Hills is coming out of murky waters |author=Jessica Harper |newspaper=Dakota County Tribune |date=18 November 2009 |url=http://www.thisweeklive.com/2009/11/18/flint-hills-is-coming-out-of-murky-waters/ }}</ref> The EPA has worked with Flint Hills Resources to develop "strategies for curtailing so-called 'upset' emissions, in what agency and company sources say could lead to guidance to minimize such emissions from petroleum refineries and other industrial facilities."<ref>{{cite web|title=Inside EPA's Clean Air Report|url=http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:7eiXKq7LLHkJ:www.flinthillsresources.info/upload/InsideEPA9-09Pactwithoil.pdf+Flint+Hills+Resources+epa&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjlfx6q_Ri64N7NdqA3rho-Amf6W1nzG7_PkmPqn7Z9eJiGxEsQN9ph1qqI7EjuAUdIwNaS1l1voou3gXceHm_zhgBmQidSNdEp44PfgvYdxXP_u1PTXKeTbv4SM4bGwfZZ_7S2&sig=AHIEtbQgO5KZzY5H1tGz7XGieXnNJakdqQ|work=InsideEPA|accessdate=23 April 2011}}</ref> The EPA described the process as a "model for other companies."<ref>{{cite web|title=Flint Hills Resources, LP Agrees to Transition Its Texas Flexible Permits to Federally Approved Clean Air Act Permits - Transition affects facilities in Corpus Christi, Port Arthur and Longview|url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/6F25BD791C4B21CB852577C400552339|work=EPA|accessdate=27 April 2011}}</ref>
In 2005, Koch's Flint Hills Resources refinery was recognized by the [[Environmental Protection Agency]]'s Clean Air Awards program for reducing air emissions by 50 percent while expanding operations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Flint Hills is coming out of murky waters |author=Jessica Harper |newspaper=Dakota County Tribune |date=18 November 2009 |url=http://www.thisweeklive.com/2009/11/18/flint-hills-is-coming-out-of-murky-waters/ }}</ref> The EPA has worked with Flint Hills Resources to develop "strategies for curtailing so-called 'upset' emissions, in what agency and company sources say could lead to guidance to minimize such emissions from petroleum refineries and other industrial facilities."<ref>{{cite web|title=Inside EPA's Clean Air Report|url=http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:7eiXKq7LLHkJ:www.flinthillsresources.info/upload/InsideEPA9-09Pactwithoil.pdf+Flint+Hills+Resources+epa&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjlfx6q_Ri64N7NdqA3rho-Amf6W1nzG7_PkmPqn7Z9eJiGxEsQN9ph1qqI7EjuAUdIwNaS1l1voou3gXceHm_zhgBmQidSNdEp44PfgvYdxXP_u1PTXKeTbv4SM4bGwfZZ_7S2&sig=AHIEtbQgO5KZzY5H1tGz7XGieXnNJakdqQ|work=InsideEPA|accessdate=23 April 2011}}</ref> The EPA described the process as a "model for other companies."<ref>{{cite web|title=Flint Hills Resources, LP Agrees to Transition Its Texas Flexible Permits to Federally Approved Clean Air Act Permits - Transition affects facilities in Corpus Christi, Port Arthur and Longview|url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/6F25BD791C4B21CB852577C400552339|work=EPA|accessdate=27 April 2011}}</ref>


In 2011, the [[American Red Cross]] awarded Koch Industries with a Corporate Excellence Award for its long-standing commitment to the humanitarian mission of Red Cross. Since the mid-1970s, Koch Industries has contributed more than $2 million to the American Red Cross for domestic and international disaster relief, family services programs and capital campaigns. In addition, the company has sponsored on-site employee blood drives for more than 35 years and supported the organization locally through a presence on the board of directors for more than 10 years. In March 2011, Koch Industries donated $500,000 to support Red Cross earthquake and tsunami relief efforts in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Heck|first=Josh|title=Red Cross Recognizes three fundraisers|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/wichita/news/2011/05/18/red-cross-recognizes-three-fundraisers.html|work=Wichita Business Journal|publisher=Wichita Business Journal|accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref>

Read more: Red Cross recognizes three fundraisers | Wichita Business Journal
Koch's Matador Ranch in Texas earned the Lone Star Land Steward award for outstanding natural resource management in 2010.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Lone Star Land Steward Awards Winners Announced |url=http://archive.tpwd.state.tx.us/newsmedia/releases/text.phtml?req=20100506 |publisher=Texas Parks & Wildlife |date=6 May 2010 |accessdate=2010-06-14}}</ref> The Montana ranch has earned several environmental stewardship awards, including the EPA Regional Administrator's award.<ref>{{cite press release |title=EPA Honors Koch Ranch for Environmental Excellence; Award is Ranch's Fourth Major Environmental Honor in 1999 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1999_June_7/ai_54811290/ |publisher=Koch Industries |date=7 June 1999 |accessdate=2010-06-14}}</ref>
Koch's Matador Ranch in Texas earned the Lone Star Land Steward award for outstanding natural resource management in 2010.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Lone Star Land Steward Awards Winners Announced |url=http://archive.tpwd.state.tx.us/newsmedia/releases/text.phtml?req=20100506 |publisher=Texas Parks & Wildlife |date=6 May 2010 |accessdate=2010-06-14}}</ref> The Montana ranch has earned several environmental stewardship awards, including the EPA Regional Administrator's award.<ref>{{cite press release |title=EPA Honors Koch Ranch for Environmental Excellence; Award is Ranch's Fourth Major Environmental Honor in 1999 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1999_June_7/ai_54811290/ |publisher=Koch Industries |date=7 June 1999 |accessdate=2010-06-14}}</ref>


Revision as of 18:42, 19 May 2011

Koch Industries, Inc.
Company typePrivate
IndustryConglomerate
Founded1940
HeadquartersWichita, Kansas, USA
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Charles G. Koch (Chairman, CEO, & 42% owner)
David H. Koch (Executive VP, & 42% owner)
ProductsPetroleum
Chemicals
Energy
Asphalt
Natural gas
Plastics
Fibers
Minerals
Fertilizers
Ranching
Pulp and paper
Finance
Commodities trading[1]
RevenueIncreaseUS$100 billion (2009)[2]
Number of employees
70,000 (2009)[1]
WebsiteKochind.com

Koch Industries, Inc. (/ˈkoʊk/) is an American private energy conglomerate based in Wichita, Kansas, with subsidiaries involved in manufacturing, trading and investments. Koch also owns Invista, Georgia-Pacific, Flint Hills Resources, Koch Pipeline, Koch Fertilizer, Koch Minerals and Matador Cattle Company. The firm employs 50,000 people in the United States and another 20,000 in 59 other countries.[3]

Koch companies are involved in core industries such as the manufacturing, refining and distribution[1] of petroleum, chemicals, energy, fiber, intermediates and polymers, minerals, fertilizers, pulp and paper, chemical technology equipment, ranching,[4] finance, commodities trading, as well as other ventures and investments.

According to the TransCanada website, the Keystone XL pipeline project will travel from Koch's Hardisty terminal in Alberta, Canada through Montana to the Koch Minnesota refinery, then proceed to Koch's Oklahoma Refinery, then Koch's Texas Refinery, and finally Port Authur, Texas on the Gulf of Mexico. Some fear that Koch's petrochemical operations, refining capacity and pipeline infrastructure coupled with this pipeline could create potential for monopoly in the petrochemical industry, supply constriction, and economic hegemony over the heartland of the U.S. The Keystone pipeline is a 36 in. diameter major pipeline capable of connecting an unknown number of reserves, suppliers, refiners, and purchasers of petrochmeicals, crude, and fuels. Flint Hills Resources, a fully owned Koch subsidiary, operates a refinery in Minnesota which can process 320,000 barrels of crude a day, most of which comes from Alberta. This one refinery handles one quarter of all oil sands crude entering the U.S. from Canada, from the Hardisty terminal in Alberta. [5]

In 2008, Forbes called it the second largest privately held company in the United States (after Cargill) with an annual revenue of about $98 billion,[6][7][8] down from the largest in 2006. If Koch Industries were a public company in 2007, it would rank about 16 in the Fortune 500.[9]

Fred C. Koch, for whom Koch Industries, Inc. is named, co-founded the company in 1940 and developed an innovative crude oil refining process.[10] His sons, Charles G. Koch, chairman of the board and chief executive officer, and David H. Koch, executive vice president, are principal owners of the company after they bought out their brothers, Frederick and William, for $1.1 billion in 1983.[11] Charles and David H. Koch each own 42% of Koch Industries, and Charles has stated that the company will publicly offer shares "literally over my dead body".[6]

History

Predecessor companies

In 1925, Fred C. Koch joined an MIT classmate Lewis E. Winkler at an engineering firm in Wichita, Kansas, which was renamed the Winkler-Koch Engineering Company. In 1927 they copied a more efficient thermal cracking process for turning crude oil into gasoline. This threatened the competitive advantage of established oil companies, which sued for patent infringement and won. Temporarily forced out of business in the United States, they turned to the Soviet Union, where Winkler-Koch built 15 cracking units between 1929 and 1932. During this time, Koch came to despise communism and Josef Stalin's regime.[12][13]However, Koch became very wealthy from these activities. In his 1960 book, A Business Man Looks at Communism, Koch wrote that he found the USSR to be "a land of hunger, misery, and terror."[14] According to Charles G. Koch, "Virtually every engineer he worked with [there] was purged."[13]

In 1940, Koch joined new partners to create a new firm, the Wood River Oil and Refining Company, which is today known as Koch Industries. In 1946 the firm acquired the Rock Island refinery and crude oil gathering system near Duncan, Oklahoma. Wood River was later renamed the Rock Island Oil & Refining Company.[15] Charles G. Koch joined Rock Island in 1961, having started his career at the management consulting firm Arthur D. Little. He became president in 1966 and chairman at age 32, upon his father's death the following year.[10][16]

Koch Industries

The company was renamed Koch Industries in honor of Fred Koch, the year after his death. At that time, it was primarily an engineering firm with part interest in a Minnesota refinery, a crude oil-gathering system in Oklahoma,[13] and some cattle ranches.[17] In 1968, Charles approached Union Oil of California about buying their interest in Great Northern Oil Company and its Pine Bend Refinery but the discussions quickly stalled after Union asked for a large premium.[12] In 1969, Union Oil began trying to market their interest in Great Northern by telling potential buyers that Koch's controlling interest could be thwarted by currying favor with another owner, J. Howard Marshall II. When Marshall discovered this he threw his lot in with Koch, they together acquired a majority interest in the company and ultimately bought Union's interest.[15] Ownership of Pine Bend refinery led to several new businesses and capabilities, including chemicals, fibers, polymers, asphalt and other commodities such as petroleum coke and sulfur. These were followed by global commodity trading, gas liquids processing, real estate, pulp and paper, risk management and finance.[12]

In 1970, Charles was joined at the family firm by his brother David H. Koch. Having started as a technical services manager, David became president of Koch Engineering in 1979.[12]

Subsidiaries

Among Koch Industries' subsidiaries across various industries[18] are:

  • Georgia-Pacific paper and pulp company, maker of "Brawny" paper towels, "Angel Soft" toilet paper, "Mardi Gras" napkins and towels, "Quilted Northern" toilet paper and paper towels, "Dixie" paper plates, bowls, napkins and cups, "Sparkle" paper towels, and "Vanity Fair" paper napkins, bowls, plates and tablecloths. The Atlanta-based company has operations in 27 states.[19]
  • Invista, a polymer and fibers company that makes "Stainmaster" carpet, and "Lycra" fiber, among other products.
  • Koch Pipeline Company LP, which owns and operates 4,000 miles of pipeline used to transport oil, natural gas liquids and chemicals. Its pipelines are located across Wisconsin, Minnesota, Texas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Alberta, Canada. The firm operates offices in Wichita, Kansas, St. Paul, Minnesota and Corpus Christi, Texas.
  • Flint Hill Resources LP, is a major refining and chemicals company based in Wichita, Kansas. It sells products such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, ethanol, polymers, intermediate chemicals, base oils and asphalt. It operates oil refineries in six states. Flint Hill has chemical plants in Illinois, Texas and Michigan. The firm is also a major manufacturer of asphalt used for paving and roofing applications. It operates 13 asphalt terminals located in six states including Alaska (2 terminals), Wisconsin (2), Iowa (3), Minnesota (4), Nebraska (1), and North Dakota(1).[20] The firm manages the purchasing of domestic crude oil from Texas and Colorado offices, has four ethanol plants across Iowa, operates three refineries in Alaska, Texas, and Minnesota, and has a refinery terminal in Alaska. It also operates fuel terminals in Wisconsin (4 locations), Texas (6), and one each in Iowa and Minnesota.[21]
  • Koch Fertilizer, LLC, which is one of the world’s largest makers of nitrogen fertilizers.[22] Koch Fertilizer owns or has interests in fertilizer plants the United States, Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, and Italy, among others.[23][24] In October 2010, a plant in Venezuela was nationalized by the government.[25]
  • Koch Agricultural Company's Matador Cattle Company division operates three ranches totaling 425,000 acres located in Beaverhead, Montana, Matador, Texas and the Flint Hills of eastern Kansas. There are more than 15,000 head of cattle raised on the ranches.[26]

Environmental and safety record

Pipeline accidents

Koch Industries was fined $35 million for an alleged 300 pipeline spills in six states from 1990 to 1997, adding up to 3 million gallons of oil. The US Government had originally proposed fining Koch $71 million to $214 million in penalties for violations of the Clean Water Act by those spills.[27]

Koch's Sterling butane pipeline had a leak in Lively, Texas, on August 24, 1996. Two teenagers on the way to report the leak drove into the unseen butane cloud, and were killed when the gas exploded and burned. The National Transportation Safety Board concluded that severe external pipeline corrosion was the cause of the failure, and recommended to Koch to improve corrosion evaluation procedures. Although Koch distributed pamphlets about safety around the pipelines, they failed to maintain an up-to-date mailing list. Only 5 out of 45 residences in the area of the accident had received pamphlets. The families of the dead had not.[28][29]

In a statement released in 2010, Koch Industries responded to the criticisms in Jane Mayer's article in the New Yorker, "“Covert Operations: The Billionaire Brothers Who are Waging a War Against Obama,”

The August, 1996 pipeline accident in Texas was a tragedy. Koch accepted responsibility immediately for the incident, which is the only event of its kind in the company’s history. The thorough review conducted of this pipeline the year before the accident did not uncover any issues that posed a foreseeable threat to public safety. The bacteria-induced corrosion that caused the accident acted more quickly to damage this pipeline than had ever been documented by any industry expert. Koch’s cooperative efforts to identify the source and cause of this problem so that this knowledge could be shared throughout industry were praised by the National Transportation Safety Board, which did a two-year investigation into this incident.[30]

Pollution and resource fines

In March 1999, Koch Petroleum Group, a Koch Industries subsidiary, pled guilty to charges that it had negligently dumped hundreds of thousands of gallons of aviation fuel into wetlands near the Mississippi River from its refinery in Rosemount, Minnesota, and that it had also illegally dumped a million gallons of high-ammonia wastewater onto the ground and into the Mississippi River. Koch Petroleum paid the Dakota County Park System a $6 million fine and $2 million in remediation costs, and was ordered to serve three years of probation.[31]

In 1999, a federal jury found that Koch Industries had stolen oil from government and American Indian lands, had lied about its purchases more than 24,000 times, and was fined $553,504.[32]

In January 2000, a Koch Industries subsidiary, Koch Pipeline, agreed to a $35 million settlement with the U.S. Justice Department and the State of Texas. This settlement, including a $30 million civil fine, was incurred for the firm's three hundred oil spills in Texas and five other states going back to 1990.[33][34][35] The spills resulted in more than three million gallons of crude oil leaking into ponds, lakes, streams and coastal waters.[36]

In 2001, the company reached two settlements with the government. In April, the company reached a $20 million settlement in exchange for admitting to covering up environmental violations at its refinery in Corpus Christi, Texas.[37][38] That May, Koch Industries paid $25 million to the federal government to settle a federal lawsuit that found the company had improperly taken more oil than it had paid for from federal and Indian land.[39][40]

In June 2003, the US Commerce Department fined Koch Industries subsidiary Flint Hill Resources a $200,000 civil penalty. The fine settled charges that the company exported crude petroleum from the US to Canada without proper US government authorization. The Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security said from July 1997 to March 1999, Koch Petroleum (later called Flint Hill Resources) committed 40 violations of Export Administration Regulations.[41]

In 2006, Koch Industries’ subsidiary Flint Hill Resources was fined nearly $16,000 by the EPA for 10 separate violations of the Clean Air Act at its Alaska oil refinery facilities, and required to spend another $60,000 on safety equipment needed to help prevent future violations.[42]

In 2007, Koch Nitrogen's plant in Enid, Oklahoma, was listed as the third highest company releasing toxic chemicals in Oklahoma, according to the EPA, ranking behind Perma-Fix Environmental Services in Tulsa and Weyerhaeuser Co. in Valliant.[43] The facility produces about 10% of the US national production of anhydrous ammonia, as well as urea and UAN.[44]

In 2010, Koch Industries was ranked 10th on the list of top US corporate air polluters, the “Toxic 100 Air Polluters,” by the Political Economic Research Institute at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.[45]

Awards and certifications

Koch Industries' headquarters in Wichita has been certified for meeting the Energy Star standards for superior energy efficiency and environmental protection. As of 2010 it is the only Wichita office building to be so recognized.[46][47] A Tulsa, Oklahoma site of the Koch-owned John Zink Company site was part of the EPA's National Environmental Performance Track program from 2003 until 2009 when the program was suspended.[48][49]

In 2005, Koch's Flint Hills Resources refinery was recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Awards program for reducing air emissions by 50 percent while expanding operations.[50] The EPA has worked with Flint Hills Resources to develop "strategies for curtailing so-called 'upset' emissions, in what agency and company sources say could lead to guidance to minimize such emissions from petroleum refineries and other industrial facilities."[51] The EPA described the process as a "model for other companies."[52]

In 2011, the American Red Cross awarded Koch Industries with a Corporate Excellence Award for its long-standing commitment to the humanitarian mission of Red Cross. Since the mid-1970s, Koch Industries has contributed more than $2 million to the American Red Cross for domestic and international disaster relief, family services programs and capital campaigns. In addition, the company has sponsored on-site employee blood drives for more than 35 years and supported the organization locally through a presence on the board of directors for more than 10 years. In March 2011, Koch Industries donated $500,000 to support Red Cross earthquake and tsunami relief efforts in Japan.[53]

Read more: Red Cross recognizes three fundraisers | Wichita Business Journal Koch's Matador Ranch in Texas earned the Lone Star Land Steward award for outstanding natural resource management in 2010.[54] The Montana ranch has earned several environmental stewardship awards, including the EPA Regional Administrator's award.[55]


According to their website, Koch Industries and its subsidiaries have received 289 awards over the past two years, including the following.[56]

2011 awards

Flint Hills Resources

  • Voluntary Protection Programs STAR certification (multiple)
2010 awards

Flint Hills Resources

  • 2010 World’s Most Ethical Companies, Ethisphere Institute
  • Operator Award, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
  • Perfect Record Award and Occupational Excellence Achievement Award, National Safety Council (multiple awards)

Koch Industries, Inc.

  • Energy Star recertification, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Wichita, Kan.

Koch Chemical Technology Group

  • VPP Star of Excellence, OSHA Region VI (multiple awards)
  • Water Technology Company of the Year, International Desalination Assn.; Koch Membrane Systems

Koch Pipeline Company

  • Incident Rate Award, Iowa-Illinois Safety Council
  • Outstanding Achievement Award and Certificate of Excellence, Wisconsin Safety Council

Matador Ranch

  • Outstanding Rangeland Stewardship Award, The Texas Section Society for Range Management (TSSRM) and the Texas & Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association (TSCRA)

Legal activity

In May 2011, a Utah judge dismissed a Koch Industries lawsuit alleging that Youth For Climate Truth, in releasing a fake Koch Industries press release, had infringed on Koch Industries' trademark.[57]

Political activity

See also: Political activities of the Koch family

Koch Industries sponsors various free market foundations and causes, listing Americans for Prosperity and Americans for Prosperity Foundation on its site.[58][failed verification] The Center for Responsive Politics has said that many of Koch Industries' contributions have gone toward achieving legislation on energy issues, defense appropriations and financial regulatory reform.[59]

From 2005 to 2008, Koch industries spent $5.7 million on political campaigns and $37 million on direct lobbying to support fossil fuel industries.[citation needed] In 2007 Koch Industries became among the first oil firms that lobbied against a national standard for low carbon fuel standard in 2007.[5]

Greenpeace says that between 1997 and 2008 Koch Industries donated nearly $48 million to groups which doubt or oppose the theory of anthropogenic global warming.[60] [61]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Koch Industries Welcomes 2009 Leadership Kansas Class
  2. ^ Forbes Magazine Profile for America's Top 100 Private Companies
  3. ^ Continetti, Matthew (April 4, 2011). "The Paranoid Style in Liberal Politics". The Weekly Standard.
  4. ^ Koch Industries, Inc - Industry Areas
  5. ^ a b Dembicki, Geoff (March 22, 2011). "The Kochs: Oil Sands Billionaires Bankrolling US Right". The Tyee. Vancouver, B.C.
  6. ^ a b Fisher, Daniel (Mar. 13, 2006). "Mr. Big", pp. 24–26. Forbes. Online summary for calendar year 2005 at [1].
  7. ^ Forbes - America's Largest Private Companies
  8. ^ http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/28/largest-private-companies-business-private-companies-09_land.html Forbes rankings for 2009
  9. ^ "The Principled Entrepreneur". The American. July–August 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  10. ^ a b "Summary of Koch Industries History". sec.gov. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 14 November 2005. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  11. ^ The Top 10 Forbes Asia October 19, 2009
  12. ^ a b c d Koch, Charles C. (2007). The Science of Success: How Market-Based Management Built the World's Largest Private Company. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-470-13988-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  13. ^ a b c Daniel Fisher (13 March 2006). "Mr. Big". Forbes.
  14. ^ Koch, Fred C. (1960). A Business Man Looks at Communism. Wichita, Kansas. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ a b J. Howard, Marshall II (1994). Done in Oil: An Autobiography. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. p. 254. ISBN 0890965331. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  16. ^ Bruce Upbin; Brandon Copple (14 December 1998). "Creative destruction 101". Forbes.
  17. ^ John, Lincoln (1989). Rich Grass and Sweet Water. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-387-8.
  18. ^ Koch Industries website, http://www.kochind.com/IndustryAreas/default.asp, accessed Aug 25 2010,
  19. ^ Georgia Pacific website, accessed March 11, 2011, http://www.gp.com/facilitydirectory/index.html
  20. ^ Flint Hill Resources website, accessed March 11, 2011, https://www.fhrasphalt.com/Default.aspx
  21. ^ Koch Industries website, accessed March 11, 2011, http://www.fhr.com/newsroom/contact.aspx?ID=9
  22. ^ Koch Fertilzer website, accessed March 11, 2011, http://www.kochfertilizer.com/
  23. ^ Yasha Levine (1 September 2010). "7 Ways the Koch Bros. Benefit from Corporate Welfare". The New York Observer.
  24. ^ "Fertilizers".
  25. ^ "Koch Industries says no word on Venezuela takeover". Reuters. 11 October 2010.
  26. ^ Koch Industries website, accessed March 11, 2011, http://www.kochind.com/IndustryAreas/ranching.aspx
  27. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t7McAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PH4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6644,3759242&dq=the+pipeline+safety+trust&hl=en
  28. ^ Pipeline Rupture, Liquid Butane Release, and Fire, Lively, Texas, August 24, 1996
  29. ^ Austin news, sports, weather, Longhorns, business | Statesman.com
  30. ^ "Koch Industries Responds to New Yorker Claims". newsmax. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  31. ^ "Koch Petroleum Group Sentenced for Minnesota Pollution" (Press release). Environmental Protection Agency. 9 March 2000. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  32. ^ CBS News, Blood and Oil, Nov 27 2000, http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/11/27/60II/main252545.shtml
  33. ^ Koch Pipeline Company L.P. - Newsroom
  34. ^ Austin news, sports, weather, Longhorns, business | Statesman.com
  35. ^ "Koch Agrees to $35 Million Settlement in Two Environmental Cases". Safety Online. 17 January 2000.
  36. ^ "Koch Industries to Pay Record Fine for Oil Spills in Six States" (Press release). Environmental Protection Agency. 13 January 2000. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  37. ^ "Koch Pleads Guilty to Covering up Environmental Violations at Texas Oil Refinery". justice.gov. U.S. Department of Justice. 9 April 2001. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  38. ^ Don Richards (22 January 2001). "DOJ Reduces Indictments Against Koch Industries". ICIS.
  39. ^ CBS (27 November 2000). "Blood and Oil". 60 Minutes.
  40. ^ Russell Ray (20 June 2001). "Tribe Likely to Get Piece of Settlement in Osage County, Okla., Oil Squabble". Tulsa World.
  41. ^ US Dept of Commerce, Commerce Dept Fines Kansas Firm, June 3, 2003 press release, http://www.bis.doc.gov/news/2003/kansasfirmfined.htm
  42. ^ EPA Press Release, EPA Fines Flint Hill Resources Alaska, Dec 13 2006, accessed Aug 25 2010, http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/b0789fb70f8ff03285257029006e3880/6b191200b3ce87e2852572430062f987!OpenDocument
  43. ^ "EPA Reports Toxic Releases to Air, Water and Land in Oklahoma in 2007". Environmental Protection Agency. 2009-03-19.
  44. ^ Dan Voorhis (2010-12-16). "Fertilizer Helps Koch Grow". Wichita Eagle.
  45. ^ Toxic 100 Air Polluters Press reelase, March 31, 2010, http://www.peri.umass.edu/toxic_press/
  46. ^ "Koch Industries Inc., Earns Prestigious Energy Star for Efficiencies at Wichita Complex" (Press release). Koch Industries. 17 June 2008. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  47. ^ "ENERGY STAR Labeled Offices in Kansas". energystar.gov. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  48. ^ "Process and Pollution Control". kochenergy.com. Koch Industries. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  49. ^ "Performance Track Final Progress Report" (PDF). epa.gov. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. May 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  50. ^ Jessica Harper (18 November 2009). "Flint Hills is coming out of murky waters". Dakota County Tribune.
  51. ^ "Inside EPA's Clean Air Report". InsideEPA. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  52. ^ "Flint Hills Resources, LP Agrees to Transition Its Texas Flexible Permits to Federally Approved Clean Air Act Permits - Transition affects facilities in Corpus Christi, Port Arthur and Longview". EPA. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
  53. ^ Heck, Josh. "Red Cross Recognizes three fundraisers". Wichita Business Journal. Wichita Business Journal. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  54. ^ "Lone Star Land Steward Awards Winners Announced" (Press release). Texas Parks & Wildlife. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  55. ^ "EPA Honors Koch Ranch for Environmental Excellence; Award is Ranch's Fourth Major Environmental Honor in 1999" (Press release). Koch Industries. 7 June 1999. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  56. ^ http://www.kochind.com/files/012411KochIndustriesRecognizedwith289awards.pdf
  57. ^ "SUMMARY JUDGMENTS: Our daily legal-news aggregator for May 11, 2011" Thompson Reuters News and Insight
  58. ^ Billionaire's role in hiring decisions at Florida State University raises questions By Kris Hundley, St. Petersburg Times, May 10, 2011
  59. ^ OpenSecrets, Summary of Koch Industries, http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.php?id=D000000186
  60. ^ Vidal, John (30 March 2010). "US oil company donated millions to climate skeptic groups, says Greenpeace". The Guardian. London.
  61. ^ "Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine". Global Warming. Washington: Greenpeace. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-04-01.

External links

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