Jump to content

Electric motorcycles and scooters: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎See also: rmv article/infobox repeats
No edit summary
Line 139: Line 139:
| and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. |
| and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. |
======================= {{No more links}} =============================-->
======================= {{No more links}} =============================-->

== Advantages and disadvantages ==
Electric scooters and motorcycles have many plus and minus points. These are discussed here: http://electricbikeindia.weebly.com


== Promotion ==
== Promotion ==

Revision as of 04:08, 26 April 2013

For the single-person, three- or four-wheeled mobility aid scooters, see: Mobility scooter
Brammo Enertia electric motorcycle

Electric motorcycles and scooters are plug-in electric vehicles with two or three wheels that can be recharged from any external source of electricity, and the electricity stored on board in a rechargeable battery powers one or more electric motors to attain locomotion. Electric motorcycles, as distinguished from scooters, do not have a step-through frame.

As of November 2012, there are several commercial production electric motorcycles and scooters available in several markets around the world, including the Brammo Enertia, Brammo Enertia Plus. Brammo Empulse, Zero X, Zero S, Yamaha EC-03, and Vectrix VX-1.

History

  • Late 1860s: Earliest references to electric motorcycles can be found in patents.
  • 1911: Electric motorcycle available according to early Popular Mechanics article.[1]
  • 1920s: Ransomes, current makers of forklifts, explored the use of an electric powered motorcycle. This and other developments helped pave the way for the company to use electric mining cars and lorreys.[2]
  • Early 1940s: Fuel rationing in United States caused Earle Williams to convert a motorcycle to electric power. This became the basis for the formation of the ParCar from the Marketeer Company.[3]
  • 1941: Fuel rationing in Occupied Europe encouraged a Belgium company by the name of Socovel (SOciété pour l'étude et la COnstruction de Vehicles ELectriques) to create a small electric motorcycle. Approximately 400 were manufactured.[4][dead link]
  • 1967: First Fuel Cell powered electric motorcycle created by Karl Kordesch at Union Carbide debuts. Demonstrated the feasibility of fuel cells as a power source. This particular fuel cell was an alkili fuel cell that operated with hydrazine, a rocket fuel propellant.[5]
  • 1967: "Papoose" moped sized electric motorcycle prototype is created by Indian Motocycle Company under the direction of Floyd Clymer.[6]
  • Early 1970s: Aurenthetic Charger moped sized mini bike (small motorcycle) sold.[7]
  • 1973: Mike Corbin sets first electric motorcycle land speed record of 101 mph.
  • 1974: Corbin-Gentry Inc. begins sale of street legal electric motorcycles.
  • Professor Charles E. MacArthur makes first electric vehicle ascent on Mt. Washington, NH using a Corbin Electric motorcycle. The event evolved into an annual rally called the "Mt Washington Alternative Vehicle Regatta".
  • 1978: Electric Harley Davidson MK2 created by Transitron manufactured in Honolulu, Hawaii.[8]
  • 1988: Eyeball Engineering creates KawaSHOCKi electric dragbike and is featured in a major magazine.[9]
  • 1996: Peugeot Scoot'Elec was the first mass production of an electric motorbike.
  • Late 1990s: EMB Lectra VR24 electric motorbike pioneered the use of variable reluctance motors (hence the VR) and was marketed as street legal.[10]
  • 2000: Killacycle made a record run of 152 mph (245 km/h) at 9.4 s quarter mile (400-metre) time at Woodburn Drags 2000, OR.[11]
  • 2000s The development of lithium-ion batteries and powerful electric motors (originally for military applications) made mainstream electric motorcycles more feasible.[12]
  • 2007: A123 Li-Ion cell-powered Killacycle set a new quarter mile (400-metre) record of 7.824 seconds and 168 mph (270 km/h) in Phoenix, AZ at AHDRA 2007.[13]
  • 2008: Electra Green made by Orlando Tony Parker in Omaha, Nebraska was the first electric motorcycle made in the state of Nebraska.
  • 2009 "The 24 Hours of Electricross", the first all electric dirtbike race.
  • 2009 The first Time Trial Xtreme Grand Prix (TTXGP) all electric street motorcycle race took place on the Isle of Man.
  • 2010 ElectroCat was the first electric motorcycle to climb pikes peak and set a record time in the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb[14]

Power source

Yamaha FC Aqel

Generally, the source of power for the electric motor has been batteries, but development in fuel cell technology has created several prototypes. Some examples are: the ENV from Intelligent Energy, Honda's scooter using the Honda FC Stack, and the Yamaha FC-AQEL. Also, petroleum hybrid-electric motorcycles are available. Some examples are the Ecycle, and Yamaha's Gen-RYU.

Types

Xiamen Efun D6000Li Scooter
Hero Electric's Optima Plus is one of the many low-power electric scooters available in India.

A scooter is a type of motorcycle with a step-through frame and usually with smaller wheels designed for urban transportation.

Various types of scooters

Scooters are divided into categories as per the particular niche that they are designed to operate in and speed requirements:

  • Two-wheeled high speed seated scooters separated from motorcycles by swing-through space in chassis 0-72 mph (0–116 km/h)
  • Two-wheeled Stand-up scooters (like a kick scooter) 0-25 mph (0–40 km/h)
  • Two-wheeled Seated scooters 0-25 mph (0–40 km/h)
  • Two-wheeled, side-by-side stand-up scooters like manufactured by Segway PT 0-12 mph (0–20 km/h)
  • Three-wheeled stand-up cambering scooter like Trikke Tribred (3CV 3-point carving vehicle) 18 mph (28 km/h) with dynamic suspension and front wheel drive
  • Three-wheeled standup scooters 0-15 mph (0–25 km/h) (i.e. Easyglider X6)[15]
  • Three- and four-wheeled Mobility scooter (disability riders) 0-10 mph (0–15 km/h)
  • Three- and four-wheeled Seated scooters/golf carts 0-25 mph (0–40 km/h)

Electric motorcycle or electric bicycle

Electric motorcycle "Electrocat"

Two-wheeled motorcycles are generally differentiated from electric bicycles and mopeds (motorized pedal cycles) by speed, with motorcycles having greater speeds—usually greater than 30 mph (about 50 km/h). This line for what constitutes a 2-wheeled motorcycle has blurred due to marketing, styling, and public opinion.

Certain models of electric bicycle take the form of scooters or small motorcycles, with the standard features of common e-bikes, but with plastic or metal cladding, lighting systems; such as indicators and brake lights, and speedometers. They are however, classed as electric bicycles in most areas.

Self-balancing unicycle

The Uno dicycle is another type of electric vehicle that is sometimes described as an electric motorcycle.[16][17] The Uno III transforms between a dicycle and a tricycle.[18]

Comparison of select production residential speed electric scooters and motorcycles

See also: Hybrid electric vehicle § Motorcycles
Name Top Speed Power Vehicle type Battery type Battery life Battery capacity Range Comments
Modenas CTric 80 km/h (50 mph) 3.6 kW (ratified as 1.0 kW)[19] Underbone Nano-gel batteries, 5 x 12 V 2 years 20 A·h 60 km @ 30 km/h[20] Modenas CTric
ZAP Xebra 40 mph (65 km/h) 3 Wheel Lead acid 3 years 25 miles at 30 mph (40 km at 50 km/h) review[citation needed]
Zero X + 50 mph (80 km/h) 17.4 kW 23 HP Off-road Motorcycle lithium ion ? 2 kWh 40 miles (64 km) 2hrs Zero Motorcycles
Zero MX + 50 mph (80 km/h) 17.4 kW 23 HP Off-road Motorcycle lithium ion ? 2 kWh 40 miles (64 km) 2hrs Zero Motorcycles

Comparison of select Interstate ready production electric scooters and motorcycles (55mph and excess)

See also: Hybrid_electric_motorcycle § Motorcycles
Name Top Speed Power Vehicle type Battery type Battery life Battery capacity Range Comments
Brammo Enertia 60+ mph (96+ km/h) 13 kW (17 hp) @ 4500 rpm Motorcycle Lithium iron phosphate 2000 cycles to 80% capacity
20,000 miles (32,000 km)		 3.1 kWh 42+ miles (68+ kilometres)

Currently available at dealerships and online.[21]

Zero DS ZF6 80 mph (130 km/h) n/a Dual-Sport lithium ion 203,000 miles (327,000 km) 6.0 kWh (max) 5.3 kWh (nominal) 75 miles (121 km) 2012 Zero DS ZF6 Specs[22]
Zero DS ZF9 88 mph (142 km/h) n/a Dual-Sport lithium ion 302,000 miles (486,000 km) 9.0 kWh (max) 7.9 kWh (nominal) 112 miles (180 km) 2012 Zero DS ZF9 Specs[23]
Zero S ZF6 88 mph (142 km/h) n/a Supermoto lithium ion 205,000 miles (330,000 km) 6.0 kWh (max) 5.3 kWh (nominal) 76 miles (122 km) 2012 Zero S ZF6 Specs[24]
Zero S ZF9 88 mph (142 km/h) n/a Supermoto lithium ion 308,000 miles (496,000 km) 9.0 kWh (max) 7.9 kWh (nominal) 114 miles (183 km) 2012 Zero S ZF9 Specs[25]
Zero S ZF11.4 95 mph (153 km/h) n/a Supermoto lithium ion 309,000 miles (497,000 km) 11.4 kWh (max) 10.0 kWh (nominal) 137 miles (220 km) 2013 Zero S ZF11.4 Specs[26]
Zero XU 65 mph (105 km/h) 10 kW (13 hp) Urban Cross lithium ion 113,000 miles (182,000 km) 3.0 kWh (max) 2.6 kWh (nominal) 42 miles (68 km) Zero Motorcycles
Vectrix VX-1 68 mph (110 km/h) 20 kW[27] Scooter NiMH 10 years or 50,000 miles / 80,000 km 30 A·h, 3.7 kW·h 68 miles @ 25 mph (110 km @ 40 km/h) Review
Brammo Empulse R 100+ mph (160+ km/h) 40 kW (54 hp) Naked Sportbike lithium ion 1,500 cycles to 80% capacity
(163,350 miles (262,890 km) using SAE city range)		 10.2 kWh (max) 9.3 kWh (nominal) 121 miles (195 km) 2013 Brammo Empulse R Specs[28]

List of electric motorcycles and scooters

Further information: Category:Electric scooters and Category:Electric motorcycles
Electric motorcycles and scooters among other battery electric vehicles

Advantages and disadvantages

Electric scooters and motorcycles have many plus and minus points. These are discussed here: http://electricbikeindia.weebly.com

Promotion

Charging an electric scooter's battery, using a small charger and a regular 250 V power outlet

Premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Liu Chao-shiuan said that the government-financed Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) will help domestic manufacturers mass-produce 100,000 electric motorcycles in four years.[29]

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.elmoto.net/album.php?albumid=46&pictureid=547
  2. ^ Forklift Parts for Mitsubishi,Caterpillar,Hamech,Kelvin & Crown
  3. ^ http://www.parcar.com/legend/history.htm
  4. ^ http://www.elmoto.net/album.php?albumid=46&pictureid=549
  5. ^ Fuel Cell Project: Alkali Fuel Cells photo #2
  6. ^ post 1953 Indian motorcycle history
  7. ^ Some EV History / History of Electric Cars and other Vehicles
  8. ^ ElectricMotorcycles.net-EM Headline News » EM History: 1978 Electric Harley and Wheels Through Time Museum
  9. ^ National Electric Drag Racing Association - Roger Hedlund 100 mph Club
  10. ^ Electric Motorbike Inc. manufacturer of the Lectra electric motorcycle
  11. ^ National Electric Drag Racing Association - Roger Hedlund 150 mph Club
  12. ^ http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126264432&ps=cprs
  13. ^ KillaCycle - World’s Quickest Electric Motorcycle » Blog Archive » 7.824 @168 MPH !!!!!! at Pomona AHDRA Nov 10th
  14. ^ http://www.ultimatemotorcycling.com/2010/pikes-peak-electrocat-motorcycle-sets-record
  15. ^ Easyglider X6
  16. ^ Uno described as a motorcycle
  17. ^ Uno noted as a motorcycle
  18. ^ Uno III noted as transforming
  19. ^ Official Modenas CTric brochure - from Modenas official website.
  20. ^ Modenas CTric Launch Press Release
  21. ^ "Enertia dealer locator". June 15, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
  22. ^ "2012 Zero DS ZF6 Specs". zeromotorcycles.com. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  23. ^ "2012 Zero DS ZF9 Specs". zeromotorcycles.com. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  24. ^ "2012 Zero S ZF6 Specs". zeromotorcycles.com. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  25. ^ "2012 Zero S ZF9 Specs". zeromotorcycles.com. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  26. ^ "2013 Zero S ZF11.4 Specs". zeromotorcycles.com. Retrieved 2013-03-24.
  27. ^ [1][dead link]
  28. ^ "100% Electric Motorcycle : Brammo Empulse and Enertia Home". brammo.com. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
  29. ^ ":: 中華民國僑務委員會 ::". Ocac.gov.tw. Retrieved 2010-06-15.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electric motorcycles.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electric scooters.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electric_motorcycles_and_scooters&oldid=552223217"