Xinjiang conflict: Difference between revisions
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{{Campaignbox Xinjiang conflict}} |
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'''Xinjiang conflict''' is an ongoing separatist struggle in the Eastern part of China (mainly [[Xinjiang]] province), led by Muslim ethnically Uighur underground organizations, most notably the [[East Turkestan independence movement]], against the Chinese government. China labels the violence as terrorism. |
'''Xinjiang conflict'''<ref>[http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS015.pdf] ''The Xinjiang Conflict: Uyghur identity, Language, Policy, and Political discourse ''</ref> is an ongoing<ref name=american.edu>[http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/xinjiang.htm] ''Uyghur Separatist conflict''</ref>] separatist struggle in the Eastern part of China (mainly [[Xinjiang]] province), led by Muslim ethnically Uighur underground organizations, most notably the [[East Turkestan independence movement]], against the Chinese government. China labels the separatist violence as terrorism. |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Some put the beginning of modern phase of the conflict in Xinjiang to 1950s.<ref name=american.edu/> |
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A police round-up and execution of 30 suspected separatists<ref name="gn"/> during [[Ramadan]] resulted in large demonstrations in February 1997 which were characterised as riots in the Chinese state media,<ref>"Xinjiang to intensify crackdown on separatists", [[China Daily]], 10/25/2001</ref> which western have described as peaceful.<ref>Amnesty International Document - "China: Remember the Gulja massacre? China's crackdown on peaceful protesters", Web Action WA 003/07 AI Index: ASA 17/002/2007, Start date: 01/02/2007 [http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/002/2007/en/dom-ASA170022007en.html]</ref> These demonstrations culminated in the [[Gulja Incident]] on the 5th of February, where a [[People's Liberation Army|PLA]] crackdown on the demonstrations led to at least 9 deaths [http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/asia/china-bck1017.htm] and perhaps more than 100.<ref name=gn>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RUCOrg2Pb0 1997 Channel 4 (UK) news report on the incident which can be seen here]</ref> The [[1997 Ürümqi bus bombings|Ürümqi bus bombs]] of February 25, 1997 killed 9 and injured 68. The situation in Xinjiang was relatively quiet from the late nineties through mid-2006, though inter-ethnic tensions no doubt remained.<ref>See Hierman, Brent. "The Pacification of Xinjiang: Uighur Protest and the Chinese State, 1988-2002." Problems of Post-Communism, May/Jun2007, Vol. 54 Issue 3, pp 48-62</ref> |
A police round-up and execution of 30 suspected separatists<ref name="gn"/> during [[Ramadan]] resulted in large demonstrations in February 1997 which were characterised as riots in the Chinese state media,<ref>"Xinjiang to intensify crackdown on separatists", [[China Daily]], 10/25/2001</ref> which western have described as peaceful.<ref>Amnesty International Document - "China: Remember the Gulja massacre? China's crackdown on peaceful protesters", Web Action WA 003/07 AI Index: ASA 17/002/2007, Start date: 01/02/2007 [http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/002/2007/en/dom-ASA170022007en.html]</ref> These demonstrations culminated in the [[Gulja Incident]] on the 5th of February, where a [[People's Liberation Army|PLA]] crackdown on the demonstrations led to at least 9 deaths [http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/asia/china-bck1017.htm] and perhaps more than 100.<ref name=gn>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RUCOrg2Pb0 1997 Channel 4 (UK) news report on the incident which can be seen here]</ref> The [[1997 Ürümqi bus bombings|Ürümqi bus bombs]] of February 25, 1997 killed 9 and injured 68. The situation in Xinjiang was relatively quiet from the late nineties through mid-2006, though inter-ethnic tensions no doubt remained.<ref>See Hierman, Brent. "The Pacification of Xinjiang: Uighur Protest and the Chinese State, 1988-2002." Problems of Post-Communism, May/Jun2007, Vol. 54 Issue 3, pp 48-62</ref> |
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Revision as of 19:19, 20 June 2013
Xinjiang conflict[1] is an ongoing[2]] separatist struggle in the Eastern part of China (mainly Xinjiang province), led by Muslim ethnically Uighur underground organizations, most notably the East Turkestan independence movement, against the Chinese government. China labels the separatist violence as terrorism.
Background
Xinjiang Wars
The Xinjiang Wars were a series of armed conflicts, which took place within Xinjiang in the Republic of China during the Warlord Era and Chinese Civil War (early and mid-20th century). The wars also played an important role in the East Turkestan independence movement.
Human rights of Uyghurs
Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch speculate that Uyghur resentment towards alleged repression of Uyghur culture may explain some of the ethnic riots that have occurred in Xinjiang during the PRC period.
Conversely, Han Chinese are treated as second class citizens by PRC policies, in which many of the ethnic autonomy policies are discriminatory against them (see autonomous entities of China) and previous Chinese dynasties owned Xinjiang before the Uyghur Empire. Independence advocates view Chinese rule in Xinjiang, and policies like the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps as Chinese imperialism.
History
Some put the beginning of modern phase of the conflict in Xinjiang to 1950s.[2]
In the 1980s there was a scattering of student demonstrations and riots against police action that took on an ethnic aspect; and the Baren Township riot in April, 1990, an abortive uprising, resulted in more than 50 deaths.[citation needed]
A police round-up and execution of 30 suspected separatists[3] during Ramadan resulted in large demonstrations in February 1997 which were characterised as riots in the Chinese state media,[4] which western have described as peaceful.[5] These demonstrations culminated in the Gulja Incident on the 5th of February, where a PLA crackdown on the demonstrations led to at least 9 deaths [4] and perhaps more than 100.[3] The Ürümqi bus bombs of February 25, 1997 killed 9 and injured 68. The situation in Xinjiang was relatively quiet from the late nineties through mid-2006, though inter-ethnic tensions no doubt remained.[6]
Recent incidents include the 2007 Xinjiang raid,[7] a thwarted 2008 suicide bombing attempt on a China Southern Airlines flight,[8] and the 2008 Xinjiang attack which resulted in the deaths of sixteen police officers four days before the Beijing Olympics.[9][10] Further incidents include the July 2009 Ürümqi riots, the September 2009 Xinjiang unrest, and the 2010 Aksu bombing that led to the trials of 376 people.[11] The 2011 Hotan attack in July led to the deaths of 18 civilians. Although all of the attackers were Uyghur,[12] both Han and Uyghur people were victims.[13]
References
- ^ [1] The Xinjiang Conflict: Uyghur identity, Language, Policy, and Political discourse
- ^ a b [2] Uyghur Separatist conflict
- ^ a b 1997 Channel 4 (UK) news report on the incident which can be seen here
- ^ "Xinjiang to intensify crackdown on separatists", China Daily, 10/25/2001
- ^ Amnesty International Document - "China: Remember the Gulja massacre? China's crackdown on peaceful protesters", Web Action WA 003/07 AI Index: ASA 17/002/2007, Start date: 01/02/2007 [3]
- ^ See Hierman, Brent. "The Pacification of Xinjiang: Uighur Protest and the Chinese State, 1988-2002." Problems of Post-Communism, May/Jun2007, Vol. 54 Issue 3, pp 48-62
- ^ "Chinese police destroy terrorist camp in Xinjiang, one policeman killed". CCTV International. 1 October 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
- ^ Elizabeth Van Wie Davis, "China confronts its Uyghur threat," Asia Times Online, 18 April 2008.
- ^ Jacobs, Andrew (5 August 2008). "Ambush in China Raises Concerns as Olympics Near". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ "Waterhouse Caulfield Cup breakthrough".
- ^ "China prosecuted hundreds over Xinjiang unrest". London: The Guardian. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2011.
- ^ Choi, Chi-yuk (2011-07-22). "Ban on Islamic dress sparked Uygur attack". Hotan: South China Morning Post.
- ^ Krishnan, Ananth (2011-07-21). "Analysts see Pakistan terror links to Xinjiang attack". The Hindu. Retrieved 2011-07-29.
