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==History==
==History==
===Foundation===
Ogilvy & Mather was founded in 1948 by [[United Kingdom|British]] born [[David Ogilvy (businessman)|David Ogilvy]], with backing by a previous employer, the [[London]] advertising agency [[Mather & Crowther]].<ref>Ad Age.com 30 April 2013 "Who was Mather ? Meet the lesser-known men behind famous agency names"</ref>
The agency that would become Ogilvy & Mather got its start in [[London]] in 1850 when Edmund Charles Mather began an advertising agency on [[Fleet Street]], the traditional location and current [[metonym]] of the British newspaper industry.<ref name=Creamer13>{{cite news |title=Who Was Mather? Meet the Lesser-Known Men Behind Famous Agency Names Granted Immortality Regardless of Contribution|author=Matt Creamer|url=http://adage.com/article/agency-news/mather-meet-lesser-men-famous-agency-names/241085/
|work=[[Advertising Age]]| date=April 29, 2013 | accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref> After Edmund's death in 1886, his son, Harley Lawrence Mather, partnered with Herbert Oakes Crowther and the agency became known as Mather & Crowther.<ref name="Roman-45">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=45 }}</ref> The agency pioneered newspaper advertising, which was in its infancy due to a loosening of tax restrictions. Mather & Crowther educated manufacturers about the efficacy of advertising and also produced "how-to" manuals for the nascent advertising industry.<ref name="Roman-45">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=45 }}</ref> The company grew in prominence in the 1920s after creating leading [[Trademark_distinctiveness#Generic_terms|non-branded]] [[advertising campaign|advertising campaigns]] such as "an apple a day keeps the doctor away" and "Drinka Pinta Milka Day".<ref name=Fletcher08>{{cite book |title=Powers of Persuasion: The Inside Story of British Advertising 1951-2000 |author=Winston Fletcher |authorlink= |year=2008 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=London |isbn= |page= |pages=45-46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DiV6Zu3hvEEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA45#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Roman-45">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=45 }}</ref>


In 1921, Mather & Crowther hired Francis Ogilvy as a copywriter. Ogilvy eventually became the first non-family member to chair the agency. When the agency launched the [[AGA cooker|Aga cooker]], a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[cook stove]], Francis composed letters in [[Greek]] to appeal to British [[Public school (United Kingdom)|public schools]], the appliance's best sales leads. Francis also helped his younger brother, David Ogilvy, secure a position as an Aga salesman.<ref name="Roman-48">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=48 }}</ref> The younger Ogilvy was so successful at selling the cooker, he wrote a sales manual for the company in 1935 called “The Theory and Practice of Selling the Aga Cooker”. It was later called “probably the best sales manual ever written" by ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine.<ref name=Oliver99>{{cite news |title=David Ogilvy; Legendary Figure of the Ad Industry|author=Myrna Oliver|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jul/22/news/mn-58609l|work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date= July 22, 1999 | accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref>
Mather & Crowther originally sent David Ogilvy to the United States in 1938. Over the next ten years, Ogilvy worked in research at the [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] polling company, worked for [[Secret Intelligence Service|British Intelligence]] during [[World War II]], then spent a few years farming in [[Pennsylvania]]. Ogilvy in 1948 started a U.S. agency with the backing of Mather & Crowther, who by then had merged with the U.K. based Benson agency group. Ogilvy opened his U.S. shop as "Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather" in Manhattan with a staff of two and no clients.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}<ref>{{cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E5DF143EF931A15754C0A96F958260 | work=The New York Times | title=David Ogilvy, 88, Father of Soft Sell In Advertising, Dies | first=Constance L. | last=Hays | date=1999-07-22 | accessdate=2010-05-20}}
</ref>


David Ogilvy sent the manual to Francis who was persuaded to hire him as a trainee. Ogilvy began studying advertising, particularly campaigns from America, which he viewed as the [[gold standard]].<ref name="Roman-56">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| pp=56-58 }}</ref> In 1938, David Ogilvy convinced Francis to send him to the United States on [[sabbatical]] to study American advertising.<ref name=Hays99/> After a year, Ogilvy presented 32 "basic rules of good advertising" to Mather & Crowther.<ref name="Roman-62">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=62 }}</ref> Over the next ten years, Ogilvy worked in research at the [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] polling company, worked for [[Secret Intelligence Service|British Intelligence]] during [[World War II]], then spent a few years farming among the Amish community in [[Pennsylvania]].<ref name=Hays99/>
Ogilvy was acquired by the [[WPP Group]] in 1989 for $864 million.<ref name="Rothenberg">{{cite news|last=Rothenberg|first=Randall|title=WPP's Bid Is Accepted By Ogilvy|work=The New York Times|page=1|date=16 May 1989|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/16/business/wpp-s-bid-is-accepted-by-ogilvy.html}}</ref>


In 1948, David Ogilvy proposed that Mather & Crowther and another U.K. agency, [[S.H. Benson]], partner to create an American advertising agency in [[New York City|New York]] to support British advertising clients. The agencies each invested US$40,000 in the venture, but insisted Ogilvy find a more experienced American to run it. David Ogilvy recruited Anderson Hewitt from [[J. Walter Thompson]] to serve as president and run sales. Ogilvy would serve as secretary, treasurer, and research director. Along with their British sponsors, which held [[controlling interest]], Hewitt [[Mortgage loan|mortgaged]] his house and invested $14,000 in the agency and Ogilvy invested $6,000.<ref name="Roman-84">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=84 }}</ref><ref name=Danzig99/>
⚫
In 2005, Shona Seifert and Thomas Early, two former directors of Ogilvy & Mather, were convicted of one count of conspiring to defraud the government and nine counts of filing false claims for Ogilvy over-billing advertising work done for the U.S. [[Office of National Drug Control Policy]] account. Ogilvy & Mather repaid $1.8 million to the government to settle a civil suit based on the same billing issues and continues to produce anti-drug spots for the government.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://adage.com/article/news/shona-seifert-sentenced-18-months-prison/46288/ |title=SHONA SEIFERT SENTENCED TO 18 MONTHS IN PRISON|author= Matthew Creamer|publisher=[[Advertising Age]] |date =July 14, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url =http://adage.com/article/news/thomas-early-sentenced-14-months-prison/46276/ |title=THOMAS EARLY SENTENCED TO 14 MONTHS IN PRISON|author= Matthew Creamer|publisher=[[Advertising Age]] |date =July 13, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url =http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/23/business/media/billing-convictions-set-off-shudders-on-madison-ave.html |title=Billing Convictions Set Off Shudders on Madison Ave.|author=Stuart Elliott|publisher=[[The New York Times]] |date = February 23, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url =http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107341899075739300|title= Two Tied to Ogilvy Contract With U.S. Are Indicted|author= Brian Steinberg and Suzanne Vranica |publisher=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date =January 7, 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/463584/|title= Ad executives lose fraud case|author= James Hamilton|publisher=[[Campaign (magazine)]] |date = February 25, 2005}}</ref>

===Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson & Mather===
On September 23, 1948, David Ogilvy opened his U.S. shop as Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather on [[Madison Avenue]] in Manhattan.<ref name=adage03/> Initially, Mather & Crowther and S.H. Benson gave the agency four clients that were relatively unknown in the U.S. and had small budgets, including [[Wedgwood]] China, [[British Airways|British South African Airways]], [[Guinness]], and [[Bovril]].<ref name="Roman-85">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=85 }}</ref>

The agency's first account was securing magazine advertising space for Wedgwood.<ref name=Danzig99>{{cite news |title=David Ogilvy: The Last Giant - Creative Titan: Legendary Adman Revered for Humanity |author=Fred Danzig |url=http://adage.com/article/people-players/david-ogilvy-giant-creative-titan-legendary-adman-revered-humanity/61644/ |work=[[Advertising Age]] |date=July 26, 1999 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> It had its first successful ad with Ogilvy's concept "The Guinness Guide to Oysters", which was followed by several other similar food and Guinness pairing guides.<ref name=Lui09>{{cite news |title=Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide 60th Anniversary |author=Ninart Lui |url=http://designtaxi.com/article/100510/Ogilvy-Mather-Worldwide-60th-Anniversary/
|work=[[DesignTAXI]]| date=January 5, 2009 | accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref> Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather's first large client was [[Sunoco]] (then called Sun Oil), procured by Hewitt in February 1949.<ref name=adage03/> [[Helena Rubinstein]] cosmetics was the first client won by Ogilvy.<ref name="Roman-87">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=87 }}</ref>

A breakthrough came after the agency was approached by Maine-based shirt manufacturer [[C. F. Hathaway Company]]. The company only had a small budget, but its president promised to "never change a word of copy."<ref name="Roman-89">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=89 }}</ref> In 1951, Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather introduced the "The man in the Hathaway shirt" campaign. The advertisement featured an aristocratic man in an [[eyepatch]] that Ogilvy purchased on the way to the ad's [[photo shoot]]. C. F. Hathaway Company sold out of shirts within a week of the first ad's printing. The campaign increased the shirt maker's sales by 160 percent, resulted in new business for Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather, and turned the recognizable "Hathaway Man" and his eyepatch into a popular cultural [[Trope (literature)|trope]].<ref name="Roman-90">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=90 }}</ref><ref name=Hays99/>

In 1952, the agency launched a campaign for [[Schweppes]] using the beverage maker's U.S. president, Edward Whitehead, as company spokesman "Commander Whitehead".<ref name=Danzig99/><ref name="Roman-92">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=92 }}</ref> The campaign increased sales by 600 percent in six months and grew from a single ad to a TV campaign that lasted through the 1960s.<ref name="Roman-92">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=92 }}</ref> That same year, Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather produced the "Come to Britain" campaign for the [[British Tourist Authority]], which led to Britain rising from the fifth to first American tourist destination.<ref name=Lui09/>

===Ogilvy, Benson & Mather===
Disagreements between Hewitt and Ogilvy, particularly about creative direction and who should run the agency, resulted in Ogilvy's resignation in 1953.<ref name=adage03/>
The agency's backers supported Ogilvy, leading to Hewitt's resignation and the agency reopening as Ogilvy, Benson & Mather in 1954. Ogilvy hired retired Benton & Bowles executive Esty Stowell in 1956 to handle operations and non-creative functions.<ref name=Mcdonough98/>

During the 1950s, Ogilvy, Benson & Mather became known for its successful campaigns, which David Ogilvy called "Big ideas". The agency, mainly through Ogilvy's creative direction, built a reputation for "quality" advertising, which was defined by its use of well-researched "long [[Copy (written)|copy]]", large photographs, and clean layouts and [[typography]]. Ogilvy believed advertising's purpose was to sell through information and persuasion, as opposed to entertain.<ref name=Hays99/><ref name="Roman-125">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=125 }}</ref>

In 1955, Ogilvy created the Dove campaign "Dove is one-quarter cleansing cream–It creams your skin while you wash" after learning one of the bar's ingredients was also used in [[cold cream]].<ref name="Roman-98">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=98 }}</ref> In 1956, the agency invented "[[Parker Fennelly|Titus Moody]]" for [[Pepperidge Farm]], a character which appeared in their commercials until the 1980s.<ref name=Klimkiewicz04>{{cite news |title=`Peppridge Faahm' Pitchman Remembered |author=Joann Klimkiewicz |url=http://articles.courant.com/2004-07-29/news/0407290788_1_pepperidge-farm-theater-training-titus-moody |work=[[Hartford Courant]] |date=July 29, 2004 |accessdate=16 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=Hays99/> Ogilvy also helped change the perception of [[Puerto Rico]] and increase tourism through campaigns in the 1950s.<ref name=Danzig99/><ref name=Hays99/>

Ogilvy produced one of the agency's most iconic ads for car manufacturer [[Rolls-Royce]] in 1960 with the headline "At 60 miles an hour the loudest noise in this new Rolls-Royce comes from the electric clock."<ref name=Hays99/> Ogilvy borrowed the headline from an old article he came across while researching the company. The rest of the copy included 11 engineering advantages of the vehicle. After it was printed, the ad was praised by other advertisers, and Ogilvy considered it his favorite.<ref name="Roman-114">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=114}}</ref><ref name=Mcdonough98/>

That same year, the agency nearly doubled in size and brought on John "Jock" Elliott as an executive after winning the [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell Oil]] account.<ref name="Roman-134">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=134 }}</ref> The agency agreed to work for Shell on a fee basis, rather than the traditional commission model, and became one of the first major advertising agencies to use the system.<ref name=AdAge903>{{cite web |url=http://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/fee-system/98469/ |title=Fee System |author= |date=September 15, 2003 |work=adage.com |publisher=[[Advertising Age]] |accessdate=27 October 2015}}</ref> The agency produced ads for the company that included the ingredients of its gasoline and explained their benefits.<ref name="Roman-135">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=135 }}</ref><ref name=Mcdonough98/>

In the early 1960s, David Ogilvy's neighbor, [[American Express]] [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] Howard Clark approached him about taking on the account, but Stowell rejected the business as too small. Ogilvy signed American Express while Stowell was on vacation. Other major clients of the 1960s included Sears Roebuck and General Foods.<ref name="Roman-137">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=137 }}</ref>

In 1963, David Ogilvy published ''[[Confessions of an Advertising Man]]'', which became an international best-seller and increased Ogilvy's public profile.<ref name=Mcdonough98/><ref name=Danzig99/>

===Ogilvy & Mather===
As a reaction to the growth of [[Global_marketing#International_marketing|international advertising]], Ogilvy, Benson & Mather formed an equal partnership with Mather & Crowther in 1964.<ref name=Mcdonough98>{{cite news |title=Ogilvy & Mather at 50 -- The ‘House that David built’ still lives by his precepts: 3 of 4|author=John McDonough|url=http://adage.com/article/news/ogilvy-mather-50-house-david-built-lives-precepts-3-4/64436/
|work=[[Advertising Age]] | date= September 21, 1998 | accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref> The two agencies became [[Subsidiary|subsidiaries]] of a new [[parent company]] called Ogilvy & Mather, which was headquartered in New York. In 1965, both changed their names to Ogilvy & Mather and the parent company became known as Ogilvy & Mather International inc.<ref name=adage03/> Jock Elliott took over as chairman of U.S. operations from David Ogilvy, who remained chairman of Ogilvy & Mather International and became creative director. As a stipulation of the merger, the company went [[Initial public offering|public]] on April 27, 1966. It was the first advertising agency to go public on both [[New York Stock Exchange|New York]] and [[London Stock Exchange]].<ref name="Roman-182">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=182 }}</ref><ref name=Sanders05/><ref name=Mcdonough98/>

In 1969, Ogilvy & Mather became the first ad agency to work with [[The Hershey Company]], after it began national advertisements.<ref name=Luciew13>{{cite news |title=Hollywood gets Hershey's marketing history mostly right in 'Mad Men' finale |author=John Luciew |url=http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2013/06/hollywood_gets_hersheys_market.html |work=[[The Patriot-News]] |date=June 24, 2013 |accessdate=16 October 2015}}</ref> In 1971, the agency launched Merrill Lynch's "Bullish on America" campaign. In 1979, it won business from [[TWA]], the agency’s largest account win in the United States at the time.<ref name=Lui09/> The agency also launched several popular campaigns for American Express throughout the 1970s, including advertisements with the headline "Do you know me?" featuring famous names with unrecognizable faces and the slogan "Don't leave home without it". The gains American Express made through advertising led to the company becoming the agency's biggest client by the 1980s.<ref name=adage03/><ref name="Roman-136">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=136 }}</ref>

During the 1970s, Ogilvy & Mather acquired numerous other agencies, including S.H. Benson, one of its original sponsors, in 1971, [[Scali, McCabe, Sloves]] in 1976, and Cone & Weber in 1977.<ref name=adage03>{{cite news |title=Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide|author=|url=http://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/ogilvy-mather-worldwide/98803/ |work=[[Advertising Age]]| date=September 15, 1999 | accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref> One of the acquisitions, Hodes-Daniel, resulted in the establishment of the agency's direct response service called Ogilvy & Mather Direct in 1976. It was renamed OgilvyOne Worldwide in 1997.<ref name=Lui09/> The agency's growth through acquisitions was not led by Ogilvy, who feared the differing philosophies of the acquired agencies would undermine Ogilvy & Mather's culture and advertising beliefs, which he called the "True Church".<ref name="Roman-146">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| pp=146,164 }}</ref><ref name=Wolff11>{{cite news |title=The First (and Last) Adman |author=Michael Wolff |url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/first-and-last-adman-132449?page=2 |work=[[AdWeek]] |date=June 13, 2011 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> After moving permanently to his French castle [[Château de Touffou]] in 1973, David Ogilvy stepped down as chairman and became Worldwide Creative Head in 1975. Jock Elliott was named chairman and CEO of Ogilvy & Mather International.<ref name=Sanders05>{{cite news |title=Former Ogilvy Chairman Jock Elliott Dead at 84 |author=Lisa Sanders |url=http://adage.com/article/news/ogilvy-chairman-jock-elliott-dead-84/47242/ |work=[[Advertising Age]] |date=October 31, 2005 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Roman-163">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=163 }}</ref>

===1980s===
The agency opened its [[public relations]] division, Ogilvy & Mather Public Relations, in 1980.<ref name=Dougherty83>{{cite news |title=Ogilvy & Mather Forms Public Relations Unit |author=Philip H. Dougherty |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/20/business/advertising-ogilvy-mather-forms-public-relations-unit.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 20, 1983 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>

Jock Elliott retired as chairman and was succeeded by William Phillips in 1982.<ref name=Siler88/><ref name=Sanders05/> The next year, Ogilvy & Mather established the Interactive Marketing Group and became the first major agency to establish an [[Interactive marketing|interactive]] capability.<ref name=NYT09>{{cite news |title=Talk to The Times: Martin A. Nisenholtz |author= |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/08/business/media/09askthetimes.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 8, 2009 |accessdate=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=Levin94>{{cite news |title=Plugging into Interactive Early on Ogilvy & Mather Martin Nisenholtz |url=http://adage.com/article/news/plugging-interactive-early-ogilvy-mather-martin-nisenholtz/90210/ |work=[[Advertising Age]] |date=September 12, 1994 |accessdate=26 October 2015}}</ref> In December of 1983, David Ogilvy retired as Creative Head.<ref name=Sonnenfeld88>{{cite book |title=The Hero's Farewell: What Happens When CEOs Retire |author=Jeffrey Sonnenfeld |authorlink= |year=1988 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location= |isbn= |page= |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHurm_MPbAQC&lpg=PT173&ots=POAStiwbjZ&dq=david%20ogilvy%20retired%20as%20creative%20head%201983&pg=PT173#v=onepage&q=david%20ogilvy%20retired%20as%20creative%20head%201983&f=false |accessdate=24 November 2015}}</ref>

In 1985, Ogilvy & Mather International was renamed as The Ogilvy Group inc. The group included three divisions: Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, a new name for all Ogilvy & Mather offices including Ogilvy & Mather Direct and Ogilvy & Mather Public Relations; Scali McCabe Sloves Group; and several independent associate agencies, such as Cole & Weber. [[Kenneth Roman]], president of Ogilvy & Mather U.S., was named president of Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide.<ref name=Dougherty85>{{cite news |title=Advertising;Changes Planned At Ogilvy |author=Philip H. Dougherty |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/28/business/advertising-changes-planned-at-ogilvy.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 28, 1985 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> He was promoted to chairman of Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide in 1987 and became chairman of Ogilvy Group in 1988, succeeding Phillips.<ref name=Siler88>{{cite news |title=Advertising; An Orderly Succession At Ogilvy |author=Julia Flynn Siler |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/08/business/advertising-an-orderly-succession-at-ogilvy.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 8, 1988 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>

In 1989, [[WPP plc]], a British advertising [[holding company]], acquired Ogilvy Group for $864 million, which, at the time, was the most ever paid for an advertising agency. David Ogilvy initially resisted the sale, but eventually accepted the title of WPP honorary chairman, a position he relinquished in 1992.<ref name=Rothenberg89>{{cite news |title=WPP's Bid Is Accepted By Ogilvy|author=Randall Rothenberg |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/16/business/wpp-s-bid-is-accepted-by-ogilvy.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date= May 16, 1989 | accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Roman-190">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=190 }}</ref>

Following the departure of Roman for [[American Express]] in 1989, Graham Phillips became the chairman and CEO of Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide.<ref name="Roman-192">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=192 }}</ref>

===1990s===
In 1992, [[Charlotte Beers]] replaced Graham Phillips as chairman and CEO of Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide. Philips remained vice chairman. Beers was recruited from agency Tatham, Laird & Kudner and was the first "outsider" to lead the agency.<ref name="Roman-218">{{harvnb |Roman|2009| p=218 }}</ref> She was also the first woman to lead a major international agency.<ref name=Elliott96>{{cite news |title=From One Woman to Another, Ogilvy & Mather Is Making History |author=Stuart Elliott |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/09/business/from-one-woman-to-another-ogilvy-mather-is-making-history.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 9, 1996 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> Beers introduced the concept of "[[brand]] stewardship" to the agency, a philosophy of brand-building over time.<ref name=AdAge03>{{cite news |title=Lazarus, Rochelle "Shelly" |author= |url=http://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/lazarus-rochelle-shelly/98744/ |work=[[Advertising Age]] |date=September 15, 2003 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> She is also credited with helping Ogilvy & Mather bring in new business after a downturn.<ref name=Elliott96/>

In 1994, then-North America president Shelly Lazarus and Beers helped win the entire global account of technology corporation [[IBM]] for the agency.<ref name=AdAge03/> Worth an estimated $500 million in billings, it was the largest account shift in the history of advertising.<ref name=Elliott96/>

After four years, Beers stepped down as CEO.<ref name=Elliott96/> Lazarus, a 23-year veteran of the agency, was appointed CEO in 1996 and became chairman the next year.<ref name=AdAge03/> It was the first time a woman succeeded another woman at a major agency.<ref name=Elliott96/> Lazarus further developed Beer's brand stewardship approach by introducing "360 degree branding", the idea of communicating a brand message at every [[touchpoint]] the brand has with people.<ref name=Reiss10>{{cite news |title=How Philanthropy Builds A Brand|author=Robert Reiss|url=http://www.forbes.com/2010/03/01/shelly-lazarus-ogilvy-leadership-managing-interview.html |work=[[Forbes]]| date=March 1, 2010 | accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=AdAge03/>

David Ogilvy died at age 88, at his home in Touffou in July 1999.<ref name=Hays99>{{cite news |title=David Ogilvy, 88, Father of Soft Sell In Advertising, Dies|author=Constance Hays|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/22/business/david-ogilvy-88-father-of-soft-sell-in-advertising-dies.html
|work=[[The New York Times]] | date= July 22, 1999 | accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref>

===2000s to present===
In 2004, Ogilvy & Mather launched [[Dove Campaign for Real Beauty|Dove's Campaign for Real Beauty]], a long-running series of videos, advertisements, and other marketing initiatives focused on "redefining beauty".<ref name=Bahadur14>{{cite news |title=Dove 'Real Beauty' Campaign Turns 10: How A Brand Tried To Change The Conversation About Female Beauty |author=Nina Bahadur |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/21/dove-real-beauty-campaign-turns-10_n_4575940.html |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |date=January 21, 2014 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>

In 2005, Shona Seifert and Thomas Early, two former directors of Ogilvy & Mather, were convicted of one count of conspiring to defraud the government and nine counts of filing false claims for Ogilvy over-billing advertising work done for the U.S. [[Office of National Drug Control Policy]] account. The agency was hired by the ONDCP in 1998 to create anti-drug ads aimed at adolescents.<ref>{{Cite news| url =http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/23/business/media/billing-convictions-set-off-shudders-on-madison-ave.html |title=Billing Convictions Set Off Shudders on Madison Ave.|author=Stuart Elliott|publisher=[[The New York Times]] |date = February 23, 2005}}</ref> At the time, it was
⚫
the largest social marketing contract in history.<ref name=Fitzgerald97>{{cite news |title=Media Agencies: A Social Contract |author=Nora Fitzgerald |url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising/media-agencies-social-contract-22800 |work=[[AdWeek]] |date=November 3, 1997 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> Ogilvy & Mather repaid $1.8 million to the government to settle a civil suit based on the same billing issues.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://adage.com/article/news/shona-seifert-sentenced-18-months-prison/46288/ |title=SHONA SEIFERT SENTENCED TO 18 MONTHS IN PRISON|author= Matthew Creamer|publisher=[[Advertising Age]] |date =July 14, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url =http://adage.com/article/news/thomas-early-sentenced-14-months-prison/46276/ |title=THOMAS EARLY SENTENCED TO 14 MONTHS IN PRISON|author= Matthew Creamer|publisher=[[Advertising Age]] |date =July 13, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/463584/|title= Ad executives lose fraud case|author= James Hamilton|publisher=[[Campaign (magazine)]] |date = February 25, 2005}}</ref>

Miles Young became Worldwide CEO in January 2009 after leading the company's [[Asia-Pacific]] division for 13 years. Lazarus remained chairman until 2012, when Young succeeded her.<ref name=Oxfeld15>{{cite news |title=Ogilvy CEO Miles Young to Step Down, Become Oxford Administrator Global chief returns to his alma mater |author= Jesse Oxfeld and Andrew McMains |url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/ogilvy-ceo-miles-young-step-down-become-oxford-administrator-165392 |work=[[AdWeek]] |date=June 17, 2015 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> Under Young's leadership, the agency focused on a "Twin Peaks" strategy of producing advertisements that are equally creative and effective. <ref name=AdvertisingAge12>{{cite news |title=Five Pre-Cannes Questions With Ogilvy CCO Tham Khai Meng |author= |url=http://adage.com/article/special-report-cannes-2012/pre-cannes-questions-ogilvy-cco-tham-khai-meng/233450/ |work=[[Advertising Age]] |date=March 22, 2012 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> New business was also Young's priority. The agency secured new global accounts with companies including [[United Parcel Service|UPS]], [[Philips]], [[S. C. Johnson & Son|S.C. Johnson]], and [[InterContinental Hotels Group|IHG]]. <ref name=OLeary13>{{cite news |title=Ogilvy Chief Miles Young Is Busy Reinventing a Troubled Agency |author=Noreen O'Leary |url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/ogilvy-chief-miles-young-busy-reinventing-troubled-agency-147621?page=3 |work=[[AdWeek]] |date=March 3, 2013 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=Farey10>{{cite news |title=InterContinental hands Ogilvy global customer marketing business |author=Daniel Farey-Jones |url=http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/intercontinental-hands-ogilvy-global-customer-marketing-business/996526 |work=[[Campaign (magazine)|Campaign]] |date=April 14, 2010 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>

In 2010, the agency established OgilvyRED, a specialty strategic consultancy.<ref name=OLeary13/> In June 2013, OgilvyAction, the agency's [[Marketing activation|activation]] unit, merged with other WPP-owned properties G2 Worldwide and JWTAction to form Geometry Global, an activation network that operates in 56 markets.<ref name=Nias13>{{cite news |title=WPP merges G2, OgilvyAction and JWTAction to form Geometry Global |author=Simon Nias |url=http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/wpp-merges-g2-ogilvyaction-jwtaction-form-geometry-global/1187321 |work=[[Campaign (magazine)|Campaign]] |date=June 21, 2013 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> Ogilvy's production division, RedWorks Worldwide, merged with production company [[Hogarth Worldwide]] forming Hogarth & Ogilvy in March 2015 to serve the production needs of all of WPP's agencies.<ref name=Low15>{{cite news |title=WPP creates global production unit, merging Ogilvy’s RedWorks with Hogarth |author=Elizabeth Low |url=http://www.marketing-interactive.com/wpp-creates-global-production-unit-merging-ogilvys-redworks-hogarth/ |work=[[Marketing (magazine)|Marketing]] |date=April 14, 2015 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>

The agency was named both the [[Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity|Cannes Lions]] "Network of the Year" and [[Clio Awards|CLIO]] “Network of the Year” for four consecutive years, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015.<ref name=OLeary15>{{cite news |title=Inside Grey's Global Sweep of 113 Lions at Cannes 18 offices won, nearly double the amount in 2014 |author=Noreen O'Leary |url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/inside-greys-global-sweep-113-lions-cannes-165659 |work=[[AdWeek]] |date=June 30, 2015 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=Kapoor15>{{cite news |title=Ogilvy & Mather Wins Network of the Year at 2015 CLIO Awards |author=Anisha Kapoor |url=https://brandingforum.org/news/ogilvy-mather-wins-network-of-the-year-at-2015-clio-awards/ |work=World Branding Forum |date=October 2, 2015 |accessdate=6 November 2015}}</ref> It was also named [[Effie Award|Effies]] "World’s most Effective Agency Network" in both 2012 and 2013.<ref name=OLeary13/><ref name=Effie13>{{cite press release |title=2013 Effie Effectiveness Index |url=https://www.effie.org/press_room/21/detail |publisher=Effie Worldwide |date=June 20, 2013 |accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>

Ogilvy Public Relations in China faced accusations in the media of overworking a 24-year-old employee who died of a heart attack while in the office in May 2013. The claims were not confirmed.<ref name=Beattie13>{{cite news |title=Overworked? 24-Year-Old Ogilvy China Staffer Dies After Heart Attack at Desk |author=Anita Chang Beattie |url=http://adage.com/article/global-news/young-ogilvy-china-staffer-s-death-raises-issue-overwork/241500/ |work=[[Advertising Age]] |date=May 16, 2013 |accessdate=4 December 2015}}</ref>

In June 2015, Young announced he would retire as both Worldwide chairman and CEO in the second half of 2016 to take the position of Warden at his alma mater, New College at Oxford University.<ref name=Oxfeld15/>


==Services==
==Services==
Line 91: Line 163:
* [[David Ogilvy (businessman)|David Ogilvy]]
* [[David Ogilvy (businessman)|David Ogilvy]]
* [[WPP plc]]
* [[WPP plc]]

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |title=The King of Madison Avenue: David Ogilvy and the Making of Modern Advertising |author=Kenneth Roman |authorlink= |year=2009 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=[[New York City]] |isbn= |page= |pages=45-218 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EoD6c8hfv8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+king+of+madison+avenue&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAWoVChMI-_HgrJzHyAIVRR0-Ch0ZsAlw#v=onepage&q=the%20king%20of%20madison%20avenue&f=false |accessdate=7 October 2015}}


==References==
==References==
Line 97: Line 172:
==External links==
==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.ogilvy.com/ }}
* {{Official website|http://www.ogilvy.com/ }}

==Brands links==

=== International ===

* [http://www.neoogilvy.com Neo@Ogilvy]
* [http://www.neoogilvy.com Neo@Ogilvy]
* [http://www.ogilvyone.com OgilvyOne]
* [http://www.ogilvyone.com OgilvyOne]
=== Uruguay ===

* [http://www.puntoogilvy.com.uy Punto Ogilvy]
* [http://www.neoogilvy.uy Neo@Ogilvy Uruguay]


{{WPP}}
{{WPP}}

Revision as of 06:17, 12 December 2015

Ogilvy & Mather
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryAdvertising, Marketing, Public Relations
FoundedNew York, New York (1948)
FounderDavid Ogilvy
Headquarters
636 Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan),
New York, New York, 10036, USA
Key people
Miles Young, Worldwide Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Tham Khai Meng, Worldwide Chief Creative Officer
SubsidiariesOgilvy & Mather Advertising
Ogilvy CommonHealth
OgilvyOne
Ogilvy Public Relations
Geometry Global
Neo@Ogilvy
Websitewww.ogilvy.com

Ogilvy & Mather is a marketing company, and one of the largest in the world.

History

Foundation

The agency that would become Ogilvy & Mather got its start in London in 1850 when Edmund Charles Mather began an advertising agency on Fleet Street, the traditional location and current metonym of the British newspaper industry.[1] After Edmund's death in 1886, his son, Harley Lawrence Mather, partnered with Herbert Oakes Crowther and the agency became known as Mather & Crowther.[2] The agency pioneered newspaper advertising, which was in its infancy due to a loosening of tax restrictions. Mather & Crowther educated manufacturers about the efficacy of advertising and also produced "how-to" manuals for the nascent advertising industry.[2] The company grew in prominence in the 1920s after creating leading non-branded advertising campaigns such as "an apple a day keeps the doctor away" and "Drinka Pinta Milka Day".[3][2]

In 1921, Mather & Crowther hired Francis Ogilvy as a copywriter. Ogilvy eventually became the first non-family member to chair the agency. When the agency launched the Aga cooker, a Swedish cook stove, Francis composed letters in Greek to appeal to British public schools, the appliance's best sales leads. Francis also helped his younger brother, David Ogilvy, secure a position as an Aga salesman.[4] The younger Ogilvy was so successful at selling the cooker, he wrote a sales manual for the company in 1935 called “The Theory and Practice of Selling the Aga Cooker”. It was later called “probably the best sales manual ever written" by Fortune magazine.[5]

David Ogilvy sent the manual to Francis who was persuaded to hire him as a trainee. Ogilvy began studying advertising, particularly campaigns from America, which he viewed as the gold standard.[6] In 1938, David Ogilvy convinced Francis to send him to the United States on sabbatical to study American advertising.[7] After a year, Ogilvy presented 32 "basic rules of good advertising" to Mather & Crowther.[8] Over the next ten years, Ogilvy worked in research at the Gallup polling company, worked for British Intelligence during World War II, then spent a few years farming among the Amish community in Pennsylvania.[7]

In 1948, David Ogilvy proposed that Mather & Crowther and another U.K. agency, S.H. Benson, partner to create an American advertising agency in New York to support British advertising clients. The agencies each invested US$40,000 in the venture, but insisted Ogilvy find a more experienced American to run it. David Ogilvy recruited Anderson Hewitt from J. Walter Thompson to serve as president and run sales. Ogilvy would serve as secretary, treasurer, and research director. Along with their British sponsors, which held controlling interest, Hewitt mortgaged his house and invested $14,000 in the agency and Ogilvy invested $6,000.[9][10]

Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson & Mather

On September 23, 1948, David Ogilvy opened his U.S. shop as Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather on Madison Avenue in Manhattan.[11] Initially, Mather & Crowther and S.H. Benson gave the agency four clients that were relatively unknown in the U.S. and had small budgets, including Wedgwood China, British South African Airways, Guinness, and Bovril.[12]

The agency's first account was securing magazine advertising space for Wedgwood.[10] It had its first successful ad with Ogilvy's concept "The Guinness Guide to Oysters", which was followed by several other similar food and Guinness pairing guides.[13] Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather's first large client was Sunoco (then called Sun Oil), procured by Hewitt in February 1949.[11] Helena Rubinstein cosmetics was the first client won by Ogilvy.[14]

A breakthrough came after the agency was approached by Maine-based shirt manufacturer C. F. Hathaway Company. The company only had a small budget, but its president promised to "never change a word of copy."[15] In 1951, Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather introduced the "The man in the Hathaway shirt" campaign. The advertisement featured an aristocratic man in an eyepatch that Ogilvy purchased on the way to the ad's photo shoot. C. F. Hathaway Company sold out of shirts within a week of the first ad's printing. The campaign increased the shirt maker's sales by 160 percent, resulted in new business for Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather, and turned the recognizable "Hathaway Man" and his eyepatch into a popular cultural trope.[16][7]

In 1952, the agency launched a campaign for Schweppes using the beverage maker's U.S. president, Edward Whitehead, as company spokesman "Commander Whitehead".[10][17] The campaign increased sales by 600 percent in six months and grew from a single ad to a TV campaign that lasted through the 1960s.[17] That same year, Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather produced the "Come to Britain" campaign for the British Tourist Authority, which led to Britain rising from the fifth to first American tourist destination.[13]

Ogilvy, Benson & Mather

Disagreements between Hewitt and Ogilvy, particularly about creative direction and who should run the agency, resulted in Ogilvy's resignation in 1953.[11] The agency's backers supported Ogilvy, leading to Hewitt's resignation and the agency reopening as Ogilvy, Benson & Mather in 1954. Ogilvy hired retired Benton & Bowles executive Esty Stowell in 1956 to handle operations and non-creative functions.[18]

During the 1950s, Ogilvy, Benson & Mather became known for its successful campaigns, which David Ogilvy called "Big ideas". The agency, mainly through Ogilvy's creative direction, built a reputation for "quality" advertising, which was defined by its use of well-researched "long copy", large photographs, and clean layouts and typography. Ogilvy believed advertising's purpose was to sell through information and persuasion, as opposed to entertain.[7][19]

In 1955, Ogilvy created the Dove campaign "Dove is one-quarter cleansing cream–It creams your skin while you wash" after learning one of the bar's ingredients was also used in cold cream.[20] In 1956, the agency invented "Titus Moody" for Pepperidge Farm, a character which appeared in their commercials until the 1980s.[21][7] Ogilvy also helped change the perception of Puerto Rico and increase tourism through campaigns in the 1950s.[10][7]

Ogilvy produced one of the agency's most iconic ads for car manufacturer Rolls-Royce in 1960 with the headline "At 60 miles an hour the loudest noise in this new Rolls-Royce comes from the electric clock."[7] Ogilvy borrowed the headline from an old article he came across while researching the company. The rest of the copy included 11 engineering advantages of the vehicle. After it was printed, the ad was praised by other advertisers, and Ogilvy considered it his favorite.[22][18]

That same year, the agency nearly doubled in size and brought on John "Jock" Elliott as an executive after winning the Shell Oil account.[23] The agency agreed to work for Shell on a fee basis, rather than the traditional commission model, and became one of the first major advertising agencies to use the system.[24] The agency produced ads for the company that included the ingredients of its gasoline and explained their benefits.[25][18]

In the early 1960s, David Ogilvy's neighbor, American Express CEO Howard Clark approached him about taking on the account, but Stowell rejected the business as too small. Ogilvy signed American Express while Stowell was on vacation. Other major clients of the 1960s included Sears Roebuck and General Foods.[26]

In 1963, David Ogilvy published Confessions of an Advertising Man, which became an international best-seller and increased Ogilvy's public profile.[18][10]

Ogilvy & Mather

As a reaction to the growth of international advertising, Ogilvy, Benson & Mather formed an equal partnership with Mather & Crowther in 1964.[18] The two agencies became subsidiaries of a new parent company called Ogilvy & Mather, which was headquartered in New York. In 1965, both changed their names to Ogilvy & Mather and the parent company became known as Ogilvy & Mather International inc.[11] Jock Elliott took over as chairman of U.S. operations from David Ogilvy, who remained chairman of Ogilvy & Mather International and became creative director. As a stipulation of the merger, the company went public on April 27, 1966. It was the first advertising agency to go public on both New York and London Stock Exchange.[27][28][18]

In 1969, Ogilvy & Mather became the first ad agency to work with The Hershey Company, after it began national advertisements.[29] In 1971, the agency launched Merrill Lynch's "Bullish on America" campaign. In 1979, it won business from TWA, the agency’s largest account win in the United States at the time.[13] The agency also launched several popular campaigns for American Express throughout the 1970s, including advertisements with the headline "Do you know me?" featuring famous names with unrecognizable faces and the slogan "Don't leave home without it". The gains American Express made through advertising led to the company becoming the agency's biggest client by the 1980s.[11][30]

During the 1970s, Ogilvy & Mather acquired numerous other agencies, including S.H. Benson, one of its original sponsors, in 1971, Scali, McCabe, Sloves in 1976, and Cone & Weber in 1977.[11] One of the acquisitions, Hodes-Daniel, resulted in the establishment of the agency's direct response service called Ogilvy & Mather Direct in 1976. It was renamed OgilvyOne Worldwide in 1997.[13] The agency's growth through acquisitions was not led by Ogilvy, who feared the differing philosophies of the acquired agencies would undermine Ogilvy & Mather's culture and advertising beliefs, which he called the "True Church".[31][32] After moving permanently to his French castle Château de Touffou in 1973, David Ogilvy stepped down as chairman and became Worldwide Creative Head in 1975. Jock Elliott was named chairman and CEO of Ogilvy & Mather International.[28][33]

1980s

The agency opened its public relations division, Ogilvy & Mather Public Relations, in 1980.[34]

Jock Elliott retired as chairman and was succeeded by William Phillips in 1982.[35][28] The next year, Ogilvy & Mather established the Interactive Marketing Group and became the first major agency to establish an interactive capability.[36][37] In December of 1983, David Ogilvy retired as Creative Head.[38]

In 1985, Ogilvy & Mather International was renamed as The Ogilvy Group inc. The group included three divisions: Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, a new name for all Ogilvy & Mather offices including Ogilvy & Mather Direct and Ogilvy & Mather Public Relations; Scali McCabe Sloves Group; and several independent associate agencies, such as Cole & Weber. Kenneth Roman, president of Ogilvy & Mather U.S., was named president of Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide.[39] He was promoted to chairman of Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide in 1987 and became chairman of Ogilvy Group in 1988, succeeding Phillips.[35]

In 1989, WPP plc, a British advertising holding company, acquired Ogilvy Group for $864 million, which, at the time, was the most ever paid for an advertising agency. David Ogilvy initially resisted the sale, but eventually accepted the title of WPP honorary chairman, a position he relinquished in 1992.[40][41]

Following the departure of Roman for American Express in 1989, Graham Phillips became the chairman and CEO of Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide.[42]

1990s

In 1992, Charlotte Beers replaced Graham Phillips as chairman and CEO of Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide. Philips remained vice chairman. Beers was recruited from agency Tatham, Laird & Kudner and was the first "outsider" to lead the agency.[43] She was also the first woman to lead a major international agency.[44] Beers introduced the concept of "brand stewardship" to the agency, a philosophy of brand-building over time.[45] She is also credited with helping Ogilvy & Mather bring in new business after a downturn.[44]

In 1994, then-North America president Shelly Lazarus and Beers helped win the entire global account of technology corporation IBM for the agency.[45] Worth an estimated $500 million in billings, it was the largest account shift in the history of advertising.[44]

After four years, Beers stepped down as CEO.[44] Lazarus, a 23-year veteran of the agency, was appointed CEO in 1996 and became chairman the next year.[45] It was the first time a woman succeeded another woman at a major agency.[44] Lazarus further developed Beer's brand stewardship approach by introducing "360 degree branding", the idea of communicating a brand message at every touchpoint the brand has with people.[46][45]

David Ogilvy died at age 88, at his home in Touffou in July 1999.[7]

2000s to present

In 2004, Ogilvy & Mather launched Dove's Campaign for Real Beauty, a long-running series of videos, advertisements, and other marketing initiatives focused on "redefining beauty".[47]

In 2005, Shona Seifert and Thomas Early, two former directors of Ogilvy & Mather, were convicted of one count of conspiring to defraud the government and nine counts of filing false claims for Ogilvy over-billing advertising work done for the U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy account. The agency was hired by the ONDCP in 1998 to create anti-drug ads aimed at adolescents.[48] At the time, it was the largest social marketing contract in history.[49] Ogilvy & Mather repaid $1.8 million to the government to settle a civil suit based on the same billing issues.[50][51][52]

Miles Young became Worldwide CEO in January 2009 after leading the company's Asia-Pacific division for 13 years. Lazarus remained chairman until 2012, when Young succeeded her.[53] Under Young's leadership, the agency focused on a "Twin Peaks" strategy of producing advertisements that are equally creative and effective. [54] New business was also Young's priority. The agency secured new global accounts with companies including UPS, Philips, S.C. Johnson, and IHG. [55][56]

In 2010, the agency established OgilvyRED, a specialty strategic consultancy.[55] In June 2013, OgilvyAction, the agency's activation unit, merged with other WPP-owned properties G2 Worldwide and JWTAction to form Geometry Global, an activation network that operates in 56 markets.[57] Ogilvy's production division, RedWorks Worldwide, merged with production company Hogarth Worldwide forming Hogarth & Ogilvy in March 2015 to serve the production needs of all of WPP's agencies.[58]

The agency was named both the Cannes Lions "Network of the Year" and CLIO “Network of the Year” for four consecutive years, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015.[59][60] It was also named Effies "World’s most Effective Agency Network" in both 2012 and 2013.[55][61]

Ogilvy Public Relations in China faced accusations in the media of overworking a 24-year-old employee who died of a heart attack while in the office in May 2013. The claims were not confirmed.[62]

In June 2015, Young announced he would retire as both Worldwide chairman and CEO in the second half of 2016 to take the position of Warden at his alma mater, New College at Oxford University.[53]

Services

Subsidiary, Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide (OPR) is a global public relations agency with specialties in consumer marketing, corporate, healthcare, technology, social Marketing, public affairs and 360 degree digital influence. OPR operates 69 offices in locations throughout the world.[63]

Ogilvy Public Relations has its own wholly owned subsidiaries: Mind Resource was acquired in 2011 Hong Kong-based healthcare communications firm Mind Resource Healthcare Consulting Limited.[citation needed] Feinstein Kean Healthcare established in 1987, the firm employs a variety of specialists, including business and brand strategists, marketers, policy and advocacy experts, digital and social media influencers, science writers and editors, communication planners and creative professionals.[citation needed] In 2005, Ogilvy PR acquired all-Republican lobbying firm The Federalist Group LLC.[64] The company subsequently became bipartisan,[65] and its name was changed to Ogilvy Government Relations.[citation needed] In 2010 Ogilvy Government Relations became a wholly owned subsidiary of Ogilvy & Mather. OGR had a total lobbying income of over $21 million in 2009.[citation needed] OGR was named a Top 10 financial services lobbying firm in the 2010 regulatory reform debate.[66]

The OgilvyCulture division was formed in late 2010 and early 2011 to market products across different cultures.[67] Social@Ogilvy and Ogilvy Youth divisions were started in 2012 to provide social media and youth marketing services, respectively.[68]

Subsidiary Ogilvy Public Relations (OPR) is a global public relations agency with its own wholly owned subsidiaries:

  • Mind Resource: Acquired in 2011 Hong Kong-based healthcare communications firm Mind Resource Healthcare Consulting Limited. Founded in 2007, Mind Resource is a healthcare communications firm.[citation needed]
  • Feinstein Kean Healthcare: Established in 1987, Feinstein Kean Healthcare

A former subsidiary, Dudley-Anderson-Yutzy, was acquired by the company in 1983 and folded into the OPR practice in 1988.

Notable campaigns

The 2013 Google India advertisement (created by Ogilvy & Mather India) Reunion (about the Partition of India) has had a strong impact in both India and Pakistan, leading to hope for the easing of travel restrictions between the two countries.[69][70][71] It went viral[72][73] and was viewed more than 1.6 million times before officially debuting on television on November 15, 2013.[74] In 2004 when a reportedly discarded video advertisement for the Ford SportKa hatchback began spreading virally via email. The 40-second video, which shows a lifelike computer-generated cat being decapitated by the car's sunroof was apparently rejected by Ford, but still made its way onto the internet, leading to criticisms from bloggers and animal rights groups.[75]

In 2014, Ogilvy & Mather apologized following complaints about the racial implications of an advertisement it created for a South African charity. The advertisement portrayed a black boy being fed like a dog by a white woman.[76]

See also

Bibliography

  • Kenneth Roman (2009). The King of Madison Avenue: David Ogilvy and the Making of Modern Advertising. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 45–218. Retrieved 7 October 2015.

References

  1. ^ Matt Creamer (April 29, 2013). "Who Was Mather? Meet the Lesser-Known Men Behind Famous Agency Names Granted Immortality Regardless of Contribution". Advertising Age. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Roman 2009, p. 45
  3. ^ Winston Fletcher (2008). Powers of Persuasion: The Inside Story of British Advertising 1951-2000. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 45–46. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  4. ^ Roman 2009, p. 48
  5. ^ Myrna Oliver (July 22, 1999). "David Ogilvy; Legendary Figure of the Ad Industry". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  6. ^ Roman 2009, pp. 56–58
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Constance Hays (July 22, 1999). "David Ogilvy, 88, Father of Soft Sell In Advertising, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  8. ^ Roman 2009, p. 62
  9. ^ Roman 2009, p. 84
  10. ^ a b c d e Fred Danzig (July 26, 1999). "David Ogilvy: The Last Giant - Creative Titan: Legendary Adman Revered for Humanity". Advertising Age. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d e f "Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide". Advertising Age. September 15, 1999. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  12. ^ Roman 2009, p. 85
  13. ^ a b c d Ninart Lui (January 5, 2009). "Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide 60th Anniversary". DesignTAXI. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  14. ^ Roman 2009, p. 87
  15. ^ Roman 2009, p. 89
  16. ^ Roman 2009, p. 90
  17. ^ a b Roman 2009, p. 92
  18. ^ a b c d e f John McDonough (September 21, 1998). "Ogilvy & Mather at 50 -- The 'House that David built' still lives by his precepts: 3 of 4". Advertising Age. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  19. ^ Roman 2009, p. 125
  20. ^ Roman 2009, p. 98
  21. ^ Joann Klimkiewicz (July 29, 2004). "`Peppridge Faahm' Pitchman Remembered". Hartford Courant. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  22. ^ Roman 2009, p. 114
  23. ^ Roman 2009, p. 134
  24. ^ "Fee System". adage.com. Advertising Age. September 15, 2003. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  25. ^ Roman 2009, p. 135
  26. ^ Roman 2009, p. 137
  27. ^ Roman 2009, p. 182
  28. ^ a b c Lisa Sanders (October 31, 2005). "Former Ogilvy Chairman Jock Elliott Dead at 84". Advertising Age. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  29. ^ John Luciew (June 24, 2013). "Hollywood gets Hershey's marketing history mostly right in 'Mad Men' finale". The Patriot-News. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  30. ^ Roman 2009, p. 136
  31. ^ Roman 2009, pp. 146, 164
  32. ^ Michael Wolff (June 13, 2011). "The First (and Last) Adman". AdWeek. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  33. ^ Roman 2009, p. 163
  34. ^ Philip H. Dougherty (September 20, 1983). "Ogilvy & Mather Forms Public Relations Unit". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  35. ^ a b Julia Flynn Siler (February 8, 1988). "Advertising; An Orderly Succession At Ogilvy". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  36. ^ "Talk to The Times: Martin A. Nisenholtz". The New York Times. March 8, 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  37. ^ "Plugging into Interactive Early on Ogilvy & Mather Martin Nisenholtz". Advertising Age. September 12, 1994. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  38. ^ Jeffrey Sonnenfeld (1988). The Hero's Farewell: What Happens When CEOs Retire. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  39. ^ Philip H. Dougherty (January 28, 1985). "Advertising;Changes Planned At Ogilvy". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  40. ^ Randall Rothenberg (May 16, 1989). "WPP's Bid Is Accepted By Ogilvy". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  41. ^ Roman 2009, p. 190
  42. ^ Roman 2009, p. 192
  43. ^ Roman 2009, p. 218
  44. ^ a b c d e Stuart Elliott (September 9, 1996). "From One Woman to Another, Ogilvy & Mather Is Making History". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  45. ^ a b c d "Lazarus, Rochelle "Shelly"". Advertising Age. September 15, 2003. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  46. ^ Robert Reiss (March 1, 2010). "How Philanthropy Builds A Brand". Forbes. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  47. ^ Nina Bahadur (January 21, 2014). "Dove 'Real Beauty' Campaign Turns 10: How A Brand Tried To Change The Conversation About Female Beauty". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  48. ^ Stuart Elliott (February 23, 2005). "Billing Convictions Set Off Shudders on Madison Ave". The New York Times.
  49. ^ Nora Fitzgerald (November 3, 1997). "Media Agencies: A Social Contract". AdWeek. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
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External links

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