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A cercle is the second level administrative unit in Mali. Mali is divided into eight régions and one capital district (Bamako); the régions are subdivided into 49 cercles. These subdivisions bear the name of their principal city.

During French colonial rule in Mali, a cercle was the smallest unit of French political administration that was headed by a European officer. A cercle consisted of several cantons, each of which in turn consisted of several villages. In 1887 the Cercle of Bafoulabé was the first cercle to be created in Mali. In most of former French West Africa, the term cercle was changed to Prefecture or Department after independence, but this was not done in Mali.

Some cercles (and the district) were, prior to the 1999 local government reorganisation, further divided into Arrondissements, especially in urban areas or the vast northern regions (such as Kidal), which consisted of a collection of Communes. Since these reforms, cercles are now directly subdivided into rural and urban communes, which in turn are divided in Quartiers (Quarters, or Villages and encampments in rural areas) which have elected councils at each level.^[1] There are 703 communes, 36 urban communes (including 6 in Bamako District) and 667 rural communes.^[2] The cercles are listed below.

Bamako Capital District

Bamako

References

^ La Délégation Générale aux Elections, Government of Mali: database of all registered electors in Mali (2007), includes a hierarchical list of every cercle, commune, and quarter in the nation.
^ Loi N°99-035/ Du 10 Aout 1999 Portant Creation des Collectivites Territoriales de Cercles et de Regions (PDF) (in French), Ministère de l'Administration Territoriales et des Collectivités Locales, République du Mali, 1999.

MATCL - Ministère de l'Administration Territoriale et des Collectivités Locales: government of the Republic Mali.
Mali
Maplibrary: vector maps of national subdivisions of Mali.
Regions, Cercles and Places in Mali, African Development Information Services Database. Contains listing of Arrondissements under each Cercle page, as well as some Communes and places of interest in each Cercle.

Colonial usage

Benton, Lauren: Colonial Law and Cultural Difference: Jurisdictional Politics and the Formation of the Colonial State in Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Jul., 1999)
Crowder, Michael: West Africa Under Colonial Rule Northwestern Univ. Press (1968) ASIN: B000NUU584
Crowder, Michael: Indirect Rule: French and British Style Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Jul., 1964)
Mortimer, Edward France and the Africans, 1944–1960, A Political History (1970)
Jean Suret-Canele. French Colonialism in Tropical Africa 1900-1945. Trans. Pica Press (1971)

[1] La Délégation Générale aux Elections, Government of Mali: database of all registered electors in Mali (2007), includes a hierarchical list of every cercle, commune, and quarter in the nation.

[2] Loi N°99-035/ Du 10 Aout 1999 Portant Creation des Collectivites Territoriales de Cercles et de Regions (PDF) (in French), Ministère de l'Administration Territoriales et des Collectivités Locales, République du Mali, 1999.

[1]

[2]

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+[[Image:Mali cercles.png|thumb|Cercles of Mali]]
 {{Politics of Mali}}
+A '''cercle''' is the second level administrative unit in [[Mali]]. Mali is divided into eight [[Regions of Mali|''régions'']] and one capital district ([[Bamako]]); the ''régions'' are subdivided into 49 ''cercles''. These subdivisions bear the name of their principal city.
-[[Image:Mali cercles.png|thumb|left|350px|Cercles of Mali]]
-<br clear=left/>
-The [[regions of Mali]] are subdivided into 50 [[Cercle]]s. These are listed below, by region:
+During [[France|French]] colonial rule in [[Mali]], a cercle was the smallest unit of French political administration that was headed by a [[European ethnic groups|European]] officer. A cercle consisted of several cantons, each of which in turn consisted of several villages. In 1887 the Cercle of [[Bafoulabé]] was the first cercle to be created in Mali. In most of former [[French West Africa]], the term ''cercle'' was changed to [[Prefecture]] or [[Department (country subdivision)|Department]] after independence, but this was not done in Mali.
-==[[Bamako|Bamako District]]==
-[[Image:Bamako cercle.png|thumb|right|250px|Bamako cercle]]
+Some cercles (and the district) were, prior to the 1999 local government reorganisation, further divided into [[Arrondissements of Mali|Arrondissements]], especially in urban areas or the vast northern regions (such as [[Kidal]]), which consisted of a collection of Communes. Since these reforms, cercles are now directly subdivided into rural and urban communes, which in turn are divided in ''Quartiers'' (Quarters, or Villages and encampments in rural areas) which have elected councils at each level.<ref>[http://www.dgemali.net/consulte/consulte.php La Délégation Générale aux Elections, Government of Mali:] database of all registered electors in Mali (2007), includes a hierarchical list of every cercle, commune, and quarter in the nation.</ref> There are 703 [[Communes of Mali|communes]], 36 ''urban communes'' (including 6 in Bamako District) and 667 ''rural communes''.<ref>{{citation|year=1999| title= Loi N°99-035/ Du 10 Aout 1999 Portant Creation des Collectivites Territoriales de Cercles et de Regions |publisher=Ministère de l'Administration Territoriales et des Collectivités Locales, République du Mali | url=http://www.matcl.gov.ml/PDF/LoiCreationCercleReg.pdf | language=French }}.</ref> The cercles are listed below.
+==[[Bamako|Bamako Capital District]]==
+[[Image:Bamako cercle.png|thumb|right|250px|[[Bamako]] district]]
 *[[Bamako]]
 {{clear}}
 ==[[Gao Region]]==
-[[Image:Gao cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of Gao]]
+[[Image:Gao cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of [[Gao Region]]]]
-*[[Ansongo]]
+*[[Ansongo Cercle]]
-*[[Bourem]]
+*[[Bourem Cercle]]
-*[[Gao]]
+*[[Gao Cercle]]
-*[[Menaka]]
+*[[Menaka Cercle]]
 {{clear}}
 ==[[Kayes Region]]==
-[[Image:Kayes cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of Kayes]]
+[[Image:Kayes cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of [[Kayes Region]]]]
-*[[Bafoulabe]]
+*[[Bafoulabé Cercle]]
-*[[Diema]]
+*[[Diema Cercle]]
-*[[Kita]]
+*[[Kita Cercle]]
-*[[Kenieba]]
+*[[Kéniéba Cercle]]
-*[[Kayes]]
+*[[Kayes Cercle]]
-*[[Nioro]]
+*[[Nioro du Sahel Cercle]]
-*[[Yelimane]]
+*[[Yélimané Cercle]]
 {{clear}}
 ==[[Kidal Region]]==
-[[Image:Kidal cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of Kidal]]
+[[Image:Kidal cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of [[Kidal Region]]]]
-*[[Abeibara]]
+*[[Abeibara Cercle]]
-*[[Kidal]]
+*[[Kidal Cercle]]
-*[[Tin-Essako]]
+*[[Tessalit Cercle]]
-*[[Tessalit]]
+*[[Tin-Essako Cercle]]
 {{clear}}
 ==[[Koulikoro Region]]==
-[[Image:Koulikoro cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of Koulikoro]]
+[[Image:Koulikoro cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of [[Koulikoro Region]]]]
-*[[Banamba]]
+*[[Banamba Cercle]]
-*[[Dioila]]
+*[[Dioila Cercle]]
-*[[Kangaba]]
+*[[Kangaba Cercle]]
-*[[Koulikoro]]
+*[[Koulikoro Cercle]]
-*[[Kolokani]]
+*[[Kolokani Cercle]]
-*[[Kati]]
+*[[Kati Cercle]]
-*[[Nara]]
+*[[Nara Cercle]]
 {{clear}}
 ==[[Mopti Region]]==
-[[Image:Mopti cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of Mopti]]
+[[Image:Mopti cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of [[Mopti Region]]]]
-*[[Bandiagara]]
+*[[Bandiagara Cercle]]
-*[[Bankass]]
+*[[Bankass Cercle]]
-*[[Djenne]]
+*[[Djenné Cercle]]
-*[[Douentza]]
+*[[Douentza Cercle]]
-*[[Koro]]
+*[[Koro Cercle]]
-*[[Mopti]]
+*[[Mopti Cercle]]
-*[[Tenenkou]]
+*[[Tenenkou Cercle]]
-*[[Youwarou]]
+*[[Youwarou Cercle]]
 {{clear}}
 ==[[Ségou Region]]==
-[[Image:Segou cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of Segou]]
+[[Image:Segou cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of [[Segou Region]]]]
-*[[Bla]]
+*[[Bla Cercle]]
-*[[Baroueli]]
+*[[Barouéli Cercle]]
-*[[Macina]]
+*[[Macina Cercle]]
-*[[Niono]]
+*[[Niono Cercle]]
-*[[Segou]]
+*[[Ségou Cercle]]
-*[[San]]
+*[[San Cercle]]
-*[[Tominian]]
+*[[Tominian Cercle]]
 {{clear}}
 ==[[Sikasso Region]]==
-[[Image:Sikasso cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of Sikasso]]
+[[Image:Sikasso cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of [[Sikasso Region]]]]
-*[[Bougouni]]
+*[[Bougouni Cercle]]
-*[[Kolondieba]]
+*[[Kolondieba Cercle]]
-*[[Kadiolo]]
+*[[Kadiolo Cercle]]
-*[[Koutiala]]
+*[[Koutiala Cercle]]
-*[[Sikasso]]
+*[[Sikasso Cercle]]
-*[[Yanfolila]]
+*[[Yanfolila Cercle]]
-*[[Yorosso]]
+*[[Yorosso Cercle]]
 {{clear}}
 ==[[Tombouctou Region]]==
-[[Image:Tombouctou cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of Tombouctou]]
+[[Image:Tombouctou cercles.png|thumb|right|250px|Cercles of [[Tombouctou Region]]]]
-*[[Dire]]
+*[[Diré Cercle]]
-*[[Goundam]]
+*[[Goundam Cercle]]
-*[[Gourma-Rharous]]
+*[[Gourma-Rharous Cercle]]
-*[[Niafunke]]
+*[[Niafunke Cercle]]
-*[[Tombouctou]]
+*[[Timbuktu Cercle]]
 {{clear}}
 ==See also==
+*[[Arrondissements of Mali]]
 *[[Regions of Mali]]
+==References==
-[[Category:Geography of Mali]]
+{{Reflist}}
+*[http://www.matcl.gov.ml MATCL - Ministère de l'Administration Territoriale et des Collectivités Locales]: government of the Republic Mali.
+*[http://www.statoids.com/uml.html Mali]
+*[http://www.maplibrary.org/stacks/Africa/Mali/index.php Maplibrary: vector maps of national subdivisions of Mali].
+*[http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/ml01.html Regions, Cercles and Places in Mali], African Development Information Services Database.  Contains listing of Arrondissements under each Cercle page, as well as some Communes and places of interest in each Cercle.
+===Colonial usage===
+*Benton, Lauren: Colonial Law and Cultural Difference: Jurisdictional Politics and the Formation of the Colonial State in Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Jul., 1999)
+*Crowder, Michael: West Africa Under Colonial Rule Northwestern Univ. Press (1968) ASIN: B000NUU584
+*Crowder, Michael: Indirect Rule: French and British Style Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Jul., 1964)
+*Mortimer, Edward France and the Africans, 1944–1960, A Political History (1970)
+*Jean Suret-Canele. French Colonialism in Tropical Africa 1900-1945. Trans. Pica Press (1971)
+{{Cercles of Mali}}
+{{Africa administrative divisions second level}}
+{{Mali topics}}
+[[Category:Cercles of Mali| ]]
-{{Mali-stub}}
+[[Category:Subdivisions of Mali]]
+[[Category:Lists of country subdivisions|Mali, Cercles]]
+[[Category:Country subdivisions of Africa|Mali 2]]
+[[Category:Second-level administrative country subdivisions|Cercles, Mali]]
+[[Category:Mali geography-related lists]]

v t e Cercles of Mali
Kayes Region	Bafoulabé Diéma Kita Kéniéba Kayes Nioro Yélimané
Koulikoro Region	Banamba Dioïla Kangaba Koulikoro Kolokani Kati Nara
Sikasso Region	Bongouni Kolondieba Kadiolo Koutiala Sikasso Yanfolila Yorosso
Ségou Region	Bla Barouéli Macina Niono Ségou San Tominian
Mopti Region	Bandiagara Bankass Djenné Douentza Koro Mopti Tenenkou Youwarou
Tombouctou Region	Diré Goundam Gourma-Rharous Niafunké Timbuktu
Gao Region	Ansongo Bourem Gao
Kidal Region	Abeïbara Kidal Tin-Essako Tessalit
Bamako Capital District	Bamako
Ménaka Region	Andéramboukane Inékar Cercle, Tidermène Cercle Menaka
Taoudénit Region	Achouratt Al-Ourche Araouane Boudje-Béha Foum-Alba Taoudénit