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Gangs in Canada are mostly present in the major urban areas of Canada, although their activities are not confined to large cities.

Ethnic breakdown of youth gangs

Police-reported ethnic breakdown of youth gang members^[1]

Canada

African Canadian/Black 25%, First Nations 22%, Caucasian 18%, East Indian 14%, East Asian 12%, Latino/Hispanic 6%, Middle Eastern/Arabic 3%

British Columbia

East Asian 37%, Caucasian/White 22%, East Indian 14%, First Nations 10%, Latino/Hispanic 8%, Middle Eastern/Arabic 5%, African Canadian/Black 5%

Alberta

First Nations 58%, Latino/Hispanic 33%, Caucasian/White 8%

Saskatchewan

First Nations 96%, Caucasian/White 2%, Latino/Hispanic 2%

Manitoba

First Nations 58%, Caucasian/White 26%, African 9%, Hispanic 3%, East Indian 3%

Ontario

African Canadian/Black 36%,Caucasian/White 21%, East Indian 21%, East Asian 8%, Latino/Hispanic 6%, Middle Eastern/Arabic 4%, First Nations 4%

Quebec

African Canadian/Black 51%, Caucasian/White 21%, Latino/Hispanic 12%, East Asian 9%, Middle Eastern/Arabic 5%, East Indian 2%

Nova Scotia

African Canadian/Black 48%, Caucasian/White 47%, First Nations 9%

Types

The most prevalent gangs in Canada include:

Street gangs
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs
Mafias and Organized crime groups, including Aboriginal Based Organized Crime, Punjabi organized crime, and East Asian organized crime
Drug cartels

According to a 2004 police report, "The Hells Angels remain some of the largest and most powerful motorcycle gangs in the country, with growing influence in British Columbia and Ontario. Its presence has declined in other provinces due to police efforts, internal conflict and increased competition from other crime groups."^[2]^[3]

The same report stated that Aboriginal street gangs are not as highly organized as other criminal organizations in Canada, but are amongst the most violent. Aboriginal people also constitute a significant portion of prison populations throughout Canada, and the number of First Nation inmates continues to rise at a considerable rate.^[4] As of 2005 it is believed over 1000 Aboriginal youths were members of street gangs.^[5]

According to the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (CISC), "The established, well-financed and -connected Hong Kong Triad groups and crime syndicates remain, to our mind, the biggest long-term threat to Canadian law enforcement and society."^[6]

In addition to Triad Societies, other Asian criminal groups, such as The Big Circle Gang, have also established national networks based in the major cities of Canada.^[7]^[8]

The Indo-Canadian community has faced a wave of gang violence across the country especially in the Western province in British Columbia which has claimed the lives of 100 Indo-Canadian males since the 1990s to present day who are disapportinately from the Jat Sikh community. The Indo-Canadian community in BC has experienced a wave of gang and drug related crime- the kind not seen in any community in Canada before.^[9]

By city

Abbotsford

Known crime groups in Abbotsford involve Punjabi street gangs, various East Asian crime groups, motorcycle gangs, and multicultural street gangs.

However, there has been a gang conflict in the city mostly in West end part of the city in the Townhill Area. The gang conflict is between two South Asian gangs which involves 40 men in total between the ages of 15 to 25.^[10]

According to the Abbotsford Youth Crime Prevention Project has assessed groups of people deemed to be most vulnerable to becoming part of a gang in the city.^[11]

Calgary

Known crime groups in Calgary include Aboriginal street gangs, Aryan Nation groups, Chinese street gangs, Vietnamese gangs, Middle Eastern organized crime gangs,^[12] Pakistani/Kashmiri street gangs,^[13] and Punjabi street gangs,^[14] among others are Somali and Sudanese drug trafficking groups.^[15]

Between 2002-2009 there was a bloody gang war between two rival East Asian gangs the FK and FOB gangs which resulted in 25 gang related murders of not only East Asians but of gang members of European and (East) Indian descent.^[16] Disputes over the illegal distribution of fentanyl have broken out within the Middle Eastern community (with some being Lebanese).^[17] Similar to the Asian street gangs of the early 2000s, these are not therefore from exclusively one ethnicity.^[18]

Edmonton

Known crime groups in Edmonton have been identified as most being East Asian, Central European, Middle Eastern, and Central-East African across a similar broad social spectrum. Aboriginal and Somali youth seem to be the most vulnerable to be involved but not as noticeable as the aforementioned gangs above. With other ethnic groups involved in Edmonton as well.^[19]

However recently the arrival of Mexican drug traffickers, along with increased activity by outlaw motorcycle gangs, is changing the face of organized crime in Alberta especially in the major cities of Edmonton along with Calgary.^[20]

Halifax

Biker gangs have, at various points, played a major role in Halifax's crime scene, particularly during the 1980s and 1990s.^[21] However, a crackdown on biker gang activity throughout Eastern Canada, in the wake of the Quebec Biker War.^[22] Most biker gangs are composed of extended families or of close associates, providing little scope for recruitment or promotion from outside. The well-known Bloods and Crips have been part of Halifax's gang environment as well.^[22]

Hamilton

Hamilton was once home to organized crime figure Rocco Perri, so-called Canada's Al Capone, and Johnny Pops Papilia.^[23]

Montreal

Gangs in Montreal are mostly Caucasian (most Italian, French, Irish and Russian) but there are minority gangs which are mostly of Jamaican, Haitian, Hispanic, Asian, Sri Lankan, or Cambodian descent.^[24] United smaller street gangs made up of mostly youths are pocketed in different areas of the Montreal area, particularly in Montréal-Nord,^[25] Sud-Ouest, St-Michel, Parc-Extension,Ville Saint-Laurent(St-Low), West Island, St-François, Côte-des-Neiges, NDG, Rivière-des-Prairies and St-Léonard neighbourhoods.

Ottawa

In Ottawa, by the early twentieth-century, drive by shootings were rare and most gang activity involved narcotic distribution.^[26]^[27]

Saskatchewan

Adult gangs in Saskatchewan are almost entirely aboriginal based.^[28]^[29] The largest gang activity is in Regina and Saskatoon. There is also a branch of the Hells Angels in the province. Youth gangs are also almost entirely aboriginal based. Saskatchewan had the highest concentration of gang membership in Canada at 1.34 per 1000 in 2002^[28] There are possibly 108 street gangs for the Prairie region.^[5]^{[unreliable source?]}

Greater Toronto Area

Certain neighbourhoods in Toronto have experienced gang and organized crime activity^[30] including human trafficking,^[31] firearm trafficking, drug trafficking, robbery,^[32] and Mafia/mob activity,.^[33] A police survey found that most youth gangs in Ontario and the GTA are ethnically African/Caribbean, Caucasian/white, and South Asian/East Indian.^[1]

Although Toronto's murder rate remains low, there has been a recent rise in gun violence in the downtown core of the greater Toronto area.^[34] The two most focal incidents were the Boxing Day shooting, a shootout between rival gangs that resulted in the death of 15-year-old bystander Jane Creba on December 26, 2005 on Yonge Street, and a mall food court shooting at the Eaton Centre on June 2, 2012, which left two dead and injured seven others, including a 13-year-old boy. Hassan was considered to be the targeted victim and is considered to be gang-affiliated^[35] while others were considered innocent bystanders.

Brampton

Known crime groups in Brampton include mainly South Asian and Black gangs but there are a few White, Portuguese, and Filipino gangs in the city. For South Asian gang members in Brampton 80% were Punjabi, 15% Pakistani, 5% Tamil. Most areas are claimed by the Punjabi gangs. Racial tensions between gang members in the city are mostly between South Asians and Blacks with less extent with Afghans battling with Pakistanis.^[36]

Scarborough

There are dozens of tribes of gangs in Scarborough, but the most common ones that are seen are the Afghan street gangs, Tamil street gangs, Chinese street gangs, and West Indian (Caribbean) street gangs.^[37]

Metro Vancouver

According to law enforcement agencies, the most significant crime groups in Vancouver are the motorcycle gangs (such as the Hells Angels), East Asian street gangs (mostly Vietnamese drug gangs/Asian-Chinese Triads), and Indo-Canadian street gangs (majority Punjabi/Sikh), although others exist (mainly Eastern European, Persian, or Itailian Based groups, and quite often Aboriginal street gangs ^[38]) .^[3] However, in recent years, "multicultural" street gangs have grown significantly in power and prominence, and have attained much media attention due to their involvement in numerous shootings and slayings throughout the city,^[39]^[40]^[41] including the 2009 Vancouver gang war.

According to the Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit of British Columbia the ethnicities of people who died from a total of 160 gang related deaths in British Columbia between January 2006 to March 2014 were:^[42]

▸ Caucasian (74 victims; 46.3%)

▸ Indian (34 victims; 21.3%)

▸ East Asian (33 victims; 20.6%)

▸ Middle Eastern (10 victims; 6.3%)

▸ First Nations (6 victims; 3.8%)

▸ Hispanic (3 victims; 1.9%)

▸ African/Caribbean (0 victims; 0%)

Surrey

Gangs have operated in Surrey, leading to an increase in the murder rate, although this almost ceased; the police claimed this was because the perpetrators had left the country.^[43] Most gangs within the city today battle out in Surrey's Newton community, predominently but inexclusively amongst the South Asian community.^[44]

Burnaby

Criminal gangs in Burnaby are composed of elements of most ethnic groupings within Vancouver.^[45]

Winnipeg

Winnipeg's gang activity consists heavily of Aboriginal criminals, with a smaller number of other ethnic groups namely Filipino and African gangs; it has been described as the Aboriginal gang capital of Canada.^[46]

References

^ ^a ^b http://www.astwood.ca/assets/gangs_e.pdf
^ "Canadian news, entertainment, television, newspapers, free email and more". canada.com. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
^ ^a ^b "Asian gangs pose major threat, police report says". CBC News. 2004-08-20. Archived from the original on May 17, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ https://web.archive.org/20090502154419/http://www.afn.ca/cmslib/general/NAOs.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 2, 2009. Retrieved July 6, 2009. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b insideprison.com, May 2006. "Prison Gangs in Canada". Inside Prison. Retrieved 2011-06-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Lavigne, Yves. Teeth of the Dragon. Death Dealers: p. 104; 1999.
^ Chung, Alex (2008). "The big circle boys: Revisiting the case of the flaming eagles". Global Crime. 9 (4): 306–331. doi:10.1080/17440570802543540.
^ Wang, Peng (2011). "Vicious circles - Gang legacy of the Cultural Revolution". Jane's intelligence Review. 23 (08): 46–49.
^ Indo-Canadian Gangs: A history of organized crime in the Indo-Canadian community:
^ http://www.abbynews.com/news/329172081.html?mobile=true
^ "Abbotsford Youth Crime Prevention Project".
^ http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/calgary/calgary-police-eight-arrests-gang-shootings-1.3575246
^ http://www.metronews.ca/news/canada/2016/03/11/cp-newsalert-police-descend-on-muslim-cemetery-outside-calgary-after-shooting.html/
^ http://globalnews.ca/news/2557934/7-people-charged-in-calgary-guns-and-gangs-investigation/
^ http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/calgary/Programs+help+immigrant+youth+embrace+culture+avoid+path+crime/9944804/story.html
^ "Eight Years of Bloodshed".
^ http://calgaryherald.com/news/crime/fentanyl-trafficking-behind-recent-drug-violence-say-calgary-police
^ http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/calgary/calgary-police-gang-war-guns-violence-1.3364874
^ Mark Totten (2012). Nasty, Brutish, and Short: The lives of gang members in Canada. James Lorimer Limited, Publishers. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-4594-0039-9.
^ http://www.nationalpost.com/m/wp/blog.html?b=news.nationalpost.com//news/canada/biker-gangs-and-mexican-drug-traffickers-the-new-face-of-organized-crime-in-alberta-rcmp-commander
^ Julian Sher; William Marsden (2010). The Road to Hell: How the Biker Gangs are Conquering Canada. Knopf Canada. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-307-36586-6.
^ ^a ^b Mark Totten (2012). Nasty, Brutish, and Short: The lives of gang members in Canada. James Lorimer Limited, Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-4594-0039-9.
^ Jerry Langton (2010). Showdown: How the Outlaws, Hells Angels and Cops Fought for Control of the Streets. John Wiley & Sons. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-470-67878-7.
^ https://books.google.ca/books?id=6ZA2-JroF30C&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=ethnicity+of+gangs+in+canada&source=bl&ots=LkLEvaSDQH&sig=qjG48khpU87tuVxVtsoJh8Y_zVk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiP5NH3nozMAhVD92MKHWeXC3c4ChDoAQgYMAA#v=onepage&q=ethnicity%20of%20gangs%20in%20canada&f=true
^ Vincent Larouche (2009). "2008 Montréal-Nord sur le qui-vive (in French only)". Canoe.ca Info + Journal de Montréal. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
^ https://web.archive.org/20090524021127/http://www.ottawacitizen.com:80/Entertainment/Gang+member+gets+months+drive+shooting/1613974/story.html. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2009. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ nurun.com. "Not guilty verdict in drive-by shooting | Ottawa & Region | News". Ottawa Sun. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
^ ^a ^b Criminal Intelligence Service Saskatchewan (2005). "2005 Intelligence Trends: Aboriginal-based Gangs in Saskatchewan" (PDF). government of Canada. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 6, 2011. Retrieved 06-04-2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Native Syndicate". insideprison.com. 2007-01-21. Archived from the original on January 12, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Interactive: City of Toronto homicides and gang activity, 2008 to present". The Globe and Mail.
^ "Toronto gang targeted in country-wide human trafficking probe by police". 22 April 2015.
^ Katrina Clarke (28 May 2014). "Members of 'ruthless' rival gangs — Sick Thugz and Asian Assassins — arrested in guns and drugs raids - National Post". National Post.
^ "Mafia group top threat in GTA, RCMP says". thestar.com. 19 September 2012.
^ "Canadian cities largely safe but rising gun violence 'disturbing'". 18 July 2012.
^ Megan O'Toole (3 June 2012). "Toronto Eaton Centre gun slaying victim may have had gang connections, police suggest". National Post.
^ http://www.ikimap.com/map/brampton-indian-gangs
^ http://torontolife.com/city/the-scarborough-curse/
^ http://www.streetgangs.com/billboard/viewtopic.php?f=491&t=3667&start=32
^ "Vancouver Sun- Cash flies as rival gangs battle it out in a BC mall". Retrieved 2008-01-16.
^ "Smuggled guns fuelling B.C.'s gang problem". CTV News. 2009-02-28. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
^ "Who are The Red Scorpions?". Retrieved 2008-05-30.
^ http://www.blackpress.ca/pdfdownload4nationalsales/Combined_Forces_Special_Enforcement_Unit_CFSEU-BC_British_Columbia_BCs_Anti_Gang_Police_2014_Community_Report_On_Prevention_and_Public_Engagement.pdf
^ http://www.abbynews.com/national/vancouver/3462722423.html
^ http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-shootings-how-many-times-can-history-repeat-itself-1.3522289
^ http://www.vancouversun.com/touch/story.html?id=11485109
^ Heather A. Howard; Craig Proulx (2011). Aboriginal Peoples in Canadian Cities: Transformations and Continuities. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-55458-314-0.

External links

The Nature of Canadian Urban Gangs and their use of Firearms: A Review of the Literature and Police Survey - Department of Justice

[astwood.ca-1] ttp://www.astwood.ca/assets/gangs_e.pdf

[canada.com-2] "Canadian news, entertainment, television, newspapers, free email and more". canada.com. Retrieved 2011-06-06.

[cbc.ca-3] "Asian gangs pose major threat, police report says". CBC News. 2004-08-20. Archived from the original on May 17, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[4] ttps://web.archive.org/20090502154419/http://www.afn.ca/cmslib/general/NAOs.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 2, 2009. Retrieved July 6, 2009. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[by_insideprison.com,_May_2006-5] sideprison.com, May 2006. "Prison Gangs in Canada". Inside Prison. Retrieved 2011-06-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[6] Lavigne, Yves. Teeth of the Dragon. Death Dealers: p. 104; 1999.

[7] Chung, Alex (2008). "The big circle boys: Revisiting the case of the flaming eagles". Global Crime. 9 (4): 306–331. doi:10.1080/17440570802543540.

[8] Wang, Peng (2011). "Vicious circles - Gang legacy of the Cultural Revolution". Jane's intelligence Review. 23 (08): 46–49.

[9] Indo-Canadian Gangs: A history of organized crime in the Indo-Canadian community:

[10] ttp://www.abbynews.com/news/329172081.html?mobile=true

[11] "Abbotsford Youth Crime Prevention Project".

[12] ttp://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/calgary/calgary-police-eight-arrests-gang-shootings-1.3575246

[13] ttp://www.metronews.ca/news/canada/2016/03/11/cp-newsalert-police-descend-on-muslim-cemetery-outside-calgary-after-shooting.html/

[14] ttp://globalnews.ca/news/2557934/7-people-charged-in-calgary-guns-and-gangs-investigation/

[15] ttp://www.calgaryherald.com/news/calgary/Programs+help+immigrant+youth+embrace+culture+avoid+path+crime/9944804/story.html

[16] "Eight Years of Bloodshed".

[17] ttp://calgaryherald.com/news/crime/fentanyl-trafficking-behind-recent-drug-violence-say-calgary-police

[18] ttp://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/calgary/calgary-police-gang-war-guns-violence-1.3364874

[Totten2012b-19] Mark Totten (2012). Nasty, Brutish, and Short: The lives of gang members in Canada. James Lorimer Limited, Publishers. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-4594-0039-9.

[20] ttp://www.nationalpost.com/m/wp/blog.html?b=news.nationalpost.com//news/canada/biker-gangs-and-mexican-drug-traffickers-the-new-face-of-organized-crime-in-alberta-rcmp-commander

[SherMarsden2010a-21] Julian Sher; William Marsden (2010). The Road to Hell: How the Biker Gangs are Conquering Canada. Knopf Canada. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-307-36586-6.

[Totten2012a-22] Mark Totten (2012). Nasty, Brutish, and Short: The lives of gang members in Canada. James Lorimer Limited, Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-4594-0039-9.

[Langton2010-23] Jerry Langton (2010). Showdown: How the Outlaws, Hells Angels and Cops Fought for Control of the Streets. John Wiley & Sons. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-470-67878-7.

[24] ttps://books.google.ca/books?id=6ZA2-JroF30C&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=ethnicity+of+gangs+in+canada&source=bl&ots=LkLEvaSDQH&sig=qjG48khpU87tuVxVtsoJh8Y_zVk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiP5NH3nozMAhVD92MKHWeXC3c4ChDoAQgYMAA#v=onepage&q=ethnicity%20of%20gangs%20in%20canada&f=true

[mtlnord-25] Vincent Larouche (2009). "2008 Montréal-Nord sur le qui-vive (in French only)". Canoe.ca Info + Journal de Montréal. Retrieved 2009-05-17.

[26] ttps://web.archive.org/20090524021127/http://www.ottawacitizen.com:80/Entertainment/Gang+member+gets+months+drive+shooting/1613974/story.html. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2009. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[27] urun.com. "Not guilty verdict in drive-by shooting | Ottawa & Region | News". Ottawa Sun. Retrieved 2011-06-06.

[csis-28] Criminal Intelligence Service Saskatchewan (2005). "2005 Intelligence Trends: Aboriginal-based Gangs in Saskatchewan" (PDF). government of Canada. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 6, 2011. Retrieved 06-04-2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[29] "Native Syndicate". insideprison.com. 2007-01-21. Archived from the original on January 12, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[30] "Interactive: City of Toronto homicides and gang activity, 2008 to present". The Globe and Mail.

[31] "Toronto gang targeted in country-wide human trafficking probe by police". 22 April 2015.

[32] Katrina Clarke (28 May 2014). "Members of 'ruthless' rival gangs — Sick Thugz and Asian Assassins — arrested in guns and drugs raids - National Post". National Post.

[33] "Mafia group top threat in GTA, RCMP says". thestar.com. 19 September 2012.

[34] "Canadian cities largely safe but rising gun violence 'disturbing'". 18 July 2012.

[35] Megan O'Toole (3 June 2012). "Toronto Eaton Centre gun slaying victim may have had gang connections, police suggest". National Post.

[36] ttp://www.ikimap.com/map/brampton-indian-gangs

[37] ttp://torontolife.com/city/the-scarborough-curse/

[38] ttp://www.streetgangs.com/billboard/viewtopic.php?f=491&t=3667&start=32

[39] "Vancouver Sun- Cash flies as rival gangs battle it out in a BC mall". Retrieved 2008-01-16.

[40] "Smuggled guns fuelling B.C.'s gang problem". CTV News. 2009-02-28. Retrieved 2009-02-28.

[41] "Who are The Red Scorpions?". Retrieved 2008-05-30.

[42] ttp://www.blackpress.ca/pdfdownload4nationalsales/Combined_Forces_Special_Enforcement_Unit_CFSEU-BC_British_Columbia_BCs_Anti_Gang_Police_2014_Community_Report_On_Prevention_and_Public_Engagement.pdf

[43] ttp://www.abbynews.com/national/vancouver/3462722423.html

[44] ttp://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-shootings-how-many-times-can-history-repeat-itself-1.3522289

[45] ttp://www.vancouversun.com/touch/story.html?id=11485109

[HowardProulx2011a-46] Heather A. Howard; Craig Proulx (2011). Aboriginal Peoples in Canadian Cities: Transformations and Continuities. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-55458-314-0.

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@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 The Indo-Canadian community has faced a wave of gang violence across the country especially in the Western province in British Columbia which has claimed the lives of 100 Indo-Canadian males since the 1990s to present day who are disapportinately from the [[Jat Sikh]] community.  The Indo-Canadian community in BC has experienced a wave of gang and drug related crime- the kind not seen in any community in Canada before.<ref>[http://indocanadiangangs.blogspot.ca/2006/09/history-of-organized-crime-in-indo.html?m=1 Indo-Canadian Gangs: A history of organized crime in the Indo-Canadian community:<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
-==Gangs==
+==By city==
-===Prairies===
+===Abbotsford===
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs.  *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+Known crime groups in [[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]] involve Punjabi street gangs, various East Asian crime groups, motorcycle gangs, and multicultural street gangs.
+However, there has been a gang conflict in the city mostly in West end part of the city in the Townhill Area.  The gang conflict is between two South Asian gangs which involves 40 men in total between the ages of 15 to 25.<ref>http://www.abbynews.com/news/329172081.html?mobile=true</ref>
-Gangs seen in all three Prairie provinces are the [[Hells Angels]](most Whites), [[Indian Posse]], Native Syndicate, Redd Alert, [[Manitoba Warriors]] (all 4 Aboriginal), [[MS-13]] (Hispanic).
+According to the Abbotsford Youth Crime Prevention Project has assessed groups of people deemed to be most vulnerable to becoming part of a gang in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/bbtsfrd-yth-prvntn/index-eng.aspx|title=Abbotsford Youth Crime Prevention Project|publisher=}}</ref>
-<ref>http://www.insideprison.com/prison-gangs-canada.asp</ref>
+===Calgary===
-'''Alberta'''
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs.  *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+Known crime groups in [[Calgary]] include Aboriginal street gangs, Aryan Nation groups, Chinese street gangs, Vietnamese gangs, Middle Eastern organized crime gangs,<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/calgary/calgary-police-eight-arrests-gang-shootings-1.3575246</ref> Pakistani/Kashmiri street gangs,<ref>http://www.metronews.ca/news/canada/2016/03/11/cp-newsalert-police-descend-on-muslim-cemetery-outside-calgary-after-shooting.html/</ref> and Punjabi street gangs,<ref>http://globalnews.ca/news/2557934/7-people-charged-in-calgary-guns-and-gangs-investigation/</ref> among others are Somali and Sudanese drug trafficking groups.<ref>http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/calgary/Programs+help+immigrant+youth+embrace+culture+avoid+path+crime/9944804/story.html</ref>
+Between 2002-2009 there was a bloody gang war between two rival East Asian gangs the FK and FOB gangs which resulted in 25 gang related murders of not only East Asians but of gang members of European and (East) Indian descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaronshoulders.ca/eight-years-bloodshed.htm|title=Eight Years of Bloodshed|publisher=}}</ref> Disputes over the illegal distribution of fentanyl have broken out within the Middle Eastern community (with some being Lebanese).<ref>http://calgaryherald.com/news/crime/fentanyl-trafficking-behind-recent-drug-violence-say-calgary-police</ref> Similar to the Asian street gangs of the early 2000s, these are not therefore from exclusively one ethnicity.<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/calgary/calgary-police-gang-war-guns-violence-1.3364874</ref>
-'''Aboriginal'''
+===Edmonton===
--2 Bloodset
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+Known crime groups in [[Edmonton]] have been identified as most being East Asian, Central European, Middle Eastern, and Central-East African across a similar broad social spectrum.  Aboriginal and Somali youth seem to be the most vulnerable to be involved but not as noticeable as the aforementioned gangs above.  With other ethnic groups involved in Edmonton as well.<ref name="Totten2012b">{{cite book|author=Mark Totten|title=Nasty, Brutish, and Short: The lives of gang members in Canada|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HnGAvtxtugUC&pg=PA69|year=2012|publisher=James Lorimer Limited, Publishers|isbn=978-1-4594-0039-9|page=69}}</ref>
+However recently the arrival of Mexican drug traffickers, along with increased activity by outlaw motorcycle gangs, is changing the face of organized crime in Alberta especially in the major cities of Edmonton along with Calgary.<ref>http://www.nationalpost.com/m/wp/blog.html?b=news.nationalpost.com//news/canada/biker-gangs-and-mexican-drug-traffickers-the-new-face-of-organized-crime-in-alberta-rcmp-commander</ref>
-Deuce Killers
+===Halifax===
-Alberta Warriors
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+Biker gangs have, at various points, played a major role in Halifax's crime scene, particularly during the 1980s and 1990s.<ref name="SherMarsden2010a">{{cite book|author1=Julian Sher|author2=William Marsden|title=The Road to Hell: How the Biker Gangs are Conquering Canada|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ToCy5cH253YC&pg=PT115|year=2010|publisher=Knopf Canada|isbn=978-0-307-36586-6|page=115}}</ref> However, a crackdown on biker gang activity throughout Eastern Canada, in the wake of the [[Quebec Biker War]].<ref name="Totten2012a">{{cite book|author=Mark Totten|title=Nasty, Brutish, and Short: The lives of gang members in Canada|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HnGAvtxtugUC&pg=PA75|year=2012|publisher=James Lorimer Limited, Publishers|isbn=978-1-4594-0039-9|page=75}}</ref> Most biker gangs are composed of extended families or of close associates, providing little scope for recruitment or promotion from outside. The well-known [[Bloods]] and [[Crips]] have been part of Halifax's gang environment as well.<ref name="Totten2012a"/>
+===Hamilton===
-Blood Tribe
+Hamilton was once home to organized crime figure [[Rocco Perri]], so-called ''Canada's Al Capone'', and Johnny ''Pops'' Papilia.<ref name="Langton2010">{{cite book|author=Jerry Langton|title=Showdown: How the Outlaws, Hells Angels and Cops Fought for Control of the Streets|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9MIDKlXj60AC&pg=PA37|date= 2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-67878-7|page=37}}</ref>
+===Montreal===
-D-Block
+{{see also|Category:Organized crime in Montreal}}
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+Gangs in Montreal are mostly Caucasian (most Italian, French, Irish and Russian) but there are minority gangs which are mostly of Jamaican, Haitian, Hispanic, Asian, Sri Lankan, or Cambodian descent.<ref>https://books.google.ca/books?id=6ZA2-JroF30C&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=ethnicity+of+gangs+in+canada&source=bl&ots=LkLEvaSDQH&sig=qjG48khpU87tuVxVtsoJh8Y_zVk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiP5NH3nozMAhVD92MKHWeXC3c4ChDoAQgYMAA#v=onepage&q=ethnicity%20of%20gangs%20in%20canada&f=true</ref> United smaller street gangs made up of mostly youths are pocketed in different areas of the [[Greater Montreal Area|Montreal area]], particularly in [[Montréal-Nord]],<ref name="mtlnord">{{cite web |url=http://www.canoe.com/infos/dossiers/archives/2008/10/20081001-123136.html |title=2008 Montréal-Nord sur le qui-vive (in French only) |accessdate=2009-05-17 |year=2009 |publisher=Canoe.ca Info + Journal de Montréal |author=Vincent Larouche}}</ref> [[Le Sud-Ouest|Sud-Ouest]], [[Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension|St-Michel, Parc-Extension]],[[Saint-Laurent, Québec|Ville Saint-Laurent(St-Low)]], [[West Island]], [[Saint-François, Laval, Quebec|St-François]], [[Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce|Côte-des-Neiges, NDG]], [[Rivière-des-Prairies]] and [[St. Leonard, Quebec|St-Léonard]] neighbourhoods.
-East Side Players
+===Ottawa===
-Native Crips
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+In Ottawa, by the early twentieth-century, drive by shootings were rare and most gang activity involved narcotic distribution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/Gang+member+gets+months+drive+shooting/1613974/story.html |accessdate=June 11, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20090524021127/http://www.ottawacitizen.com:80/Entertainment/Gang+member+gets+months+drive+shooting/1613974/story.html |archivedate=May 24, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=nurun.com |url=http://www.ottawasun.com/news/ottawa/2009/05/26/9578706.html |title=Not guilty verdict in drive-by shooting &#124; Ottawa & Region &#124; News |publisher=Ottawa Sun |date= |accessdate=2011-06-06}}</ref>
+===Saskatchewan===
-Northside
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+Adult gangs in [[Saskatchewan]] are almost entirely aboriginal based.<ref name="csis">{{cite web|url=http://www.csgv.ca/counselor/assets/AboriginalGangsSask.pdf |title=2005 Intelligence Trends: Aboriginal-based Gangs in Saskatchewan |accessdate=06-04-2008 |year=2005 |publisher=government of Canada |author=Criminal Intelligence Service Saskatchewan |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20110706173944/http://www.csgv.ca/counselor/assets/AboriginalGangsSask.pdf |archivedate=July 6, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insideprison.com/PRISON_GANG_PROFILE_NS.ASP |title=Native Syndicate |accessdate=2008-01-21 |date=2007-01-21 |publisher=insideprison.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20080112055537/http://www.insideprison.com:80/prison_gang_profile_NS.asp |archivedate=January 12, 2008 }}</ref> The largest gang activity is in [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]] and [[Saskatoon]]. There is also a branch of the [[Hells Angels]] in the province. Youth gangs are also almost entirely aboriginal based. Saskatchewan had the highest concentration of gang membership in Canada at 1.34 per 1000 in 2002<ref name=csis/> There are possibly 108 street gangs for the [[Prairie Provinces|Prairie region]].<ref name="by insideprison.com, May 2006"/>{{unreliable source?|date=March 2016}}
+===Greater Toronto Area===
-Samson True Soldiers
+{{see also|Crime in Toronto}}
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+Certain neighbourhoods in [[Toronto]] have experienced gang and organized crime activity<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/interactive-city-of-toronto-homicides-and-gang-activity-2008-to-present/article4240673/|title=Interactive: City of Toronto homicides and gang activity, 2008 to present|work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> including human trafficking,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-gang-targeted-in-country-wide-human-trafficking-probe-by-police-1.3043787|title=Toronto gang targeted in country-wide human trafficking probe by police|date=22 April 2015|publisher=}}</ref> firearm trafficking, drug trafficking, robbery,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/toronto/police-storm-homes-across-toronto-in-pre-dawn-drugs-and-guns-raid|title=Members of ‘ruthless’ rival gangs — Sick Thugz and Asian Assassins — arrested in guns and drugs raids - National Post|author=Katrina Clarke|date=28 May 2014|work=National Post}}</ref> and Mafia/mob activity,.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/09/19/mafia_group_top_threat_in_gta_rcmp_says.html|title=Mafia group top threat in GTA, RCMP says|date=19 September 2012|work=thestar.com}}</ref> A police survey found that most youth gangs in Ontario and the GTA are ethnically African/Caribbean, Caucasian/white, and South Asian/East Indian.<ref name="astwood.ca"/>
+Although Toronto's murder rate remains low, there has been a recent rise in gun violence in the downtown core of the [[greater Toronto area]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canadian-cities-largely-safe-but-rising-gun-violence-disturbing-1.1129887|title=Canadian cities largely safe but rising gun violence ‘disturbing’|date=18 July 2012|publisher=}}</ref> The two most focal incidents were the [[Boxing Day shooting]], a shootout between rival gangs that resulted in the death of 15-year-old bystander [[Jane Creba]] on December 26, 2005 on [[Yonge Street]], and a [[Eaton centre shooting|mall food court shooting at the Eaton Centre]] on June 2, 2012, which left two dead and injured seven others, including a 13-year-old boy. Hassan was considered to be the targeted victim and is considered to be gang-affiliated<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/06/03/toronto-eaton-centre-gun-slaying-victim-had-gang-connections-police-say/|title=Toronto Eaton Centre gun slaying victim may have had gang connections, police suggest|author=Megan O'Toole|date=3 June 2012|work=National Post}}</ref> while others were considered innocent bystanders.
-'''East Asian'''
+===Brampton===
-Crazy Dragons (white members as well)
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+Known crime groups in [[Brampton]] include mainly South Asian and Black gangs but there are a few White, Portuguese, and Filipino gangs in the city.  For South Asian gang members in Brampton 80% were Punjabi, 15% Pakistani, 5% Tamil. Most areas are claimed by the Punjabi gangs. Racial tensions between gang members in the city are mostly between South Asians and Blacks with less extent with Afghans battling with Pakistanis.<ref>http://www.ikimap.com/map/brampton-indian-gangs</ref>
+===Scarborough===
-Crazy Dragon Killers
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+There are dozens of tribes of gangs in Scarborough, but the most common ones that are seen are the Afghan street gangs, Tamil street gangs, Chinese street gangs, and West Indian (Caribbean) street gangs.<ref>http://torontolife.com/city/the-scarborough-curse/</ref>
+===Metro Vancouver===
-Dream City (quite multi-ethnic also)
+{{see also|Category:Gangs in Vancouver}}
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+According to law enforcement agencies, the most significant crime groups in Vancouver are the motorcycle gangs (such as the Hells Angels), East Asian street gangs (mostly Vietnamese drug gangs/Asian-Chinese Triads), and Indo-Canadian street gangs (majority Punjabi/Sikh), although others exist (mainly Eastern European, Persian, or Itailian Based groups, and quite often Aboriginal street gangs <ref>http://www.streetgangs.com/billboard/viewtopic.php?f=491&t=3667&start=32</ref>) .<ref name="cbc.ca"/> However, in recent years, "multicultural" street gangs have grown significantly in power and prominence, and have attained much media attention due to their involvement in numerous shootings and slayings throughout the city,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=e5c14bd7-9fe5-4dc6-9db4-587f974b9408&k=12028 |title=Vancouver Sun- Cash flies as rival gangs battle it out in a BC mall |accessdate=2008-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20090228/gun_smuggling_090228/20090228?hub=TopStories |title=Smuggled guns fuelling B.C.'s gang problem |accessdate=2009-02-28 |publisher=[[CTV News]] |date=2009-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=7b023ad0-b103-4f8d-828c-718ada9f7f21 |title=Who are The Red Scorpions? |accessdate=2008-05-30}}</ref> including the [[2009 Vancouver gang war]].
+According to the Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit of British Columbia the ethnicities of people who died from a total of 160 gang related deaths in British Columbia between January 2006 to March 2014 were:<ref>http://www.blackpress.ca/pdfdownload4nationalsales/Combined_Forces_Special_Enforcement_Unit_CFSEU-BC_British_Columbia_BCs_Anti_Gang_Police_2014_Community_Report_On_Prevention_and_Public_Engagement.pdf</ref>
-Fresh Off the Boat
+▸ Caucasian (74 victims; 46.3%)
-Fresh Off the Boat Killers
+▸ Indian (34 victims; 21.3%)
-Krazy Cambodian Killers
+▸ East Asian (33 victims; 20.6%)
-Trang Gang
+▸ Middle Eastern (10 victims; 6.3%)
-Yellowheads
+▸ First Nations (6 victims; 3.8%)
-'''Black'''
+▸ Hispanic (3 victims; 1.9%)
-Clareview Crips
+▸ African/Caribbean (0 victims; 0%)
-Clippers
+===Surrey===
-Dixon Blood Crew
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+Gangs have operated in Surrey, leading to an increase in the murder rate, although this almost ceased; the police claimed this was because the perpetrators had left the country.<ref>http://www.abbynews.com/national/vancouver/3462722423.html</ref> Most gangs within the city today battle out in Surrey's Newton community, predominently but inexclusively amongst the South Asian community.<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-shootings-how-many-times-can-history-repeat-itself-1.3522289</ref>
+===Burnaby===
-Galloway Boys
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+Criminal gangs in [[Burnaby]] are composed of elements of most ethnic groupings within Vancouver.<ref>http://www.vancouversun.com/touch/story.html?id=11485109</ref>
+===Winnipeg===
-Kingsway Bloods
+<!-- *** DO NOT name gangs. *** Naming gangs will be deleted -->
+[[Winnipeg]]'s gang activity consists heavily of Aboriginal criminals, with a smaller number of other ethnic groups namely Filipino and African gangs; it has been described as the Aboriginal gang capital of Canada.<ref name="HowardProulx2011a">{{cite book|author1=Heather A. Howard|author2=Craig Proulx|title=Aboriginal Peoples in Canadian Cities: Transformations and Continuities|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VAraAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA178|date= 2011|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press|isbn=978-1-55458-314-0|page=178}}</ref>
-Jamestown Crew
-Mafia Crips
-Northend Jamaicans
-Southside Boys
-Westend Jamaicans
-'''White'''
-[[White Aryan Resistance]]
-Westside Kings
-Whiteboy Posse
-[[Russian Mafia]]
-[[Rebels Motorcycle Club (Canada]]
-'''Hispanic'''
-[[La Raza Nation]]
-Lawndale 13
-La Familia
-[[Sur 13]]
-'''South Asian'''
-Brown Town
-DK'Z
-[[Independent Soldiers]] (many White members as well)
-Millwoods Mafia
-Punjabi (Indo-Canadian) Mafia
-'''Middle Eastern'''
-Lebanese Mafia
-'''Unknown'''
-Boys N Tha Hood
-Dirty South
-Kids
-Kingpin Bloods
-Partners In Crime
-Pinky Crew
-Pretty Boy Mafia
 == See also ==

v t e Gangs in North America
Sovereign states	Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States
Dependencies and other territories	Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saba Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands

Revision as of 20:40, 2 June 2016

Ethnic breakdown of youth gangs

Canada

British Columbia

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Manitoba

Ontario

Quebec

Nova Scotia

Types

By city

Abbotsford

Calgary

Edmonton

Halifax

Hamilton

Montreal

Ottawa

Saskatchewan

Greater Toronto Area

Brampton

Scarborough

Metro Vancouver

Surrey

Burnaby

Winnipeg

See also

References

Further reading

External links