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===Festival===
===Festival===
[[Karam (festival)|Karam]] and [[Jivitputrika|Jitia]] are major festival celebrated among Nagpuri people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/talk-on-nagpuri-folk-music-at-ignca.html|title=talk on nagpuri folk music at ignca|website=daily Pioneer.com}}</ref> Other major festival are Asari, Nawakhani, [[Sohrai]] and [[Holi|Fagua]].
[[Karam (festival)|Karam]] and [[Jivitputrika|Jitia]] are major festival celebrated among Nagpuri people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/talk-on-nagpuri-folk-music-at-ignca.html|title=talk on nagpuri folk music at ignca|website=daily Pioneer.com}}</ref> Other major festival are Asari, Nawakhani, [[Sohrai]] and [[Holi|Fagua]].

===Politics===
There are discontentment among Nagpuri speaking castes. Teli are demanding ST status, they claim there are similarities between Teli culture and tribal culture. Also Teli has never been made an MLA or MP. Telis have never been represented. On the other hand, tribals are adequately represented in the Assembly and in the Parliament.
<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/teli-show-of-strength-at-gumla/cid/1592412|title=Teli show of strength at Gumla|website=m.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>In February 2019, Teli leader have threatened to boycott Loksabha electronic in front of Raghubar Das, if they will not get ST Status.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/jharkhand/ranchi/news/speaker-of-teli-samaj-said-st-status-otherwise-do-not-vote-01488619.html?utm_expid=.3KI3yy4iTQmieoYkdtUgIg.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.in%2F|title=तेली समाज के अध्यक्ष बोले... एसटी दर्जा दें, नहीं तो वोट नहीं, सीएम का जवाब-धमकी न दें|website=www.bhaskar.com}}</ref>

Rautia caste also demanding ST status and threatened to bycott election if they will not get it.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/simdega/story-rautia-caste-could-not-get-status-of-st-if-phased-movement-singh-2058061.html|title=रौतिया जाति को एसटी का दर्जा नहीं मिला तो होगा चरणबद्ध आंदोलन: सिंह|website=m.livehindustan.com}}</ref> Similarly [[Kudumi Mahato]] are also demanding ST status.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bandh-in-jharkhand-as-kurmi-outfits-seek-inclusion-in-st-list-5149067/|title=Bandh in Jharkhand as Kurmi outfits seek inclusion in ST list|website=indianexpress.com}}</ref>


== Notable people ==
== Notable people ==

Revision as of 02:32, 20 April 2019

Nagpuri/Nagpuria/Sadan
Total population
c. 4 – c. 5 million [1]
Regions with significant populations
Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha
Languages
Nagpuri, Hindi
Religion
Predominantly:

Related ethnic groups


Nagpuris are an Indo-Aryan-speaking ethno-linguistic group who speak Nagpuri language as their mother tongue and native to Chota Nagpur Plateau region of Indian state Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha.[2] They are Sadan, a collective term used for native Indo-Aryan ethinic groups of Jharkhand and neighbouring states.

Etymology

Sadan refers to the Indo-Aryan speaking ethnic groups of Jharkhand. Probably the term derive from Nishada, referring to an ethnic group of North India. [2] The name Nagpur is probably taken from Nagvanshi, who ruled in this part of the country. [3]

History

Prehistoric era

Mesolithic dancers at Bhimbetka

Stone tools, microliths discovered from Chota Nagpur plateau region which are from Mesolithic and Neolithic period.[4] In Bhimbetka rock shelters, 9000 year old Mesolithic painting of group dance is similar to the Nagpuri folk dance Jhumair and domkach. Similar dance also found in pottery of Navdatoli.[5] During Neolithic period, agriculture started in South Asia. Several neolithic settlements have found in sites such as Jhusi, Lahuradewa, Mehergarh, Bhirrana, Rakhigarhi and Chirand. In Kabra-Kala mound at the confluence of Son and North Koel river in Palamu district various antiquities and art objects have found which are from Neolithic to Medivial period and the pot-sherds of Redware, black and red ware, black ware, black slipped ware and NBP ware are from Chalcolithic to late medivial period.[6]

Iron age (c. 1800 – c. 200 BCE)

Main article: Iron Age India

Several Iron slags, microlith, Potsherds discovered from Singhbhum district which are from 1400 BCE according to Carbon dating.[7]

During Late Vedic period several Janapadas emerged in northern India. Propably during that time, several Nishada kingdom existed in this region. In 6th century BCE, the Mahajanapadas emerged in several parts of Indian subcontinent. Some parts of Nagpuri speaking region was parts of Magadha Mahajanpada.

In Mauryan period, this region ruled by a number of states, which were collectively known as the Atavika (forest) states. These states accepted the suzerainty of the Maurya empire during Ashoka's reign (c. 232 BCE).

Early modern period (c. 1526 - c. 1858)

During medivial period Chero and Nagvanshi were ruling this region. During region of Akbar, the region came under influence of Mughal Empire. After the Battle of Plassey, the region comes under influence of East India Company. Chero and Nagvanshi ruler then became tributaries to East India company.

Bakhtar Sai and Mundal Singh, two landowners, fought against the British East India company in 1812.[8]

The other princely states in Chota Nagpur Plateau, came within the sphere of influence of the Maratha Empire, but they became tributary States of East India Company as a result of the Anglo-Maratha Wars known as Chota Nagpur Tributary States.[9]

Modern Period (after c. 1850 CE)

The brothers Nilambar and Pitambar were chiefs of Bhogta clan of the Kharwar tribe, who held ancestral jagirs led the revolt against British East India company in 1857. [10]

Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo, king of Barkagarh led rebels against British East India Company in 1857 rebellion. [11]

After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria. [12]

Post-independence

After Indian independence in 1947, the rulers of the states chose to accede to the Dominion of India. Changbhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja and Udaipur later became part of Madhya Pradesh state, but Gangpur and Bonai became part of Orissa state, and Kharsawan and Saraikela part of Bihar state.[13] Region under Kings of Nagvansh and Ramgarh became parts of Bihar state.

In November 2000, the new states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand separated from Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, respectively.

Caste and communities

Various Caste speak the Nagpuri language, including the Chero,[14] Rautia,[15] Ahir, Binjhia, Bhogta, Chik Baraik, Ghasi, Jhora, Kewat, Kumhar, Lohra and Teli.[16]

Language and literature

Nagpuri language is native to Western Chota Nagpur plateau region. It evolved from Prakrit languages. Sometimes it is considered a hindi dialect. Its literary tradition started around 17th century. During reign of Nagvanshi and kings of Ramgarh, several Nagpuri poems written in Devanagari and Kaithi script.[17] The king Raghunath Shah and King of Ramgarh Dalel Singh were great poet. "Nagvanshawali" written by Beniram Mehta is a historical work in Nagpuri language. Great poet Ghasiram Mahli had written several works including Vanshawali, Durgasaptasati, Barahamasa, Vivha Parichhan etc. There were also great writer like Pradumn Das and Rudra Singh.[18]

Culture

Music and dance

The Nagpuri people have their own styles of dance.[19] Some Nagpuri folk dance are Jhumair, Mardana Jhumair, Janani Jhumair, Domkach, Lahasua, Paika etc. The musical instruments used in folk music and dance are Dhol, Mandar, Bansi, Nagara, Dhak, Shehnai, Khartal, Narsinga etc.[20] Akhra is important part of Nagpuri culture which is village ground where people dance.[21]

Festival

Karam and Jitia are major festival celebrated among Nagpuri people.[22] Other major festival are Asari, Nawakhani, Sohrai and Fagua.

Politics

There are discontentment among Nagpuri speaking castes. Teli are demanding ST status, they claim there are similarities between Teli culture and tribal culture. Also Teli has never been made an MLA or MP. Telis have never been represented. On the other hand, tribals are adequately represented in the Assembly and in the Parliament. [23]In February 2019, Teli leader have threatened to boycott Loksabha electronic in front of Raghubar Das, if they will not get ST Status.[24]

Rautia caste also demanding ST status and threatened to bycott election if they will not get it.[25] Similarly Kudumi Mahato are also demanding ST status.[26]

Notable people

References

  1. ^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  2. ^ a b "Sadani / Sadri". Southasiabibliography.de. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  3. ^ Sir John Houlton, Bihar, the Heart of India, pp. 127-128, Orient Longmans, 1949.
  4. ^ periods, India-Pre- historic and Proto-historic (4 November 2016). "India – Pre- historic and Proto-historic periods". Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. Retrieved 8 September 2018 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ Dance In Indian Painting, Page xv.
  6. ^ "KABRA – KALA". www.asiranchi.org.
  7. ^ Singh, Upinder (8 September 2018). "A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century". Pearson Education India. Retrieved 8 September 2018 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ "The amicable relationship some villagers have with the Maoists, panchayat institutions, as well as large NGOs operating in the vicinity of the villages seems an unusual co-existence in Jharkhand". thehindu.com. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  9. ^ http://www.southasiaarchive.com/Content/sarf.100009/231191
  10. ^ "History". latehar.nic.in. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  11. ^ "cm pays tribute thakur vishwanath sahdeo birth anniversary". avenuemail.in. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  12. ^ Kaul, Chandrika. "From Empire to Independence: The British Raj in India 1858–1947". Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  13. ^ Eastern States Agency. List of ruling chiefs & leading personages Delhi: Agent to Governor-General, Eastern States, 1936
  14. ^ People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part One edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 229 to 231 Seagull Books
  15. ^ People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part Two edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 945 to 947 Seagull Books
  16. ^ "1 Paper for 3 rd SCONLI 2008 (JNU, New Delhi) Comparative study of Nagpuri Spoken by Chik-Baraik & Oraon's of Jharkhand Sunil Baraik Senior Research Fellow". slideplayer.com. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  17. ^ "gaint new chapter for nagpuri poetry". telegraphindia.com. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  18. ^ "Jharkhand Samanya Gyan". books.google.co.in.
  19. ^ Sharan, Arya (1 June 2017). "Colours of culture blossom at Nagpuri dance workshop". The Daily Pioneer. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  20. ^ "Out of the Dark". democratic world.in. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  21. ^ "talk on nagpuri folk music at ignca". daily Pioneer.com.
  22. ^ "talk on nagpuri folk music at ignca". daily Pioneer.com.
  23. ^ "Teli show of strength at Gumla". m.telegraphindia.com.
  24. ^ "तेली समाज के अध्यक्ष बोले... एसटी दर्जा दें, नहीं तो वोट नहीं, सीएम का जवाब-धमकी न दें". www.bhaskar.com.
  25. ^ "रौतिया जाति को एसटी का दर्जा नहीं मिला तो होगा चरणबद्ध आंदोलन: सिंह". m.livehindustan.com.
  26. ^ "Bandh in Jharkhand as Kurmi outfits seek inclusion in ST list". indianexpress.com.
  27. ^ "The amicable relationship some villagers have with the Maoists, panchayat institutions, as well as large NGOs operating in the vicinity of the villages seems an unusual co-existence in Jharkhand". thehindu.com. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  28. ^ "History". latehar.nic.in. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
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