Second Haniyeh Government: Difference between revisions
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On 8 February 2007, negotiations resulted in the [[Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement]], an agreement to form a Palestinian national unity government.<ref name="ICG62">[http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Israel%20Palestine/62_after_mecca__engaging_hamas Middle East Report No. 62: After Mecca: Engaging Hamas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903112003/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Israel%20Palestine/62_after_mecca__engaging_hamas |date=3 September 2012 }}, [[International Crisis Group]] (February 26, 2007).</ref> The agreement was signed by Abbas on behalf of Fatah and by [[Khaled Mashal]] on behalf of Hamas.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/feb/08/israel Palestinian rivals sign power-sharing deal], Associated Press (February 8, 2007).</ref> The agreement also contained a "letter of commission" from Abbas to Prime Minister [[Ismail Haniyeh]] of Hamas, calling on Haniyeh as premier of the next government to achieve Palestinian national goals as approved by the [[Palestine National Council]], the clauses of the Basic Law and the National Reconciliation Document (the [[Prisoners' Document]]) as well as the decisions of the Arab summit.<ref name="ICG62"/> |
On 8 February 2007, negotiations resulted in the [[Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement]], an agreement to form a Palestinian national unity government.<ref name="ICG62">[http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Israel%20Palestine/62_after_mecca__engaging_hamas Middle East Report No. 62: After Mecca: Engaging Hamas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903112003/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Israel%20Palestine/62_after_mecca__engaging_hamas |date=3 September 2012 }}, [[International Crisis Group]] (February 26, 2007).</ref> The agreement was signed by Abbas on behalf of Fatah and by [[Khaled Mashal]] on behalf of Hamas.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/feb/08/israel Palestinian rivals sign power-sharing deal], Associated Press (February 8, 2007).</ref> The agreement also contained a "letter of commission" from Abbas to Prime Minister [[Ismail Haniyeh]] of Hamas, calling on Haniyeh as premier of the next government to achieve Palestinian national goals as approved by the [[Palestine National Council]], the clauses of the Basic Law and the National Reconciliation Document (the [[Prisoners' Document]]) as well as the decisions of the Arab summit.<ref name="ICG62"/> |
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On 17 March 2007, Haniyeh presented the new unity government to the |
On 17 March 2007, Haniyeh presented the new unity government to the [[Palestinian Legislative Council]],<ref name=hanieh_speech_2007_gov>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081121061018/http://www.jmcc.org/politics/pna/haniehspeechmar07.htm ''PM Hanieh Speech before the PLC March 17, 2007'']. JMCC. Archived on 4 October 2009</ref> which was approved 83-3. At the time, 41 of the 132 members of the PLC, nearly a third of the PLC, were in Israeli detention.<ref name=arabnews/> The 25 ministers were sworn in by President Abbas.<ref name=arabnews>[http://www.arabnews.com/node/296042 ''Palestinians OK Unity Govt'']. Arab News, 18 March 2007</ref><ref name=cabinet_list_2007>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091004160858/http://www.jmcc.org/politics/pna/pagovmar07.htm ''The PA Ministerial Cabinet List—The National Unity Government March 2007'']. JMCC. Archived on 4 October 2009</ref> The program of the national unity government included ending the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and recognizing the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people, and the establishment of the independent Palestinian state with full sovereignty within the [[1967 borders]], with [[al-Quds]] as its capital,<ref name=arabnews/> implementation of the [[Palestinian Cairo Declaration|Cairo Agreement]] pertaining to the PLO, and commitment to the [[Palestinian right of return]].<ref name=hanieh_speech_2007_gov/> Israel rejected the new government, while Norway recognized it and other countries reacted with reserve. |
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Between 10 and 14 June 2007, fierce [[Battle of Gaza (2007)|battles for control of the Gaza Strip]] took place between Fatah and Hamas, which was won by Hamas.<ref>Haaretz/Associated Press, 10 June 2007, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100825164924/http://www.haaretz.com/news/palestinian-gunmen-target-haniyeh-s-home-in-gaza-1.222703 ''Palestinian gunmen target Haniyeh's home in Gaza'']. On web.archive.org</ref><ref>Guardian, 15 June 2007, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/15/israel4 ''Hamas takes control of Gaza'']</ref> |
Between 10 and 14 June 2007, fierce [[Battle of Gaza (2007)|battles for control of the Gaza Strip]] took place between Fatah and Hamas, which was won by Hamas.<ref>Haaretz/Associated Press, 10 June 2007, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100825164924/http://www.haaretz.com/news/palestinian-gunmen-target-haniyeh-s-home-in-gaza-1.222703 ''Palestinian gunmen target Haniyeh's home in Gaza'']. On web.archive.org</ref><ref>Guardian, 15 June 2007, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/15/israel4 ''Hamas takes control of Gaza'']</ref> |
Revision as of 21:23, 29 April 2021
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The Second Haniyeh Government, also known as the Palestinian National Unity Government of March 2007 (Arabic: المجلس الفلسطيني لآذار 17 2007), was a Palestinian Authority unity government headed by Ismail Haniyeh, the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority that was formed on 17 March 2007 and dissolved on 14 June 2007.[1]
The Unity Government was formed on 17 March 2007 following negotiations in Mecca, but due to failing international support because it did not meet the Quartet conditions, it was short-living. Israel immediately rejected the Government and said it will deal with Abbas, but not with the new government unless it recognizes the Jewish state. Israeli officials said they would try to persuade the world not to deal with the government.[1]
The Government was dissolved by President Mahmoud Abbas on 14 June 2007 after the Hamas takeover of Gaza.
Background
Hamas decisively won the 2006 Palestinian legislative election held on 25 January 2006. Israel and the Quartet on the Middle East had previously stated that their continued aid to and dialogue with the PA under a Hamas government was conditional on Hamas agreeing to three conditions: recognition of Israel, the disavowal of violent actions, and acceptance of previous agreements between Israel and the PA, including the Oslo Accords. Haniya refused to accept these conditions. On the day the First Haniyeh Government was sworn in, on 29 March, Israel and the Quartet stopped all dialogue with the PA and especially any member of the Hamas government, ceased providing aid to the PA and imposed sanctions against the PA under Hamas.[2] Israel had also withheld the transfers of PA revenues for more than a year.[3][4]
Fatah developed a plan to replace the Hamas-government. According to the plan, a national unity government or a "government of technocrats" would be formed and prepare early presidential and legislative elections. If the establishment of a government meeting the Quartet conditions would fail, President Abbas would announce a state of emergency, dismiss the present cabinet and form an emergency government, or call for early elections.[5][6] The plan was, for the time being, not carried out in full, as indeed a "unity government" was formed in March 2007.
Timeline
On 25 January 2006, Hamas won the 2006 Palestinian legislative election.
On 29 March 2006, the First Haniyeh-led PA government was sworn in. Israel, the United States, the European Union and several other countries impose sanctions against the PA, including suspension of all foreign aid.
On 17 June 2006, a temporary international mechanism was created to channel aid to Palestinians bypassing the Hamas-led PA government, including paying aid funds directly to the accounts of President Abbas.[7]
On 8 February 2007, negotiations resulted in the Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement, an agreement to form a Palestinian national unity government.[8] The agreement was signed by Abbas on behalf of Fatah and by Khaled Mashal on behalf of Hamas.[9] The agreement also contained a "letter of commission" from Abbas to Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas, calling on Haniyeh as premier of the next government to achieve Palestinian national goals as approved by the Palestine National Council, the clauses of the Basic Law and the National Reconciliation Document (the Prisoners' Document) as well as the decisions of the Arab summit.[8]
On 17 March 2007, Haniyeh presented the new unity government to the Palestinian Legislative Council,[10] which was approved 83-3. At the time, 41 of the 132 members of the PLC, nearly a third of the PLC, were in Israeli detention.[1] The 25 ministers were sworn in by President Abbas.[1][11] The program of the national unity government included ending the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and recognizing the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people, and the establishment of the independent Palestinian state with full sovereignty within the 1967 borders, with al-Quds as its capital,[1] implementation of the Cairo Agreement pertaining to the PLO, and commitment to the Palestinian right of return.[10] Israel rejected the new government, while Norway recognized it and other countries reacted with reserve.
Between 10 and 14 June 2007, fierce battles for control of the Gaza Strip took place between Fatah and Hamas, which was won by Hamas.[12][13]
On 14 June 2007, President Abbas declared a state of emergency by presidential decree, and dismissed Haniyeh and the government. He appointed an emergency government led by Salam Fayyad and controversially suspended articles of the Basic Law to dispense with the need for PLC approval of the new government.[14][15][16][17] The Fayyad government was swiftly recognized by the international community.
Following the takeover of the Gaza Strip, Egypt and Israel largely sealed the Gaza border crossings, ostensibly because Fatah had fled and was no longer providing security on the Palestinian side.[18] Egypt assisted in the blockade, allegedly because it feared a spill-over of Hamas-style militancy into their territory.[19]
Members of the Government
March to June 2007 [11]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Palestinians OK Unity Govt. Arab News, 18 March 2007
- ^ John Pike. "Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement)". Globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ^ Report on UNCTAD assistance to the Palestinian people: Developments in the economy of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, para 9-24. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 6 July 2015 (doc.nr. TD/B/62/3). Source
- ^ Israel’s retaliatory seizure of tax, pp. 10-11. Al-Haq, 1 April 2015. Here available
- ^ Palestinian Vision for Resolving the Current PA Crisis (Draft #6). The Palestine Papers, 30 October 2006. On [1]
- ^ The Arab-Israeli Conflict: To Reach a Lasting Peace Archived 13 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 3-4. Crisis Group Middle East Report N°58, 5 October 2006. Source Archived 27 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ US "Blocks" Palestinian Aid Plan Archived 15 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News; Powers agree Palestinian Aid Plan Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News; Palestinians to Get Interim Aid Archived 8 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News
- ^ a b Middle East Report No. 62: After Mecca: Engaging Hamas Archived 3 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine, International Crisis Group (February 26, 2007).
- ^ Palestinian rivals sign power-sharing deal, Associated Press (February 8, 2007).
- ^ a b PM Hanieh Speech before the PLC March 17, 2007. JMCC. Archived on 4 October 2009
- ^ a b The PA Ministerial Cabinet List—The National Unity Government March 2007. JMCC. Archived on 4 October 2009
- ^ Haaretz/Associated Press, 10 June 2007, Palestinian gunmen target Haniyeh's home in Gaza. On web.archive.org
- ^ Guardian, 15 June 2007, Hamas takes control of Gaza
- ^ Presidential Decrees Issued on June - July 2007. JMCC, archived on 12 October 2007
- ^ "Abbas Dissolves Palestinian Authority Government in Wake of Hamas-Fatah War". Fox News. 14 June 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
- ^ Levinson, Charles; Matthew Moore (14 June 2007). "Abbas declares state of emergency in Gaza". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
- ^ "Abbas sacks Hamas-led government". BBC News. 14 June 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
- ^ Olmert aide supports free Gaza Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. By Dion Nissenbaum. McClatchy Newspapers. Published 8 December 2008
- ^ Palestinians flood into Egypt after blowing up border wall, The Guardian, 23 January 2008.