List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 00:33, 15 December 2021
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Hurricane_katrina_damage_gulfport_mississippi.jpg/350px-Hurricane_katrina_damage_gulfport_mississippi.jpg)
This is a list of costliest Atlantic hurricanes, broadly capturing the severity of the damage each system has caused. The record of the costliest tropical cyclone in the Atlantic is held jointly by hurricanes Katrina and Harvey, both of which resulted in approximately $125 billion in property damage during the year they occurred. These storms are also the costliest tropical cyclones recorded worldwide. The hurricane seasons of those two hurricanes, the 2005 and 2017 Atlantic hurricane seasons, are also the two costliest hurricane seasons recorded.
Most of the costliest Atlantic hurricanes in recorded history have peaked as major hurricanes. However, weaker tropical cyclones can still cause widespread damage. Tropical storms Alberto in 1994, Allison in 2001, Lee in 2011, Imelda in 2019 and Fred of 2021 caused over a billion dollars in damage. Flooding typically accounts for about 60% of all of a storm's damages,[citation needed] and this is reflected in the list with Allison, Harvey, Florence, and most recently, Imelda, which produced catastrophic rainfall; and with Katrina, Ike, and Sandy, which produced devastating storm surges. Wind damage encompasses a large portion of storm damage as well, evidenced by Andrew, Irma, and Michael. Due to their excessive damage, the names of tropical cyclones accruing at least $1 billion in damage are usually retired by the World Meteorological Organization, but this is not always the case. Hurricane Juan in 1985 was the first hurricane to cause at least a billion in damage and not be retired; its name was retired on a later usage in 2003 that did not cause over a billion in damage. Since Juan, nine tropical cyclones that caused at least a billion in damage were not retired, the most notable of which being Hurricane Sally in 2020 which caused at least $7.3 billion, the costliest storm not to have its name retired.
Rank | Cost | Season |
---|---|---|
1 | ≥ $294.803 billion | 2017 |
2 | $172.297 billion | 2005 |
3 | $120.425 billion | 2022 |
4 | ≥ $80.727 billion | 2021 |
5 | $72.341 billion | 2012 |
6 | $61.148 billion | 2004 |
7 | ≥ $51.114 billion | 2020 |
8 | ≥ $50.526 billion | 2018 |
9 | ≥ $48.855 billion | 2008 |
10 | $27.302 billion | 1992 |
The first hurricane to cause at least $1 billion in damage was Hurricane Betsy in 1965, which caused much of its damage in southeastern Louisiana. Four years later, Hurricane Camille caused over $1 billion in damage as it ravaged Louisiana and Mississippi at landfall, and Virginia after moving inland. After the 1960s, each decade saw an increase in tropical cyclones causing at least a billion in damage over the last, due to increasing urban development and population. In the 1970s, four hurricanes caused at least a billion in damage; the costliest of which was Hurricane Agnes, which caused $2.1 billion in damage. The following decade featured seven hurricanes causing at least a billion in damage. In the 1990s, twelve tropical cyclones accrued at least a billion in damage, including Hurricane Andrew in 1992. The system greatly exceeded the damage figure of any preceding tropical cyclone, causing $27.3 billion in damage, mostly in South Florida. Nineteen tropical cyclones in the 2000s caused at least $1 billion in damage. The 2005 season had six billion-dollar hurricanes, the most of any season on record; this record was later surpassed in 2020, with eight billion-dollar hurricanes. Hurricanes Ivan in 2004 and Irma in 2017 caused at least $1 billion in damage in four separate countries. In the 2010s, twelve storms caused at least $1 billion in damage, the last of which is Tropical Storm Imelda, which accrued at least $5 billion in damage.[1] Hurricane Hanna was the first storm of the 2020s to become a billion dollar disaster.[2]
Overall costliest
This list ranks tropical cyclones within the Atlantic that have accrued at least US$1 billion in damage, based on their nominal USD damage totals. Because these numbers have not been adjusted for inflation, nor adjusted for changes in population and wealth in coastal counties, the costliness of recent hurricanes is artificially inflated compared to hurricanes of the past. This makes it hard to accurately compare the damage inflicted by hurricanes over time.
In contrast, the normalized damage reported in the adjacent column gives an estimate of the direct economic losses from each hurricane if that same event was to occur under contemporary societal conditions, based on a method by Roger A. Pielke Jr. and Christopher Landsea.[3] The general formula for normalized losses is
where is reported damage in current-year US dollars, is the GDP deflator for inflation adjustment, is an estimate of current-cost net stock of fixed assets and consumer durable goods to capture changes in real wealth per-capita, and county population adjustment.[3]
† Indicates that the storm name was not retired after its usage
Name | Nominal damage (Billions USD) |
A normalization estimates direct economic losses from a historical extreme event if that same event was to occur under contemporary societal conditions. (Billions USD) |
Season | Storm classification at peak intensity |
Areas affected | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Katrina | $125.0 | $116.9 | 2005 | Category 5 hurricane | [4][5] | |
Harvey | $125.0 | $62.2 | 2017 | Category 4 hurricane | [5][6] | |
Maria | $91.6 | — | 2017 | Category 5 hurricane | [7] | |
Irma | $77.2 | $31.0 | 2017 | Category 5 hurricane | [5] | |
Sandy | $68.7 | $73.5 | 2012 | Category 3 hurricane | [5][8] | |
Ida | ≥$65.25 | — | 2021 | Category 4 hurricane | [9][10] | |
Ike | $38.0 | $35.2 | 2008 | Category 4 hurricane | [11][12][13] | |
Wilma | $27.4 | $31.9 | 2005 | Category 5 hurricane | [14][15][16][17] | |
Andrew | $27.3 | $106.0 | 1992 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[11][18] |
Ivan | $26.1 | $25.9 | 2004 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[11][19][20] |
Michael | $25.5 | — | 2018 | Category 5 hurricane | [21][22] | |
Florence | $24.2 | — | 2018 | Category 4 hurricane | [22][23] | |
Laura | $19.1 | — | 2020 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[24][25] |
Rita | $18.5 | $14.9 | 2005 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[26] |
Charley | $16.9 | $26.9 | 2004 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[27][11] |
Matthew | $16.5 | $8.6 | 2016 | Category 5 hurricane | [28][29] | |
Irene | $14.2 | $10.8 | 2011 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[30][31][32] |
Hugo | $11.0 | $25.1 | 1989 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[11][33] |
Frances | $10.1 | $16.5 | 2004 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[11][19][34][35] |
Georges | $9.3 | <$6.0 | 1998 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[5][36][37][38][39][40] |
Allison | $9.0 | <$6.0 | 2001 | Tropical storm |
|
[41][11][42] |
Eta | $8.3 | — | 2020 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
|
Gustav | $8.3 | <$6.0 | 2008 | Category 4 hurricane | [11][12] | |
Jeanne | $7.9 | $13.6 | 2004 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[11][19][43][44] |
Sally † | $7.3 | — | 2020 | Category 2 hurricane |
|
[45][46] |
Floyd | $6.5 | $13.9 | 1999 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[11][47] |
Mitch | $6.1 | <$6.0 | 1998 | Category 5 hurricane | [48][49][50] | |
Isabel | $5.5 | <$6.0 | 2003 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[11][51] |
Dorian | $5.1 | — | 2019 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[52][53] |
Imelda † | $5.0 | — | 2019 | Tropical storm |
|
[54] |
Fran | $5.0 | $11.1 | 1996 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[11] |
Isaias † | $4.8 | — | 2020 | Category 1 hurricane |
|
[55] |
Opal | $4.7 | $10.0 | 1995 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[11][56] |
Zeta † | $4.4 | — | 2020 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[57] |
Dennis | $4.0 | <$6.0 | 2005 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[11][14][58] |
Stan | $3.9 | <$6.0 | 2005 | Category 1 hurricane |
|
[43][59] |
Karl † | $3.9 | <$6.0 | 2010 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[60] |
Isaac † | $3.1 | <$6.0 | 2012 | Category 1 hurricane |
|
[61] |
Delta † | $3.0 | — | 2020 |
Category 4 hurricane |
|
|
Alicia | $3.0 | $13.6 | 1983 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[62] |
Gilbert | $3.0 | <$6.0 | 1988 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[63] |
Luis | $3.0 | <$6.0 | 1995 | Category 4 hurricane | [56] | |
Lee † | $2.8 | <$6.0 | 2011 | Tropical storm |
|
[64] |
Marilyn | $2.5 | <$6.0 | 1995 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[11][56] |
Michelle | $2.4 | <$6.0 | 2001 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[38][42] |
Agnes | $2.1 | $26.0 | 1972 | Category 1 hurricane |
|
[11][65] |
Joan | $2.0 | <$6.0 | 1988 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[63] |
Fifi | $1.8 | <$6.0 | 1974 | Category 2 hurricane |
|
[66][67] |
Frederic | $1.8 | <$6.0 | 1979 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[68] |
Dean | $1.7 | <$6.0 | 2007 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[43][69] |
Dolly † | $1.6 | <$6.0 | 2008 | Category 2 hurricane |
|
[12] |
Allen | $1.6 | <$6.0 | 1980 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[43][70][71] |
David | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 1979 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[43][68] |
Alex † | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 2010 | Category 2 hurricane |
|
[72][73][74][75] |
Juan † | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 1985 | Category 1 hurricane |
|
[11] |
Bob | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 1991 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[76] |
Roxanne | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 1995 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[56] |
Ingrid | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 2013 | Category 1 hurricane |
|
[11] |
Betsy | $1.4 | <$6.0 | 1965 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[11] |
Camille | $1.4 | $26.4 | 1969 | Category 5 hurricane |
|
[11] |
Iota | $1.4 | — | 2020 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[77] |
Elena | $1.3 | <$6.0 | 1985 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[78] |
Isidore | $1.3 | <$6.0 | 2002 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[79][80] |
Fred | $1.3 | — | 2021 | Tropical storm |
|
[81] |
Hanna † | $1.2 | — | 2020 | Category 1 hurricane | [82] | |
Elsa | $1.2 | — | 2021 | Category 1 hurricane |
|
[83] |
Lili | $1.2 | <$6.0 | 2002 | Category 4 hurricane |
|
[11] |
Nicholas | $1.1 | — | 2021 | Category 1 hurricane | [84] | |
Alberto † | $1.0 | <$6.0 | 1994 | Tropical storm |
|
[64] |
Emily † | $1.0 | <$6.0 | 2005 | Category 5 hurricane | [5] | |
Bonnie † | $1.0 | <$6.0 | 1998 | Category 3 hurricane |
|
[5] |
See also
- List of Atlantic hurricane records
- List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
- List of Pacific hurricanes
- List of tropical cyclones
- Template:Costliest U.S. Atlantic hurricanes
Notes
References
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