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|area affected= [[France]], [[Spain]], [[Ireland]] and [[United Kingdom|Great Britain]]
|area affected= [[France]], [[Spain]], [[Ireland]] and [[United Kingdom|Great Britain]]
|fatalities = 1 (indirect)
|fatalities = 1 (indirect){{cn|date=February 2023}}
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Revision as of 22:08, 2 February 2023

2022–23 European Windstorm Season
Storm Efrain, the most intense storm of the season.
First storm formed14 September 2022
Last storm dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm1Efrain 955 hPa (28.20 inHg)[1]
Strongest wind gustCláudio 185 km/h (115 mph; 100 kn)[2]
Total storms18 (23 including University of Berlin named storms)
Total damage€2 Million (£1.7 Million)[citation needed]
Total fatalities26 dead, 1 missing (all in Italy)[citation needed]
1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure and maximum recorded non-mountainous wind gust is also included for reference.
← 2021-22
2023-24 →

The 2022–23 European windstorm season is the eighth season of the European windstorm naming in Europe. The new season's storm names were announced on 1 September 2022. Storms that occur up until 31 August 2023 will be included in this season. This was the fourth season where the Netherlands participated, alongside the United Kingdom's Met Office and Ireland's Met Éireann in the western group. The Portuguese, Spanish, French and Belgian meteorological agencies collaborated for the sixth time, joined by Luxembourg's agency (South-western Group). This is the second season where Greece, Israel and Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean group), and Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta (Central Mediterranean Group) named storms which affected their areas.

Background and naming

In 2015, the Met Office and Met Éireann announced a project to name storms as part of the "Name our Storms" project for windstorms and asked the public for suggestions. The meteorological offices produced a full list of names for 2015–2016 through 2017–2018, common to both the United Kingdom and Ireland, with the Netherlands taking part from 2019 onwards. Names in the United Kingdom will be based on the National Severe Weather Warning Service.

There are two main naming lists: one created by the national meteorological agencies of the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands, and another created by the equivalent agencies from France, Spain, Portugal, and Belgium. Additionally, former Atlantic hurricanes will retain their names as assigned by the National Hurricane Center of the United States.[3]

Western Group (United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands)

The following names were chosen for the 2022–23 season in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands.[4] For a windstorm to be named, the United Kingdom's Met Office, Ireland's Met Eireann, and the Netherlands KNMI have to issue an amber weather warning, preferably for wind, but a storm can also be named for amber warnings of rain and snow (e.g Storm Arwen in 2021). [5]

  • Antoni (unused)
  • Betty (unused)
  • Cillian (unused)
  • Daisy (unused)
  • Elliot (unused)
  • Fleur  (unused)
  • Glen (unused)
  • Hendrika (unused)
  • Íde (unused)
  • Johanna (unused)
  • Khalid (unused)
  • Loes (unused)
  • Mark (unused)
  • Nelly (unused)
  • Owain (unused)
  • Priya (unused)
  • Ruadhán (unused)
  • Sam (unused)
  • Tobias (unused)
  • Val (unused)
  • Wouter (unused)

South-western Group (France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg)

This was the sixth year in which the meteorological agencies of France, Spain and Portugal named storms that affected their areas. [6]

  • Armand
  • Béatrice
  • Cláudio
  • Denise
  • Efraín
  • Fien
  • Gérard
  • Hannelore
  • Isaack (unused)
  • Juliette (unused)
  • Kamiel (unused)
  • Larisa (unused)
  • Mathis (unused)
  • Noa (unused)
  • Oscar (unused)
  • Patrícia (unused)
  • Rafael (unused)
  • Sarah (unused)
  • Tiago (unused)
  • Valerie (unused)
  • Waid (unused)

Eastern Mediterranean Group (Greece, Israel and Cyprus)

The following names were chosen for the 2022–23 season in Greece, Israel and Cyprus.[7]

  • Ariel
  • Barbarra (unused)
  • Cleon (unused)
  • Daniel (unused)
  • Elias (unused)
  • Fedra (unused)
  • Guy (unused)
  • Helena (unused)
  • Ionas (unused)
  • Jasmin (unused)
  • Kyros (unused)
  • Lahesis (unused)
  • Moses (unused)
  • Naias (unused)
  • Orpheas (unused)
  • Pnina (unused)
  • Rigena (unused)
  • Shmuel (unused)
  • Talia (unused)
  • Uranos (unused)
  • Vered (unused)
  • Xanthia (unused)
  • Zoe (unused)

Central Mediterranean Group (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania and Malta)

The following names were chosen for the 2022–23 season in Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania and Malta.[8]

  • Ana
  • Bogdan
  • Clio
  • Dino
  • Eva
  • Fobos
  • Gaia
  • Helios (unused)
  • Ilina (unused)
  • Leon (unused)
  • Minerva (unused)
  • Nino (unused)
  • Olga (unused)
  • Petar (unused)
  • Rea (unused)
  • Silvan (unused)
  • Talia (unused)
  • Ugo (unused)
  • Vesta (unused)
  • Zenon (unused)

Northern Group (Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden)

This naming group, like the naming from the University of Berlin, does not use a naming list but names storms when it has not received a name by any other meteorological service in Europe and is projected to affect Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Finland or Sweden.

Central & Southern Group (Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Austria)

The University of Berlin names storms based on low pressures across the continent and does not use a naming list.

  • Bettina
  • Elke
  • Marion
  • Philomena
  • Regina

Ex-Atlantic Hurricanes

Two former Atlantic systems (both of them being a hurricane) transitioned into a European windstorm and retained its name as assigned by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida:

Season summary

EUMETNET groups namings lists by colour
  Western group
  South-western group
  Northern group
  Central & southern group
  Central Mediterranean group
  North-east group
  South-east group
  Eastern Mediterranean group

All storms named by European meteorological organisations in their respective forecasting areas, as well as Atlantic hurricanes that transitioned into European windstorms and retained the name assigned by the National Hurricane Center:

Hurricane Danielle (2022)

Storms

Ex-Hurricane Danielle

Ex-Hurricane Danielle
Ex-Danielle off the coast of Portugal on 13 September
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir-Simpson scale
Area affectedPortugal, Western Spain
Date of impact8–15 September 2022
Maximum wind gust115 km/h (71 mph; 62 kn)[citation needed]
Lowest pressure995 hPa (29.38 inHg)[citation needed]
Fatalities0
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageMinimal
Main article: Hurricane Danielle (2022)

The remnants of Hurricane Danielle became an extratropical cyclone that impacted Portugal and parts of western Spain. It had previously been a category 1 hurricane that transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone on 8 September well north of the Azores. It dissipated off the coast of Portugal on 15 September.[9]

Large waves and heavy rain hit the Azores.[10] Danielle made an extratropical cyclone landfall in Portugal, bringing heavy rain to the country. Between September 12–13, 644 accidents were reported throughout the country. While many downed trees and flash floods were reported, no fatalities resulted from the downpours.[11][12] In Manteigas, floods and landslides caused major damage.[13] Four vehicles were dragged into the Zêzere River. Heavy rain extended to as far out as Braga. Covilhã saw 67.2 millimetres (2.65 in) of rain while Viseu saw 62 millimetres (2.4 in) of rain. Minor wind and flooding damage was reported in both Lisbon and Setúbal. The Portuguese government issued a "state of calamity" after Danielle passed by.[14] Spain also received heavy rain when Danielle hit.[15]

Storm Ana (Reili)

Storm Ana
Storm Ana on 18 September 2022
Track of Storm Ana according to the University of Berlin
Area affectedFrance, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, Slovakia, Western Ukraine, Poland[16][17]
Date of impact15–21 September 2022
Maximum wind gust175 km/h (109 mph)
Fatalities12 dead, 50 injured, 1 missing (all in Italy)[citation needed]
DamageFlooding in the Marche region of Italy. Heavy rain in the Balkans.[citation needed]

Storm Ana was named on 15 September by the Italian Meteorological Service,[16] with the same storm receiving the name Reili from the Free University of Berlin.[16] The storm caused devastating floods in the Italian region of Marche between 15 and 16 September, mainly affecting the city of Ancona, killing 12 people[18][19] and wounding 50 more. One person is still missing.[20] All the fatalities occurred in Ancona.[21][22][23] Afterwards, the system weakened and dissipated on 21 September.[24]

Storm Bogdan (Ute)

Storm Bogdan
Storm Bogdan on 25 September over Italy
Track of Storm Bodgan according the University of Berlin
Area affectedTunisia, Italy, Greece, Balkans
Date of impact24–29 September 2022
Maximum wind gust165 km/h (103 mph; 89 kn)[citation needed]
Fatalities0
DamageUnspecified

Storm Bogdan was named by the Italian Meteorological Service on 24 September.[25] Weather warnings were also put in place in Greece.[26] The system dissipated on 29 September.[27]

Storm Clio

Storm Clio
Storm Clio on 25 September 2022
Track of Storm Clio using data from the ESWD
Area affectedMontenegro, Italy
Date of impact25–26 September 2022
Maximum wind gust155 km/h (96 mph)[citation needed]
FatalitiesNone
DamageUnspecified

On 25 September, Storm Clio was named by the Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro [8] The storm brought light rain and a moderate breeze to the country, however, the European Severe Storms Laboratory did not document any severe weather reports in Montenegro from Storm Clio.[2]

Storm Dino

Storm Dino
Storm Dino on 1st October 2022
Track of Storm Dino according to the FUB
Area affectedItaly, Greece, Balkans, Eastern Europe
Date of impact30 September - 6 October 2022
Maximum wind gust120 km/h (75 mph; 65 kn)[citation needed]
FatalitiesNone
DamageUnspecified

Storm Dino was named by the Italian Meteorological Service on 30 September 2022, a gust of 84 miles per hour (135 km/h) was recorded.[28] It later went on to affect Greece and brought winds of up to 85 kilometres per hour (53 mph).[citation needed] The storm dissipated on 6 October 2022.[29]

Storm Bettina

Storm Bettina
Storm Bettina on 10 October 2022
Track of Storm Bettina according to the FUB
Area affectedIceland & Svalbard
Date of impact7–13 October 2022
Maximum wind gust49 m/s (175 km/h; 110 mph; 95 kn)[2]
Lowest pressure975 hPa (28.79 inHg)[30]
FatalitiesNone
DamageUnspecified

Storm Bettina was named by the Deutscher Wetterdienst, the German meteorological agency on 7 October 2022.[31] As Storm Bettina impacted Iceland on 9–10 October, the European Severe Storms Laboratory reported 181 storm reports, with 156 of those being severe wind reports of at least 25 metres per second (56 mph) and 25 heavy snowfall reports.[2][32] Due to the storm, about 500 of RARIK's customers lost power.[33] Dozens of reports of power transmissions being damaged or destroyed occurred on 9 October all around Iceland along with multiple reports of roads becoming impassable.[2][32][34]

Storm Elke

Storm Elke
Storm Elke at peak intensity on 15 October 2022
Track of Storm Elke according to the FUB
Area affectedUnited Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Russia
Date of impact14–21 October 2022
Maximum wind gust145 km/h (90 mph; 78 kn)[citation needed]
Lowest pressure980 hPa (28.94 inHg) [35]
FatalitiesNone
DamageDerecho in Scandinavia and tornadoes in Norway [citation needed]

Storm Elke was named by the Deutscher Wetterdienst, the German meteorological agency on 14 October 2022.[36] The Storm Impacted Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Estonia and Russia on 16–17 October uprooting trees and damaging houses and power lines.[37][38] On October 16 two IF1 tornadoes caused damage in Norway.[39] The event was later classified as a derecho imbedded in Low Pressure System Elke instead of a European Windstorm by the European Severe Storms Laboratory.[40] The storm entered the Arctic and dissipated on the 21 October.[41]

Storm Armand (Georgina)

Storm Armand
Storm Armand on 20 October 2022
Track of Storm Armand according to the FUB
Area affectedPortugal, France, British Isles, Spain, Ireland
Date of impact19–23 October 2022
Maximum wind gust133 km/h (83 mph)[citation needed]
Lowest pressure980 hPa (28.94 inHg)[42]
FatalitiesNone
DamageUnspecified

Storm Armand was named by the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) on the 19th October.[43] This system was named Georgina by the FUB.[44] It is expected to bring heavy winds to the Iberian Peninsula. The storm caused flooding and fallen trees.[43] On 21 October, the storm neared France and the British Isles, causing strong gales and heavy rain.[44][45] By 22 October, the storm had reached the tip of Scotland after significantly weakening. The storm then entered the North Sea and then looped back round again to Ireland when it dissipated on 23 October 2022.

The strongest high-level wind gusts from Armand were recorded on Mount Aigoual, France, (elevation: 1567 m ; 5141 ft) reaching 133 km/h (83 mph). Meanwhile, the strongest low-level wind gust from Armand was 100 km/h (62 mph) recorded at Brignogan, France (elevation: 20 m ; 65 ft).[46]

Storm Béatrice (Helgard II)

Storm Beatrice
Storm Beatrice on 22 October 2022
Track of Storm Beatrice according to the FUB
Area affectedIceland, Iberia, France, Ireland and Britain
Date of impact22-27 October 2022
Maximum wind gust125 km/h (78 mph)[citation needed]
Lowest pressure986 hPa (29.12 inHg)[citation needed]
FatalitiesNone
DamageUnspecified
See also: October 2022 European tornado outbreak

A cold wave impulsed an extratropical cyclone in Europe and the storm interacted of anticyclone in the south in central Atlantic, the storm moved up towards Spain and Portugal, when on 22 October it received the name Beatrice.[47] The system was named Helgard II by the FUB, and Helgard I went on into eastern Europe, as Helgard II did not affect eastern Europe. The storm then went on to bring heavy wind and rain to the Iberian Peninsula.[48][49] The outer bands of this storm were also related to the supercells in northern France and southern England which produced at least 5 tornadoes, including the intense Bihucourt tornado.[50]

A band of intense thunderstorms on the northern leading edge of Beatrice crossed southern and eastern England during the afternoon and evening of 23 October, where a yellow weather warning for thunderstorms was issued.[51] Heavy rainfall and strong winds were reported widely, resulting in some flooding and structural damage,[52][53] and flights were disrupted at Heathrow Airport for several hours.[54]

A small girl was injured by a disjointed gate in a severe wind gust,[50] On 27 October, the storm tracked north towards Iceland and dissipated.[55]

Storm Cláudio (Karsta)

Storm Cláudio
Claudio on 31 October 2022 impacting western Europe and the Iberian peninsula
Track of Storm Claudio according to the FUB
Area affectedFrance, Spain, Ireland and Great Britain
Date of impact30 October 2022 - 2 November 2022
Maximum wind gust185 km/h (115 mph)
Fatalities1 (indirect)[citation needed]

Storm Cláudio was named on 31 October 2022.[56] An orange alert for strong winds was put in place for four departments in northwest France.[57] The Met Office issued a yellow weather warning for wind for most of the south coast of England, stretching from Weymouth to Kent.[58] The Met Office had forecast gusts of 50-60 mph (80–96 km/h) with isolated gusts of >70 mph (>112 km/h) on exposed coasts. The highest gust of 115 miles per hour (185 km/h)[59] was recorded at The Needles on the Isle of Wight, with a 1-minute sustained wind recorded as high as 105 mph (170 km/h) .[59] A trampoline that was caught underneath a train meant that no trains could run from Worthing to Hove for more than three hours.[60] High winds caused part of the southwest corner of the West Pier in Brighton to collapse into the sea.[61] Two giant silver baubles were blown down by the storm and rolled down Tottenham Court Road in London, luckily causing no damage or injuries.[62]

Storm Cláudio hit the UK as a deepening low pressure system, the lowest onshore pressure of 994 hPa (29.35 inHg)[63] was recorded in Plymouth at 22:00 on the 31st October. The centre of the shortwave made landfall in Southern Wales, near Cardiff, at around midnight - with the storm further north than had initially been forecasted by both the Met Office and Météo-France. In the wake of Storm Cláudio heavy convective showers produced flash flooding and lightning across the South West of England on November 1–2. At 13:23 on the 1st November, a thunderstorm brought winds as strong as 84 mph (135 km/h) to exposed parts of Cornwall.[64] In Devon, fire crews were called to a pre-school in Willand, Devon after a suspected lightning strike lead to a small fire at 14:40.[65] Between the evening of the 31st October to the evening of the 2nd November, more than 11,000 lightning strikes had been registered across the British Isles, with the majority of activity centred over the Channel Coasts.[66]

Highest recorded wind gusts across the UK during Storm Cláudio from Met Office and National Coastwatch Institution stations
Location Wind gust Elevation above mean sea level Time (local)
The Needles Old Battery, Totland, Isle of Wight 115 mph (185 km/h)[59] 80 m (262 ft) [67] 0:00 - 1 November 2022[59]
Prawle Point, East Prawle, Devonshire 93 mph (150 km/h)[68] 61 m (200 ft)[69] 22:00 - 31 October 2022[68]
Gwennap Head, Porthgwarra, Cornwall 93 mph (150 km/h)[64] 66 m (216 ft)[70] 20:00 - 31 October 2022[64]
Isle of Portland, Weymouth, Dorset 86 mph (138 km/h)[71] 52 m (170 ft)[71] 0:00 - 1 November 2022[71]
St. Catherine's Point, Puckaster, Isle of Wight 84 mph (135 km/h)[72] 20 m (65 ft)[72] 1:00 - 1 November 2022[72]
Rame Head, Plymouth, Devonshire 81 mph (130 km/h)[73] 105 m (345 ft)[74] 22:00 - 31 October 2022[73]

Storm Marion

Storm Marion
Storm Marion approaching the British Isles on 2 November
Track of Storm Marion according to the FUB
Area affectedBritish Isles, Norway, Iceland
Date of impact1 November-8 November
Lowest pressure975[convert: needs unit name][75]
FatalitiesNone
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageUnspecified

A storm named Marion by the University of Berlin affected the British Isles on Wednesday 2 November and Thursday 3 November.[citation needed] The Met Office issued yellow weather warnings for wind and rain for 2 and 3 November, affecting large parts of Wales, northern England, Scotland and all of Northern Ireland.[76]

Ex-Hurricane Martin

Ex-Hurricane Martin
Ex-Martin near peak intensity while southeast of Greenland on 4 November
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir-Simpson scale
Area affectedGreenland & Ireland
Date of impact3 November –7 November
Maximum wind gust130 km/h (95 mph) (1- min)
Lowest pressure947 hPa (27.96 inHg)[77]
FatalitiesNone
Power outagesNone
DamageNone

Hurricane Martin transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone on 3 November, over the open North Atlantic.[78] The Met Eireann issued advisories for the whole of Ireland in preparation for Martin.[79] A few days later, it approached Ireland before dissipating.

Storm Eva (Ottilie)

Storm Eva (Ottilie)
Storm Eva over the Alps on 4 November 2022
Track of Storm Eva according to the FUB
Area affectedItaly, Libya, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Turkey and Greece
Date of impact4–10 November
Maximum wind gust110 km/h (75 mph)
Lowest pressure1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg)
Fatalities0
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageUnspecified

Storm Eva was named on 4 November 2022.[80] Amber warnings were put in place for southern Italy, and red warnings were put in place for Greece.[81]

Storm Philomena

For the storm from the 2020-2021 season, see Storm Filomena.
Storm Philomena
Storm Philomena near peak intensity while north of Scotland on 9 November
Track of Storm Philomena according to the FUB
Area affectedUnited Kingdom
Date of impact7–10 November
Maximum wind gust110 km/h (70 mph)
Lowest pressure970[convert: needs unit name][82]
Fatalities0
DamageUnspecified

Storm Philomena was named on 7 November 2022.[83] The storm caused wind gusts of over 70 mph (110 km/h) in Cornwall,[84] and on 7:45 CH 10 November, the storm entered a dissipation stage for the Storm Quisina.[85]

Storm Regina

Storm Regina
Storm Regina passing south of Ireland on 16 November
Track of Storm Regina according to the FUB
Area affectedUnited Kingdom
Date of impact14 – 21 November 2022
Lowest pressure975 hPa (28.79 inHg)[86]
FatalitiesNone
Power outagesNone
DamageUnspecified

Storm Regina was named by the FUB on 14 November 2022.[87] The storm passed through the United Kingdom on 17–18 November.[86][88] The storm caused heavy rainfall in both Scotland and England.[89][90]

Storm Fobos

Storm Fobos
Storm Fobos near Italy on November 19
Track of Storm Fobos according to the University of Berlin
Area affectedItaly, Montenegro
Date of impact19 – 24 November 2022
Lowest pressure1,005 hPa (29.68 inHg)[91]
FatalitiesNone
Power outagesNone
DamageUnspecified

Storm Fobos was named by the Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro on 19 November 2022.[8][91] The storm dissipated on 24 November.[92]

Storm Denise

See also: 2022 Ischia landslide
Storm Denise
Storm Denise approaching Italy on 22 November
Track of Storm Denise according to the University of Berlin
Area affectedSpain, Corsica, Italy, Balkans, Ukraine, Russia
Date of impact21 – 27 November 2022
Maximum wind gust100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) [93]
Lowest pressure990 hPa (29.23 inHg)[94]
Fatalities14 (all in Italy) [citation needed]
Damage€2 Million (£1.7 Million)

Storm Denise was named by the AEMET on 21 November 2022.[95] The storm caused wind gusts of more than 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) winds in Mallorca.[95] In Venice, several schools were closed and water levels rose 170 centimetres (5.6 ft), the third most highest recording since modern records began.[96] In Trieste, winds of more than 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) were reported by Vigili del Fuoco.[96] Stormy weather and roughs seas also affected areas in Sicily where ferry services were disrupted from the port at Milazzo. Heavy rain caused some flooding in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia on 22 November. Several people were evacuated in the small town of Bosa. Crashing waves, high tides and storm surge flooded shores along Italy's coastline. Coastal flooding was reported in the provinces of Rome and Latina in the Lazio Region. New Agency ANSA reported a tidal barrier was severely damaged in Ostia. Firefighters rescued families trapped in 1 metre deep floods in coastal areas near Anzio. On the Adriatic Coast, storm surge and high seas flooded coastal areas of Emilia-Romagna Region in the provinces of Forlì-Cesana, Ferrara, Rimini and Ravenna. Flooding was also reported in coastal areas of the Marche Region, including Marina di Montemarciano and Senigallia.[96]

On 22 November, the storm made landfall in Italy.[94] On 23 November, the storm made another landfall in the Balkans.[97] On 25 November, the storm entered the Black Sea[98] and the day after, the storm passed close to Ukraine and Russia.[99] Denise dissipated on 27 November.[100]

On 24 November, an Argentine tourist drowned after being swept into the sea in Furore, while a man was struck and killed by lightning on a beach in Vico Equense.[101] The storm also partially triggered a landslide on the Italian Island of Ischia, killing 12 people.[102][103]

The government has approved a state of emergency, allocating an initial sum of €2m (£1.7m) to help rebuild homes.[104]

Storm Ariel (Yuki)

Storm Ariel
Storm Ariel on 29 November 2022
Track of Storm Ariel according to the University of Berlin
Area affectedItaly, Greece, Macedonia and Malta
Date of impact29 November - 2 December 2022
Lowest pressure1,005 hPa (29.68 inHg)[105]
FatalitiesNone
Power outagesSeveral homes
DamageUnspecified

Storm Ariel was named by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service on 29 November 2022.[106] The same system was named as Yuki by Deutscher Wetterdienst.[105] Ariel caused power outages in many cities and islands. Several schools were closed in Skopelos.[107] Ariel dissipated on 2 December 2022.[108]

Storm Efraín

Storm Efrain
Storm Efrain on 10 December
Track of Storm Efrain according to the University of Berlin
Area affectedPortugal
Date of impact10 December 2022 – 17 December 2022
Lowest pressure955 hPa (28.20 inHg)[109]
Fatalities3 (Indirect)
Power outagesNone
DamageUnspecified

Storm Efraín was named on 10 December 2022.[109] Efrain caused floods in the Tagus basin in Portugal.[110][111] Crossing the cold waters heading towards the Azores and the Iberian Peninsula, a powerful anticyclone blocking its path to higher latitudes, the storm quickly intensified thanks to the presence of an atmospheric river of subtropical origin associated with its southern flank. The storm hit the Iberian Peninsula and France from December 13 to 16 before dissipating.


Efraín brought strong winds, heavy rains and rough seas to the Azores. Flooding due to heavy rains affected the provinces of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha in Spain. Strong gusts and rain caused landslides on the famous Caminito del Rey in Andalusia. Several stations in Madrid have been forced to close due to flooding. An environmental officer drowned during a flood in Villarino de los Aires (Salamanca).

In Portugal, Efraín caused flooding in the Tagus River basin. According to the Portuguese Civil Protection Agency, a government body, some 5,000 rescue workers were on duty across the country and authorities estimated the damage at millions of euros.

In France, the freezing rain and snow associated with the warm front of the system disrupted transport. Two accidents in Saône-et-Loire caused the death of a motorist on the A39 motorway and two truck drivers on a secondary road. The Minister of Transport, Clément Beaune, announced the cancellation of part of the flights from Orly and Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle airports. In Lyon, all the buses remained stationary for part of a morning to avoid accidents.

Storm Gaia (Birgit)

Storm Gaia
Storm Gaia on 10 December
Track of Storm Gaia according to the University of Berlin
Area affectedItaly, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland
Date of impact10 December 2022 - 17 December 2022
Lowest pressure995 hPa (29.38 inHg)[112]
FatalitiesNone

Storm Gaia was named on 10 December 2022.[109] Greece issued warnings.[113]

Storm Fien

Storm Fien
Area affectedSpain, France, Italy & Central Europe.
Date of impact14 - 20 January 2023
Maximum wind gust150 km/h (93 mph) (Pyrenees)
Lowest pressureUnspecified
Fatalities1[114]

On January 14, 2023, the Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMet) assigned the name Fien to the depression then located on Newfoundland. It was moving towards the south of the British Isles.[115][116] It reached the Bay of Biscay on January 17.[117] Then crossing into the Mediterranean, it passed over northern Italy on the 18th and turned northward to end up in the Baltic countries the following day.[118] At 0:00 UTC on January 20, Fien reached northwestern Russia.[119]

Consequently, Orange marine weather warnings for high winds were issued by AEMET for the 15th January for north-western Galicia province, with yellow marine wind warnings stretching all the way to the border with France in Basque.[120]

In France, the southwest was affected during the night of January 16 to 17. Winds of up to 150 km/h (93 mph) were recorded in the Pyrenees, toppling trees and cutting off electricity to 15,000 customers in Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Occitania but without major damage or casualties.[121] According to Météo-France, 30 to 40 mm (1.2 to 1.6 in) of rain fell in the Landes and Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and up to 55 mm (2.2 in) in Tarbes, while above a certain altitude the rain changed to snow.[121] The rain caused flooding in places. Snow in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Haute-Savoie and the Massif Central caused difficulties on the roads and forced the closure of schools.[121] In Corsica, a landslide disrupted trains between Ajaccio and Bastia and ferries were canceled by Corsica Linea.[121]

In Spain, almost the entire country has been put on high alert for high winds, heavy rain and snow, depending on altitude, as well as rough seas. In the north, rivers approached overflow level. An 80-year-old man who disappeared during the storm has been found dead in the port of the Basque town of Bermeo. In Sondika, emergency services rescued a bus full of children stuck on a flooded road.[114] Winds of up to 90 km/h (56 mph) in Barcelona caused damage.[122] After its passage, arctic air gave way to very cold temperatures.

Storm Gérard (Gero)

Storm Gérard
Storm Gérard over eastern France on 16 January 2023
Track of storm Gérard according to the University of Berlin
Area affectedUnited Kingdom, France, Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium and Luxembourg
Date of impact15 January - 17 January 2023
Maximum wind gust163 kilometres per hour (101 mph; 88 kn; 45 m/s) at Brittany coast[123]
Lowest pressure973 hPa (28.73 inHg)[124]
FatalitiesNone
Power outages75,000 customers[125]

Storm Gérard was named on 15 January 2023.[126]

The storm brought strong wind gusts, sleet showers, snow showers, and abundant rainfall across the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Western Europe.[127] Gérard caused strong winds and left at least 75,000 customers without electricity.[125]

The strongest winds of up to 163 km/h (101 mph) were recorded on the Normandy coastline at Carteret, and wind gusts of 158 km/h (98 mph) were recorded on the Brittany coast at Pointe du Raz, while a gust of 132 km/h (82 mph) was recorded on top of the Eiffel Tower, Paris on Sunday night.[123][128] The minimum central pressure within Gérard was around 973 hPa (28.7 inHg).[124]

Strongest wind gusts registered from Storm Gérard in France
Location Wind gust 1-minute sustained windspeed Time (local - GMT+1)
Carteret, Normandy 163 km/h (101 mph)[128] 112 km/h (70 mph)[128] 06h-07h, 16 January 2023[128]
Pointe du Raz, Brittany 158 km/h (98 mph)[129] 109 km/h (68 mph)[129] 03h-04h, 16 January 2023[129]
Ile de Groix, Brittany 154 km/h (96 mph)[130] 102 km/h (63 mph)[130] 03h-04h, 16 January 2023[130]
Belle Ile, Brittany 150 km/h (93 mph)[131] 90 km/h (56 mph)[131] 03h-04h, 16 January 2023[131]
Pointe du Roc, Normandy 144 km/h (89 mph)[132] 102 km/h (63 mph)[132] 06h-07h, 16 January 2023[132]
Vigie du Homet, Normandy 141 km/h (88 mph)[133] 95 km/h (59 mph)[133] 05h-06h, 16 January 2023[133]
Pointe du Chemoulin, Pays de la Loire 137 km/h (85 mph)[134] 94 km/h (58 mph)[134] 03h-04h, 16 January 2023[134]
Ushant (Ouessant), Brittany 137 km/h (85 mph)[135] 93 km/h (58 mph)[135] 02h-03h, 16 January 2023[135]

Storm Hannelore (Jan)

Storm Hannelore
Storm Hannelore on 19 January 2023
Track of Storm Hannelore according to the University of Berlin
Area affectedFrance, Spain, Italy, Croatia, Slovenia, Greece & Turkey
Date of impact19 January 2023 - 28 January 2023
Maximum wind gust144 km/h, Camerano[136]
Lowest pressure1,005 hPa (29.68 inHg)[citation needed]
DamageUnspecified

Storm Hannelore was named on 19 January 2023.[137] The storm was last noted on 28 January.[138]

Season effects

Storm Dates active Highest wind gust Lowest pressure Areas affected Fatalities (+missing) Damage Refs
Danielle 8–15 September 2022 100 km/h (62 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Portugal and Spain None Moderate
Ana 15–21 September 2022 75 km/h (47 mph) Unspecified France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine and Poland 12 (+1) Unspecified [citation needed]
Bogdan 24–29 September 2022 95 km/h (59 mph) Unspecified Tunisia, Italy, Greece and Balkans None Unspecified
Clio 25–26 September 2022 35 km/h (22 mph) Unspecified Montenegro None Unspecified
Dino 30 September – 6 October 2022 135 km/h (84 mph) Unspecified Italy and Greece None Unspecified
Bettina 7–13 October 2022 180 km/h (110 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Iceland None Unspecified
Elke 14–21 October 2022 145 km/h (90 mph) Unspecified United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia and Russia None Unspecified
Armand 19–23 October 2022 133 km/h (83 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Portugal, France, United Kingdom and Ireland None Unspecified
Béatrice 20–27 October 2022 140 km/h (87 mph) 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) Iceland, Iberia, France and United Kingdom None Unspecified
Cláudio 30 October – 2 November 2022 185 km/h (115 mph) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) United Kingdom, France, Netherlands 1 [citation needed] Unspecified
Marion 1–8 November 2022 Unspecified 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) British Isles None Unspecified
Martin 3-7 November 2022 130 km/h (81 mph) 947 hPa (27.96 inHg) Greenland None None
Eva 4–10 November 2022 100 km/h (62 mph) 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) Italy, Libya, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Turkey None Unspecified
Philomena 7–10 November 2022 110 km/h (68 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) United Kingdom None Unspecified
Regina 14–21 November 2022 Unspecified 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) United Kingdom None Unspecified
Fobos 19–24 November 2022 Unspecified 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) Italy None Unspecified
Denise 21–27 November 2022 100 km/h (62 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Spain, Italy, Corsica, Balkans, Ukraine, Russia 14 €2 Million
(£1.7 Million) 		[citation needed]
Ariel 29 November-2 December 2022 Unspecified 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) Italy, Greece None Unspecified
Efrain 10–17 December 2022 Unspecified 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) Portugal 3 Unspecified
Gaia Unspecified 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Greece, Italy, Montenegro None Unspecified
Fien 14-20 January 2023 Unspecified Unspecified Spain, France, Italy, Central Europe 1 Unspecified [114]
Gérard 15–17 January 2023 163 km/h (101 mph) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) France, United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Ireland None Unspecified
Hannelore 19–28 January 2023 Unspecified 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) France, Spain, Italy, Turkey, Croatia, Greece & Slovenia None Unspecified

See also

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  122. ^ "La tempête Fien provoque des dégâts à Barcelone" (in French). Equinox Magazine. 17 January 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  123. ^ a b "Weather warnings for Paris and northern France as Storm Gérard batters country". thelocal.fr. 16 January 2023.
  124. ^ a b "Meteociel - Archives de la pression atmosphérique observée en France". www.meteociel.fr. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  125. ^ a b "Tempête Gérard : 75 000 clients privés d'électricité dans l'ouest de la France à cause des vents violents". midilibre.fr (in French). 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  126. ^ "Aktion Wetterpate". www.wetterpate.de (in German). 2 October 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  127. ^ "Cold Arctic air and two European storms, Gerard and Fien, add to a wintry week". www.netweather.tv. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  128. ^ a b c d "Meteociel - Observations Carteret (50) - données météo de la station - Tableaux horaires en temps réel". www.meteociel.fr. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  129. ^ a b c "Meteociel - Observations Pointe du Raz (29) - données météo de la station - Tableaux horaires en temps réel". www.meteociel.fr. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  130. ^ a b c "Meteociel - Observations Ile de Groix (56) - données météo de la station - Tableaux horaires en temps réel". www.meteociel.fr. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  131. ^ a b c "Meteociel - Observations Le Talut - Belle-Ile (56) - données météo de la station - Tableaux horaires en temps réel". www.meteociel.fr. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  132. ^ a b c "Meteociel - Observations Pointe du Roc - Granville (50) - données météo de la station - Tableaux horaires en temps réel". www.meteociel.fr. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  133. ^ a b c "Meteociel - Observations Vigie du Homet (50) - données météo de la station - Tableaux horaires en temps réel". www.meteociel.fr. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  134. ^ a b c "Meteociel - Observations Pointe de Chemoulin (44) - données météo de la station - Tableaux horaires en temps réel". www.meteociel.fr. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  135. ^ a b c "Meteociel - Observations Ouessant (29) - données météo de la station - Tableaux horaires en temps réel". www.meteociel.fr. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  136. ^ https://www.ilmeteo.it/portale/meteo-oggi
  137. ^ @Meteofrance (19 January 2023). "#Tempête #Hannelore officiellement nommée. ❄️💨Chutes de #neige notables (départements en #vigilanceorange #neigeverglas) et coup de vent d'ouest au sud de la Garonne (rafales 80 à 90 km/h, loc 100 km/h sur côtes Aquitaine). 💨 Fort coup de vent en Méditerranée demain". Twitter. Météo-France. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  138. ^ "Analyse Surface 28-01-23". Deutscher Wetterdienst (in German). Free University of Berlin. 28 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
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