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The '''Drin''' ({{IPAc-en|d|r|iː|n}};<ref>{{cite web |title=Drin |url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/drin?s=t |website=dictionary.com |language=en}}</ref> {{lang-sq|Drin}} {{IPA-sq|dɾin|}} or {{lang|sq|Drini}} {{IPA-sq|ˈdɾini|}}; {{lang-mk|Дрим|Drim}} {{IPA-mk|drim|}}) is a [[river]] in [[Southeastern Europe]] with two [[distributary|distributaries]] one discharging into the [[Adriatic Sea]] and the other one into the [[Bojana (river)|Bojana River]]. Its [[drainage basin|catchment area]] extends across [[Albania]], [[Kosovo]], [[Serbia]], [[Greece]], [[Montenegro]] and [[North Macedonia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Internationally Shared Surface Water Bodies in the Balkan Region|url=http://www.inweb.gr/workshops2/sub_basins/8_Drin.html|website=inweb.gr|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Streissguth2011"/> The river and its tributaries form the [[Gulf of Drin]], an [[ocean basin]] that encompasses the northern [[Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast]].
The '''Drin''' ({{IPAc-en|d|r|iː|n}};<ref>{{cite web |title=Drin |url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/drin?s=t |website=dictionary.com |language=en}}</ref> {{lang-sq|Drin}} {{IPA-sq|dɾin|}} or {{lang|sq|Drini}} {{IPA-sq|ˈdɾini|}}; {{lang-mk|Дрим|Drim}} {{IPA-mk|drim|}}) is a [[river]] in [[Southeastern Europe]] with two major [[tributaries]] – the [[White Drin]] and the [[Black Drin]] and two [[distributary|distributaries]] – one discharging into the [[Adriatic Sea]], in the [[Gulf of Drin]] and the other one into the [[Bojana (river)|Bojana River]]. Its [[drainage basin|catchment area]] extends across [[Albania]], [[Kosovo]], [[Serbia]], [[Greece]], [[Montenegro]] and [[North Macedonia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Internationally Shared Surface Water Bodies in the Balkan Region|url=http://www.inweb.gr/workshops2/sub_basins/8_Drin.html|website=inweb.gr|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Streissguth2011"/> The river and its tributaries form the [[Gulf of Drin]], an [[ocean basin]] that encompasses the northern [[Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast]].


At {{convert|335|km|abbr=off|0}} long, the Drin is the [[Rivers of Albania|longest river]] of Albania of which {{convert|285|km|abbr=off|0}} passes across Albania and the remainder through Kosovo and North Macedonia. It starts at the [[Source (river)|confluence]] of its two headwaters, namely the [[Black Drin]] and [[White Drin]]. It originates in the mountainous [[Northern Mountain Range (Albania)|northern mountain range]], flows westwards through the [[Albanian Alps]] and [[Dukagjin highlands|Dukagjin Highlands]], and eventually drains into the [[Adriatic Sea]], between [[Shëngjin]] and [[Durrës]]. Numerous [[lake]]s and [[reservoir]]s are formed by the river or flow into it such as the [[Fierza (reservoir)|Fierza Lake]] and [[Lake Koman|Koman Lake]].
At {{convert|335|km|abbr=off|0}} long, the Drin is the [[Rivers of Albania|longest river]] of Albania of which {{convert|285|km|abbr=off|0}} passes across Albania and the remainder through Kosovo and North Macedonia. It starts at the [[Source (river)|confluence]] of its two headwaters, namely the [[Black Drin]] and [[White Drin]]. It originates in the mountainous [[Northern Mountain Range (Albania)|northern mountain range]], flows westwards through the [[Albanian Alps]] and [[Dukagjin highlands|Dukagjin Highlands]], and eventually drains into the [[Adriatic Sea]], between [[Shëngjin]] and [[Durrës]]. Numerous [[lake]]s and [[reservoir]]s are formed by the river or flow into it such as the [[Fierza (reservoir)|Fierza Lake]] and [[Lake Koman|Koman Lake]].

Revision as of 21:45, 8 October 2023

Not to be confused with Drina River.
For other uses, see Drin (disambiguation).
Drin
Drin delta flowing through Shkodër
Location
Countries
RegionSouthern Europe
Cities
Physical characteristics
SourceWhite Drin at Zhleb Mountains near Radavc
 • locationKosovo, Peja District
2nd sourceBlack Drin at Lake Ohrid near Struga
 • locationNorth Macedonia, Struga Municipality
Source confluenceNear Kukës
 • locationKukës County, Albania
MouthLarge Drin: Bojana River
Small Drin: Gulf of Drin
 • location
Large Drin: Shkodër County
Small Drin: Lezhë County, Albania
 • elevation
5 m (16 ft)
Length335 km (208 mi)
Basin size19,686[1] km2 (7,601 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • locationthe river mouth
 • average352 m3/s (12,400 cu ft/s)
 • maximum1,800[2] m3/s (64,000 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftBlack Drin, Mirusha, Prizren, Toplluha
 • rightWhite Drin, Sateska, Radika, Perro, Bushtrica, White Drin: Peja, Deçan, Erenik, Black Drin: Valbona, Shala, Kir, Mertur
ProgressionAdriatic Sea

The Drin (/driːn/;[3] Albanian: Drin [dɾin] or Drini [ˈdɾini]; Macedonian: Дрим, romanized: Drim [drim]) is a river in Southeastern Europe with two major tributaries – the White Drin and the Black Drin and two distributaries – one discharging into the Adriatic Sea, in the Gulf of Drin and the other one into the Bojana River. Its catchment area extends across Albania, Kosovo, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro and North Macedonia.[4][5] The river and its tributaries form the Gulf of Drin, an ocean basin that encompasses the northern Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast.

At 335 kilometres (208 miles) long, the Drin is the longest river of Albania of which 285 kilometres (177 miles) passes across Albania and the remainder through Kosovo and North Macedonia. It starts at the confluence of its two headwaters, namely the Black Drin and White Drin. It originates in the mountainous northern mountain range, flows westwards through the Albanian Alps and Dukagjin Highlands, and eventually drains into the Adriatic Sea, between Shëngjin and Durrës. Numerous lakes and reservoirs are formed by the river or flow into it such as the Fierza Lake and Koman Lake.

Located in the Balkan Peninsula at the crossroad of Europe and Asia, the river basin's varied climate and topography have shaped a vast array of flora and fauna. In addition, it has been recognised as one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in Europe.[6][7] The Drin Delta is classified as an Important Bird Area of international importance by designation under the BirdLife International Convention.[8]

Etymology

The name of the river is recorded in Ancient Greek as Drilon (Δρίλων) and in Latin as Drinus. The name is considered to be of Illyrian origin.[9] The form Drin- has been evidenced by Pliny the Elder (fl. 1st century AD) and is most likely primary. The ancient name Drinus has undergone sound changes reaching the current Albanian form Drin through the evolution of Albanian sound changes.[10][9] The Macedonian name of the river is Дрим, Drim. Homonym rivers are Drino between southern Albania and northwestern Greece, and Drina between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia.

Geography

Mouth of Drin and Gulf of Drin on the Adriatic coast in northern Albania.

The Drin originates near the town of Kukës, in the northeast of Albania, at the confluence of the rivers Black Drin and White Drin. It then flows west for about 335 km (208 mi) passing through the Albanian Alps and Fierzë then upon reaching the Dukagjini highlands, flowing then to the south through Apripë e Gurit, Toplanë, Dushman, Koman, Vjerdhë Mazrrek, Rragam, and Pale Lalej. At Vau i Dejës, it enters the low Shkodër Field and splits into two arms. One empties into the Gulf of Drin into the Adriatic Sea southwest of Lezhë, forming the Mouth of Drin. The other empties into the Bojana River near the Rozafa Castle.

Measured from the source of White Drin, the rivers length is 335 km (208 mi), making it the longest river in Albania.[5] The Black Drin flows out from the Lake Ohrid near Struga and flow through eastern Albania and western North Macedonia. The White Drin originates from the Zhleb mountain, north of the town of Peja in the Metohija region of Kosovo, and flows from there through to Albania.[11]

The basin encompasses the transboundary subbasins of Lake Shkodër (largest lake in Southern Europe),[12] Lake Ohrid (one of the most ancient lakes in the World),[13] Lake Prespa and Small Prespa Lake and also the tributaries, namely Black Drin, White Drin and Bojana River. All these subbasins and tributaries are home to numerous species of mammals, vascular plants, insects, amphibians, fish and birds.

The Drin is extremely important for the Albanian economy, especially for its electrical production. Four hydropower facilities produce most of Albania's electricity (over 1200MW capacity). The artificial Lake Fierza created by the dam at Fierzë is the largest artificial lake in Albania with its surface of 73 km². The second largest artificial lake is also built on this river. Vau i Dejës lake has an area of 25 km². Construction of the Fierza power station caused some controversy in the 1980s. Without reaching any agreement, the Albanian government ordered the reservoir to be filled with water, which flooded some border areas of Kosovo, then part of Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav government protested, but no solution was agreed on. Thus, today, Lake Fierza is shared by Albania and Kosovo.[citation needed]

Watershed basin
  • Drin
      • Black Drin
        • (L): Balicikë and Jabllanicë streams
        • (R): Dallgash stream
        • Radikë river, Mavrovë and Carakë streams, Zalli i Bulqizës river
          • (L): Banjë, Deshat, Gramë, Tepuz, Veleshicë, Prillushë and Tershan streams
          • (R): Mur, Setë, Mollë and Lurë streams
      • White Drin
        • Lumë river
          • Orgjost and Topojan streams
        • (R): Bistrica e Pejës
        • (R): Bistrica e Deçanit
        • (R): Erenik
        • (L): Bistrica e Prizrenit
        • (L): Mirusha
        • (L): Toplluha, Klinë
        • (L): Istok
    • Valbonë
      • Pecmarë, Vrulla e Shoshanit, Gashi and Tropojë streams
    • Shalë
      • Okol and Shtrazë streams
      • Theth river
        • Kaprej and Maja e Zezë streams
      • Bigë, Gura e Lekajt, Kosan and Shehu i Abatit streams
      • Stupje stream
        • Lesniqe river
    • Nikaj
      • (L): Curraj stream
        • Kuç stream
      • (R): Nikaj stream
    • Gjadër and Kir rivers

History

The ancient name of the river was Drilon. The valley of the river was inhabited by several Illyrian peoples. It was probably dominated at some point and to some extent by the Enchele.[14] The tribal territory of the Taulantii and of the Labeatae was most likely located near the river.[15]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to River Drin.

Bibliography

  • Demiraj, Shaban (2006). The origin of the Albanians: linguistically investigated. Academy of Sciences of Albania. ISBN 9789994381715. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020.
  • Katičić, Radoslav (1976). Ancient Languages of the Balkans. Mouton. ISBN 978-9027933058.
  • Shpuza, Saimir (2017). Dyczek, Piotr (ed.). "Scodra and the Labeates. Cities, rural fortifications and territorial defense in the Hellenistic period". Novensia. 28. Warszawa: Ośrodek Badań nad Antykiem Europy Południowo-Wschodniej: 41–64. ISBN 978-83-946222-5-1. ISSN 0860-5777.

Further reading

  • Mala Prosvetina Enciklopedija, Third edition (1985); Prosveta; ISBN 86-07-00001-2
  • Jovan Đ. Marković (1990): Enciklopedijski geografski leksikon Jugoslavije; Svjetlost-Sarajevo; ISBN 86-01-02651-6

References

  1. ^ Elisabeta Poci. "HYDROLOGY OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY DRIN RIVER BASIN" (PDF). ce.utexas.edu. University of Texas at Austin.
  2. ^ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. "ALBANIA". fao.org.
  3. ^ "Drin". dictionary.com.
  4. ^ "Internationally Shared Surface Water Bodies in the Balkan Region". inweb.gr.
  5. ^ a b Tom Streissguth (2011). Albania in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7613-6378-1. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  6. ^ "The natural wealth and legacy of the Drin River Basin: inspiring our collective actions" (PDF). act4drin.net. p. 7.
  7. ^ "Drin River Basin The blue heart of the Balkans" (PDF). mio-ecsde.org. p. 4.
  8. ^ BirdLife International. "Drini Delta". datazone.birdlife.org.
  9. ^ a b Demiraj 2006, pp. 146, 148−149.
  10. ^ Katičić 1976, p. 186.
  11. ^ Klement Tockner; Urs Uehlinger; Christopher T. Robinson (31 January 2009). Rivers of Europe. Academic Press. p. 1156. ISBN 978-0-08-091908-9. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  12. ^ "A new freshwater snail genus (Hydrobiidae, Gastropoda) from Montenegro, with a discussion on gastropod diversity and endemism in Skadar Lake". zookeys.pensoft.net. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  13. ^ "Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region". whc.unesco.org. pp. UNESCO. Situated on the shores of Lake Ohrid, the town of Ohrid is one of the oldest human settlements in Europe; Lake Ohrid is a superlative natural phenomenon, providing refuge for numerous endemic and relict freshwater species of flora and fauna dating from the tertiary period. As a deep and ancient lake of tectonic origin, Lake Ohrid has existed continuously for approximately two to three million years.
  14. ^ Wilkes, J. J. (1995), The Illyrians, Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing, p. 99, ISBN 0-631-19807-5
  15. ^ Shpuza 2017, p. 43.
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