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Somalia is inhabited by five major ethnic clans and one minor ethnic clan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis I. M.|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|date=1999|publisher=James Currey Publishers|isbn=0852552807|pages=11–14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA11|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref> The five major clans are the [[Darod]], [[Dir (clan)|Dir]], [[Hawiye]], [[Isaaq]], [[Rahanweyn]] and the minor clan called is the [[Asharaf]]. The major sub-clans within Darod are [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaden]], [[Dhulbahante]], [[Jidwaaq]], Leelkase, [[Majeerteen]], [[Marehan]], [[Warsangali]], [[Awrtable]], [[Dishiishe]], and Mora'ase. [[Darod]] is practically the largest clan because they operate in almost all parts of the country. Within the Dir clan there is the Issa, Gadabuursi, Surre, and Biimaal. All of these clans make up the area known as “Greater Somalia” ([[Kenya]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Dijibouti]], [[Somalia]]).<ref>{{cite journal|title=State Collapse, Insurgency, and Famine in the Horn of Africa: Legitimacy and the Ongoing Somali Crisis|first=J. Peter|last=Pham|journal=The Journal of the Middle East and Africa|volume=2|issue=2|year=2011|pages=153–187|doi=10.1080/21520844.2011.617238|s2cid=154845182 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/773526/Somalia_-_Clans_-_CPIN_V3.0e.pdf|title=Country Policy and Information Note Somalia: Majority clans and minority groups in south and central Somalia|publisher=Home Office|date=January 2019|pages=13–14|accessdate=6 October 2022}}</ref> Leelkase is a sub-clan of the [[Tanade]], one of the oldest [[Darod]] clans.<ref name="Lewismhs">I.M. Lewis, ''A Modern History of the Somali'', fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 23</ref>
Somalia is inhabited by five major ethnic clans and one minor ethnic clan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis I. M.|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|date=1999|publisher=James Currey Publishers|isbn=0852552807|pages=11–14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA11|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref> The five major clans are the [[Darod]], [[Dir (clan)|Dir]], [[Hawiye]], [[Isaaq]], [[Rahanweyn]] and the minor clan called is the [[Asharaf]]. The major sub-clans within Darod are [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaden]], [[Dhulbahante]], [[Jidwaaq]], Leelkase, [[Majeerteen]], [[Marehan]], [[Warsangali]], [[Awrtable]], [[Dishiishe]], and Mora'ase. [[Darod]] is practically the largest clan because they operate in almost all parts of the country. Within the Dir clan there is the Issa, Gadabuursi, Surre, and Biimaal. All of these clans make up the area known as “Greater Somalia” ([[Kenya]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Dijibouti]], [[Somalia]]).<ref>{{cite journal|title=State Collapse, Insurgency, and Famine in the Horn of Africa: Legitimacy and the Ongoing Somali Crisis|first=J. Peter|last=Pham|journal=The Journal of the Middle East and Africa|volume=2|issue=2|year=2011|pages=153–187|doi=10.1080/21520844.2011.617238|s2cid=154845182 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/773526/Somalia_-_Clans_-_CPIN_V3.0e.pdf|title=Country Policy and Information Note Somalia: Majority clans and minority groups in south and central Somalia|publisher=Home Office|date=January 2019|pages=13–14|accessdate=6 October 2022}}</ref> Leelkase is a sub-clan of the [[Tanade]], one of the oldest [[Darod]] clans.<ref name="Lewismhs">I.M. Lewis, ''A Modern History of the Somali'', fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 23</ref>


The Leelkase community can be described as a religious community, peace loving and always caring for its neighbors. The Leelkase have received the nickname; "Darbi Darod" (The wall of Darod) which is a testament of their bravery against the [[Hawiye]] clan during the civil wars of Somalia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roble |first=Faisal |date=2013-11-08 |title=Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991: A Book Review |url=https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/11/08/clan-cleansing-in-somalia-the-ruinous-legacy-of-1991-a-book-review/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Reinventing Peace |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=UNHCR |first=Agency |title=Somalia: Information on the present treatment of the Darood tribe by the Hawiye tribe, forming the backbone of the United Somali Congress, in Mogadishu |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6aba123.html}}</ref> The Leelkase clan have a strong presence in the northern regions surrounding [[Mudug]], [[Nugal, Somalia|Nugal]] and [[Bari, Somalia|Bari]], specifically in the cities of [[Galdogob]], [[Galkayo]], [[Bayla]], [[Eyl]], and [[Garowe]]. The rest of the clan are largely scattered throughout most of the country including portions of [[Lower Juba]], [[Middle Juba]] and [[Bay,_Somalia|Bay]]. Along the [[Somali Region]] of Ethiopia, fractions of the Leelkase clan such as the Karkar community; (Caris, Ceel, Dhidir, Buurbuur, Arindheer) make up significant numbers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Issa-Salwe |first=Abdisalam M. |title=The Collapse of The Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy |url=https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/5265/1/The%20Collapse%20of%20The%20Somali%20State%20-The%20Impact%20of%20the%20Colonial%20Legacy.pdf}}</ref>
The Leelkase community can be described as a religious community, peace loving and always caring for its neighbors. The Leelkase have received the nickname; "Darbi Darod" (The wall of Darod) which is a testament of their bravery against the [[Hawiye]] clan during the civil wars of Somalia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roble |first=Faisal |date=2013-11-08 |title=Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991: A Book Review |url=https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/11/08/clan-cleansing-in-somalia-the-ruinous-legacy-of-1991-a-book-review/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Reinventing Peace |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=UNHCR |first=Agency |title=Somalia: Information on the present treatment of the Darood tribe by the Hawiye tribe, forming the backbone of the United Somali Congress, in Mogadishu |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6aba123.html}}</ref> The Leelkase clan have a strong presence in the northern regions surrounding [[Mudug]], [[Nugal, Somalia|Nugal]] and [[Bari, Somalia|Bari]], mainly in the cities of [[Galdogob]], [[Galkayo]], [[Garowe]], [[Eyl]], and [[Bayla]]. The rest of the clan are largely scattered throughout most of the country including portions of [[Lower Juba]], [[Middle Juba]] and [[Bay,_Somalia|Bay]]. Along the [[Somali Region]] of Ethiopia, fractions of the Leelkase clan such as the Karkar community; (Caris, Ceel, Dhidir, Buurbuur, Arindheer) make up significant numbers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Issa-Salwe |first=Abdisalam M. |title=The Collapse of The Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy |url=https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/5265/1/The%20Collapse%20of%20The%20Somali%20State%20-The%20Impact%20of%20the%20Colonial%20Legacy.pdf}}</ref>


==Notable figures==
==Notable figures==

Revision as of 19:45, 19 January 2024

Leelkase
ليلكسة
Politicians belonging to the Leelkase clan holding a rally.
Regions with significant populations
 Somalia
 Puntland
 Jubaland
 Somali Region
Languages
Somali & Arabic
Religion
islam (Sunni)
Related ethnic groups
Dhulbahante, Marehan, Warsangali, Majerteen, Dishiishe, Awrtable, Ogaden and other Darod groups

The Leelkase[1] or Lailkase[2] or Lelkase[3] (Somali: Laylkase[4], Arabic: ليلكسة) (Hussein bin Abdirahman bin Is'mail bin Ibrahim al Jaberti) is a major subclan of the Tanade Darod clan.[3] The term "Leelkase" is a nickname, which translates to "farsighted, mindful, smart or intelligent”

Clan tree

In the Northeast regions of Somalia, the World Bank shows the following clan tree:[5]

  • Darod
  • Tanade
  • Maalismoge
  • Leelkase
  • Musa Ali
    • Fiqi Ali
      • Yusuf
        • Mohamed Arab
      • Osman
        • Omar Osman
          • Fiqi Ismail
        • Adan Osman
          • Mohamed Adan
          • Mumin Adan
            • Mohamed Mumin (Xer)
              • Reer Haji Omar
              • Reer Haji Ali
              • Reer Hassan Hussein
              • Reer Ahmed
              • Reer Farah
              • Reer Abikar
              • Reer Mansor
              • Bihni-waydaw
              • Bihni-fiqixasan
              • Bihni-bicidyahan
            • Hirsi Mumin
            • Aamin Mumin
              • Abukar Aamin
              • Cilmi Aamin
            • Hamud Mumin
              • Nor Hamud
              • Mahamud Hamud
              • Barkadle Hamud
              • Aweis Hamud
              • Shamuun Hamud
              • Mahi Hamud
            • Ali Mumin
            • Hassan Mumin
              • Reer Mohamed Hassan
                  • Reer Cumar
                  • Reer Nuur
                  • Reer Ceerigaabo
                  • Reer Qayliye
      • Idiris Osman
        • Reer Xasan
  • Mahamud Ali

Below is list of the Major Leelkase Subclans and cities / towns they reside:

The Musa Ali further divides into the prominent Mumin Aden clans of the Mudug Region and the Somali Region of Ethiopia, and Hassan Idiris Clan of the Nugaal, Sool and Bari regions and as well as the Fiqi Ismail of Mudug region.

The Mahamud Ali clans settle in the Bari region of North Eastern Somalia; particularly in Bandar Beyla district. Hashim Ali is divided into the Malismoge clans and settle in the Mudug region. Gambayah (Somali: Gambayax, Arabic جمبيح) is a District in the Nugal region of Puntland state of Somalia. It lies approximately 50km Northeast of the city of Garoowe. The town is populated by the Rooble Hassan subclan of Leelkase, and other Idiris Osman clans. The city has a population of approximately 800,060.

Nugaal-gibin (Somali: Nugaal gibin, Arabic: نوغال غبن) is a District in the Mudug region of Puntland state of Somalia. It lies approximately 40 km southeast of the city of Galdogob. The town is populated by the Xirsi Muumin subclan of Leelkase, and other Mumin Adan clans. The city has a population of approximately 600,000.

Population

As of 2005, the broader Galdogob District had a total population of 40,433 residents mostly Leelkase 33,366 of inhabitants were urban and 57,067 were non-urban. Bayla has a population of around 16,700 inhabitants. The broader Bayla District has a total population of 14,376 residents. Bayla is primarily inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the Majeerteen and Leelkase Darod well-represented. The broader Garowe District has an estimated total population of 190,000 residents. As with most of Puntland, it is primarily inhabited by Somalis from the Harti Darod clan confederation, in particular the Majerteen aswell as the Leelkase Darod clans. The Leelkase are also dominant in Garsoor, largest neighborhood of Galkayo with an estimated population of 137,667 inhabitants.[6][7]

History

Somalia is inhabited by five major ethnic clans and one minor ethnic clan.[8] The five major clans are the Darod, Dir, Hawiye, Isaaq, Rahanweyn and the minor clan called is the Asharaf. The major sub-clans within Darod are Ogaden, Dhulbahante, Jidwaaq, Leelkase, Majeerteen, Marehan, Warsangali, Awrtable, Dishiishe, and Mora'ase. Darod is practically the largest clan because they operate in almost all parts of the country. Within the Dir clan there is the Issa, Gadabuursi, Surre, and Biimaal. All of these clans make up the area known as “Greater Somalia” (Kenya, Ethiopia, Dijibouti, Somalia).[9][10] Leelkase is a sub-clan of the Tanade, one of the oldest Darod clans.[11]

The Leelkase community can be described as a religious community, peace loving and always caring for its neighbors. The Leelkase have received the nickname; "Darbi Darod" (The wall of Darod) which is a testament of their bravery against the Hawiye clan during the civil wars of Somalia.[12][13] The Leelkase clan have a strong presence in the northern regions surrounding Mudug, Nugal and Bari, mainly in the cities of Galdogob, Galkayo, Garowe, Eyl, and Bayla. The rest of the clan are largely scattered throughout most of the country including portions of Lower Juba, Middle Juba and Bay. Along the Somali Region of Ethiopia, fractions of the Leelkase clan such as the Karkar community; (Caris, Ceel, Dhidir, Buurbuur, Arindheer) make up significant numbers.[14]

Notable figures

References

  1. ^ "Roots of Insecurity in Puntland". Archived from the original on 2016-04-05.
  2. ^ United Nations Security Council, Letter dated 21 November 2006 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee..., p. 20
  3. ^ a b World Bank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics , pp. 56-57
  4. ^ "Warsaxaafadeed: Beesha Laylkase oo Saxaafada kula Hadashay Garoowe Dhaliishayna Saamiga Lagasiiyay Golaha Wasiirada (Sawirro)". Archived from the original on 2017-06-08. Retrieved 2015-10-04.
  5. ^ "Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics" (PDF). Worldbank. p. 56 Figure A-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-03-16.
  6. ^ "Livelihood Baseline Profile: Galkayo Urban" (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization. October 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  7. ^ Yusuf, Zakaria; Khalif, Abdul (10 December 2015). "Galkayo and Somalia's Dangerous Faultlines". International Crisis Group. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  8. ^ Lewis I. M. (1999). A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. James Currey Publishers. pp. 11–14. ISBN 0852552807. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  9. ^ Pham, J. Peter (2011). "State Collapse, Insurgency, and Famine in the Horn of Africa: Legitimacy and the Ongoing Somali Crisis". The Journal of the Middle East and Africa. 2 (2): 153–187. doi:10.1080/21520844.2011.617238. S2CID 154845182.
  10. ^ "Country Policy and Information Note Somalia: Majority clans and minority groups in south and central Somalia" (PDF). Home Office. January 2019. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  11. ^ I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 23
  12. ^ Roble, Faisal (2013-11-08). "Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991: A Book Review". Reinventing Peace. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
  13. ^ UNHCR, Agency. "Somalia: Information on the present treatment of the Darood tribe by the Hawiye tribe, forming the backbone of the United Somali Congress, in Mogadishu".
  14. ^ Issa-Salwe, Abdisalam M. "The Collapse of The Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy" (PDF).


Part of a series on
Somali clans
Darod
Isaaq
Dir
Hawiye
Rahanweyn
Benadiri
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