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* [[Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi]]
* [[Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi]]
* [[Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi]] (854–931), pioneer of [[peer review]] and [[medical peer review]]<ref>Ray Spier (2002), "The history of the peer-review process", ''Trends in Biotechnology'' '''20''' (8), p. 357-358 [357].</ref>
* [[Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi]] (854–931), pioneer of [[peer review]] and [[medical peer review]]<ref>Ray Spier (2002), "The history of the peer-review process", ''Trends in Biotechnology'' '''20''' (8), p. 357-358 [357].</ref>
* [[Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi]] (Rhazes), father of [[pediatrics]],<ref name=Tschanz>David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", ''Heart Views'' '''4''' (2).</ref> and pioneer of [[allergology]], [[immunology]]<ref name=Saad>Bashar Saad, Hassan Azaizeh, Omar Said (October 2005). "Tradition and Perspectives of Arab Herbal Medicine: A Review", ''Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine'' '''2''' (4), p. 475-479 [476]. [[Oxford University Press]].</ref> and [[chemotherapy]]<ref>[http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/The_Valuable_Contributions_of_al-Razi_in_the_History_of_Pharmacy.pdf The Valuable Contribution of al-Razi (Rhazes) to the History of Pharmacy], FSTC.</ref>
* [[Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi]] (Rhazes), father of [[pediatrics]],<ref name=Tschanz/> and pioneer of [[allergology]], [[immunology]]<ref name=Saad>Bashar Saad, Hassan Azaizeh, Omar Said (October 2005). "Tradition and Perspectives of Arab Herbal Medicine: A Review", ''Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine'' '''2''' (4), p. 475-479 [476]. [[Oxford University Press]].</ref> and [[chemotherapy]]<ref>[http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/The_Valuable_Contributions_of_al-Razi_in_the_History_of_Pharmacy.pdf The Valuable Contribution of al-Razi (Rhazes) to the History of Pharmacy], FSTC.</ref>
* [[Al-Farabi]] (Alpharabius)
* [[Al-Farabi]] (Alpharabius)
* [[Abul Hasan al-Tabari]] - physician
* [[Abul Hasan al-Tabari]] - physician
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* [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen), pioneer of [[eye surgery]], [[visual system]]<ref name=Saad/> and [[visual perception]]<ref name=Steffens>Bradley Steffens (2006). ''Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist'', Chapter 5. Morgan Reynolds Publishing. ISBN 1599350246.</ref>
* [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen), pioneer of [[eye surgery]], [[visual system]]<ref name=Saad/> and [[visual perception]]<ref name=Steffens>Bradley Steffens (2006). ''Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist'', Chapter 5. Morgan Reynolds Publishing. ISBN 1599350246.</ref>
* [[Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī]]
* [[Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī]]
* [[Avicenna]] (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) - father of modern [[medicine]],<ref name=Cesk>Cas Lek Cesk (1980). "The father of medicine, Avicenna, in our science and culture: Abu Ali ibn Sina (980-1037)", ''Becka J.'' '''119''' (1), p. 17-23.</ref> founder of [[Unani]] medicine, pioneer of [[Biomedical research|experimental medicine]], [[evidence-based medicine]], [[pharmaceutical sciences]], [[clinical pharmacology]], [[aromatherapy]], [[Pulse|pulsology and sphygmology]], and also a philosopher
* [[Avicenna]] (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) - father of modern [[medicine]],<ref name=Cesk>Cas Lek Cesk (1980). "The father of medicine, Avicenna, in our science and culture: Abu Ali ibn Sina (980-1037)", ''Becka J.'' '''119''' (1), p. 17-23.</ref> founder of [[Unani]] medicine,<ref name=Patricia/> pioneer of [[Biomedical research|experimental medicine]], [[evidence-based medicine]], [[pharmaceutical sciences]], [[clinical pharmacology]],<ref name=Tschanz>David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", ''Heart Views'' '''4''' (2).</ref> [[aromatherapy]],<ref>Marlene Ericksen (2000). ''Healing with Aromatherapy'', p. 9. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0658003828.</ref> [[Pulse|pulsology and sphygmology]],<ref>Rachel Hajar (1999), "The Greco-Islamic Pulse", ''Heart Views'' '''1''' (4), pp. 136-140 [138-140].</ref> and also a philosopher
* [[Ibn Miskawayh]]
* [[Ibn Miskawayh]]
* [[Ibn Zuhr]] (Avenzoar) - father of experimental [[surgery]], pioneer of experimental [[anatomy]], experimental [[physiology]], human [[dissection]], [[autopsy]] and [[tracheotomy]]
* [[Ibn Zuhr]] (Avenzoar) - father of experimental [[surgery]],<ref name=Rabie2006>Rabie E. Abdel-Halim (2006), "Contributions of Muhadhdhab Al-Deen Al-Baghdadi to the progress of medicine and urology", ''Saudi Medical Journal'' '''27''' (11): 1631-1641.</ref> and pioneer of experimental [[anatomy]], experimental [[physiology]], human [[dissection]], [[autopsy]]<ref name=Hutchinson>[http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Islamic+medicine Islamic medicine], ''[[Hutchinson Encyclopedia]]''.</ref> and [[tracheotomy]]<ref name=Makki>A. I. Makki. "Needles & Pins", ''AlShindagah'' '''68''', Januray-February 2006.</ref>
* [[Ibn Bajjah]] (Avempace)
* [[Ibn Bajjah]] (Avempace)
* [[Ibn Tufail]] (Abubacer)
* [[Ibn Tufail]] (Abubacer)
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* [[Ibn al-Baitar]]
* [[Ibn al-Baitar]]
* [[Nasir al-Din Tusi]]
* [[Nasir al-Din Tusi]]
* [[Ibn al-Nafis]] (1213-1288), father of [[Circulatory system|circulatory physiology]], pioneer of circulatory [[anatomy]], and founder of Nafisian anatomy, physiology, [[Pulse|pulsology and sphygmology]]
* [[Ibn al-Nafis]] (1213-1288), father of [[Circulatory system|circulatory physiology]], pioneer of circulatory [[anatomy]],<ref>Chairman's Reflections (2004), "Traditional Medicine Among Gulf Arabs, Part II: Blood-letting", ''Heart Views'' '''5''' (2), p. 74-85 [80].</ref> and founder of Nafisian anatomy, [[physiology]],<ref>Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 3 & 6, ''Electronic Theses and Dissertations'', [[University of Notre Dame]].[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615]</ref> [[Pulse|pulsology and sphygmology]]<ref>Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 224-228, ''Electronic Theses and Dissertations'', [[University of Notre Dame]].[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615]</ref>
* [[Ibn al-Quff]] (1233-1305), pioneer of [[embryology]]
* [[Ibn al-Quff]] (1233-1305), pioneer of modern [[embryology]]<ref name=Abouleish/>
* [[Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī]]
* [[Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī]]
* [[Ibn Khatima]] (14th century), pioneer of [[bacteriology]] and [[microbiology]]
* [[Ibn Khatima]] (14th century), pioneer of [[bacteriology]] and [[microbiology]]<ref name=Syed>Ibrahim B. Syed, Ph.D. (2002). "Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its times", ''[[The Islamic Medical Association of North America|Journal of the Islamic Medical Association]]'' '''2''', p. 2-9.</ref>
* [[Ibn al-Khatib]] (1313-1374)
* [[Ibn al-Khatib]] (1313-1374)
* [[Mansur ibn Ilyas]]
* [[Mansur ibn Ilyas]]

Revision as of 19:43, 13 January 2008

Science in the Islamic world has played an important role in the history of science. There have also been some notable Muslim scientists in the present day. The following is an incomplete list of notable Muslim scientists.

Astronomers and Astrophysicists

Main article: List of Muslim astronomers
Further information: Islamic astronomy

Chemists and Alchemists

Further information: Alchemy (Islam)

Computer Scientists

Economists and Social Scientists

Further information: Islamic sociology, Early Muslim sociology, and Islamic economics in the world
See also: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam

Geographers and Earth Scientists

Further information: Muslim Agricultural Revolution

Mathematicians

Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies

Neuroscientists and Psychologists

Further information: Early Muslim sociology

Physicians and Surgeons

Further information: Islamic medicine

Physicists

See also

References

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  2. ^ Betty Blair (1995), "Behind Soviet Aeronauts", Azerbaijan International 3 (3).
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  4. ^ Essam Heggy: Into the Heart of Mars, IslamOnline interview
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  6. ^ a b theStar (2007). "Mission in space". {{cite web}}: Text "publisherTheStar" ignored (help)
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  40. ^ a b Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377 [363].
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  42. ^ Omar Khaleefa (Summer 1999). "Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?", American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16 (2).
  43. ^ Muhammad Iqbal, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, "The Spirit of Muslim Culture"
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  45. ^ Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1996). History of Islamic Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 315 & 1022-1023. ISBN 0415131596. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ G. A. Russell (1994), The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth-Century England, pp. 224-262, Brill Publishers, ISBN 9004094598.
  47. ^ Lawrence I. Conrad and Dominik Wujastyk (2000), Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-Modern Societies, "A Ninth-Century Muslim Scholar's Discussion". Ashgate, ISBN 0754602583.
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  52. ^ a b David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", Heart Views 4 (2).
  53. ^ a b Bashar Saad, Hassan Azaizeh, Omar Said (October 2005). "Tradition and Perspectives of Arab Herbal Medicine: A Review", Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2 (4), p. 475-479 [476]. Oxford University Press.
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  59. ^ Bradley Steffens (2006). Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist, Chapter 5. Morgan Reynolds Publishing. ISBN 1599350246.
  60. ^ Cas Lek Cesk (1980). "The father of medicine, Avicenna, in our science and culture: Abu Ali ibn Sina (980-1037)", Becka J. 119 (1), p. 17-23.
  61. ^ Marlene Ericksen (2000). Healing with Aromatherapy, p. 9. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0658003828.
  62. ^ Rachel Hajar (1999), "The Greco-Islamic Pulse", Heart Views 1 (4), pp. 136-140 [138-140].
  63. ^ Rabie E. Abdel-Halim (2006), "Contributions of Muhadhdhab Al-Deen Al-Baghdadi to the progress of medicine and urology", Saudi Medical Journal 27 (11): 1631-1641.
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