Valentin Galochkin

Valentin Galochkin
sculptor

Valentin Andreevich Galochkin (Russian: Валенти́н Андре́евич Га́лочкин) (November 22, 1928 — November 3, 2006) was a prominent soviet (ukrainian, russian) sculptor.

Biography

Galochkin was born in Dnepropetrovsk (USSR) on November 22 1928. His father Andrey Andreevich Galochkin (russian) came from Kaluga region and was a restaurant chief, later a modeller. Mother Olga Grigorievna Liberman (jewish) came from the town of Chegorin (Ukraine) and worked as an accountant. Honesty and decency were of high value in the family which later shaped the sculptor's position of not supporting what he didn't hold for right.

File:ValentinGalochkin 1946.jpg

Valentin Galochkin in an art school in Dnepropetrovsk (1946)

When WWII began in 1941 the family was evacuated to Krasnodar region, then to Uzbekistan to return in 1944 to Dnepropetrovsk. From 1944 till 1949 Valentin Galochkin attended an art school in Dnepropetrovsk and learned from prof. Zhiradkov. From 1949 till 1955 he studied sculpture at Kiev Institute of Fine Arts. His favorite professor was Max Isaevich Gelmann.

Galochkin's graduation work "Steel smelter" (1956) was such a success, that the insitute casted it in bronze and sold to the USSR Ministry for Culture to exibit in Lvov State Art Museum (Ukraine). Galochkin was immediately appointed head artists of Kiev sculpture works and remained at this post till 1959.

File:ValentinGalochkin 1957.jpg

Galochkin working ("Hiroshima", 1957)

For his work "Hiroshima" (1957) Galochkin was in the age of 29 nominated for Lenin Prize, at that time the highest award in the USSR, however the prize went to 83 y.o. Sergey Konenkov.

Very soon the young Galochkin's career came to a halt due to conflicts with the communist authorities. The sculptor refused to join the Communist Party of the USSR and actively support the soviet propaganda seeing his mission as an artist in achieving recognition regardless of his personal connections with the party leaders. Although he had to accept government's orders until 1991 for propaganda-serving monuments in Russia and the Ukraine (in USSR private orders were rare and came also from party bosses) he did his best to express general human values and reduce communist pathos.

In 1968 Valentin Galochkin won a prize in a Festival of young artists in Vienna. In 1960s and 1970s he visits the UK, France, Egypt и Greece. He was impressed by Louvre. As he later recalled, he had so much waited to see this "temple of art" that right at the entrance, after he saw the statue of Nike of Samothrace, he couldn't help crying and for two hours didn't dare to enter the museum.

Galochkin in 1980

Valentin Galochkin was married 3 times. The 1st marriage (1958) to Yulia Ukader (soviet, ukrainian sculptor). Daughter from the 1st marriage — Tatiana Ryabokon, born Galochkina (painter). The 2nd marriage (1978) to Elena Bokshitskaya (cinema-reviewer). Daughter from the 2nd marriage — Anna Bokshitskaya (journalist). The 3d marriage (1980) to Lidia Galochkina, born Abramenko (russian sculptor, graphic artist). Sons from the 3d marriage — Igor Galochkin (programmer) and Andrey Galochkin (engineer). Valentin Galochkin was a sportsman, master of sports in swimming and volleyball, hunter and fisherman.

In 1986 after Chernobyl disaster the sculptor moved with his family from Kiev to Moscow. With Dissolution of the USSR in 1991, as many artists, Valentin Galochkin faced financial difficulties and for 9 years had to live on selling his older works. In 1999 he emigrated to Germany, to the town of Wismar, and in 2002 moved to Hamburg. In 2002 he felt ill and had to undergo a few operations. He died from a heart attack on 3 November 2006 on a trip Russia, in Moscow. Buried at Nakhabino cemetery on November 8, 2006.

Artistic style

His early wors, icluding the graduation work "Steel smelter" (1956) follow the standards of soviet realism set up by Vera Mukhina, Ivan Shadr, Sergey Merkurov.

The first significant work "Hiroshima" (1957) which made Galochkin well-known in the USSR is devoted to the victims of atomic bombing of Hiroshima in WWII. "Hiroshima" expresses the scultor's protest against nuclear weapons, a call for humanness.

• 
  "Steel-smelter", 1956
• 
  "Hiroshima", 1957
• 
  "V. I. Lenin", 1960

From 1957 till 1991 Galochkin produced dozens of state-ordered parade monuments and busts to Vladimir Lenin and other soviet leaders. However the sculptor never treated these works as art. Already as a young artist he became disillusioned with the principles of soviet realism. He studied European and American art, especially Henry Moore, Ossip Zadkine, Amedeo Modigliani.

A series of monuments by Galochkin is devoted to WWII. His view of war is however very far from the one of the soviet propaganda. Having survived the war as a child, he portrais the suffering of common people instead of youthfully marching soldiers or triumphant military leaders.

His work "Leaving for the front" 1957, carved from a whole piece of wood shows the last passionate kiss of a solder leaving his wife. In memorial "Victim" 1964 a shape of a human appears as a breach in solid stone, as if formed by expoding shell. The disappeared human being has left a trace, a silhouette in the air. The memorial to the victims of Babi Yar (working title "Violence") 1964 - a pregnant woman, cut in half, a terrible symbol for the mass executions of jews. Monument "Widows" 1975 depicts an old and a young women (mother and wife) eternally holding the soldier's helmet. In the work "Gate of sorrow" 1976 two "women are mourning over a heavy loss, like atlants". "Memorial to the burnt village" 1979 - a girl standing in the flame.

• 
  "Leaving for the front", 1957
• 
  "Victim", 1964
• 
  "Babi Yar", 1964

• 
  "Widows", 1975
• 
  "Gate of sorrow", 1976
• 
  "Memorial to the burnt village", 1976

A common theme of Galochkin's indoor sculpture is the figure of a woman and female torso. Unfortunately most of his studies and works depicting female body in realistic manner did not survive till present day. His presentation of nude body gradually changes from a realistic to more and more symbolic one. In works "Queen" 1965, "River" 1970, "Cellist" 1975 the figure of a women is stylized, converted into a play of silhouettes, volumes, and "shapes of air". Valentin Galochkin develops his own concept of sculpture as a multitude of silhouettes, which are builded by the air surrounding the sculpture. From different angles of view the same scupture makes each time a different silhouette.

• 
  "Mermaid", 1975
• 
  Study ("Slavery"), 1965
• 
  Study ("Spring"), 1975

• 
  "Queen", 1965
• 
  "River", 1970
• 
  "Cellist", 1975

A special place in Galochkin's works belongs to the geometrical form of ellipse in which he sees the basis of composition and "the drive to harmony". His "Torsos" of 1969 and 1975 convert female torso into a ellipse-reminding, strained and balanced shapes.

• 
  "Bounded torso", 1969
• 
  "Torso", 1975
• 
  "Torsos", 1975

Citations (from working notes)

Even beautiful but designed and therefore annoying rythms and silhouettes are also lies, a make-up, so empty and distant.

Only pationless can have a quality of the eternal.

If there is an objective concept of "beauty" and if beautiful, in this case, should remain forever beautiful, one should create in accordance with the laws of the universe.

Not preciocity makes a work of art timeless and great, but its naked, sincere truth and purity, so simple as the earth itself, faceup opened to people.

What does this beauty of a thing consist of? Perhaps, first of all, of harmony and inner rythm and cohesion, rationality and hidden appropriateness.

For your inner world to become valuable to others, not to yourself only, it must be humane

In a piece of art there must be a mistery

В произведении искусства должно быть таинство

Bibliography

• Galochkina L. "Valentin Galochkin: Thoughts about sculpture and art. The sculptor's notes" (in publication).

Links

Official site