Rolls-Royce Nene

Nene
Rolls-Royce Nene on display RAAF Base Pearce, Western Australia
Type	Turbojet
Manufacturer	Rolls-Royce Limited
First run	27 October Template:Avyear
Major applications	Hawker Sea Hawk Supermarine Attacker

The Rolls-Royce Nene was a 1940s British centrifugal compressor turbojet engine. It was named after the River Nene in keeping with company tradition for jet engines.

Development

The Nene or RB.41, was Rolls-Royce's third jet engine to enter production, designed and built in an astonishingly short five-month period in 1944, first running on 27 October 1944. The design saw little use in British aircraft designs, being passed over in favour of the Avon that followed it. Its only widespread use in Great Britain was in the Hawker Sea Hawk and the Supermarine Attacker.

Pratt and Whitney took out a licence on the Nene and it went on to power many early carrier-based aircraft, notably the Grumman F9F Panther, as the Pratt & Whitney J42. Twenty-five were given to the Soviet Union as a gesture of goodwill - with reservation to not use for military purposes, and were reverse engineered to develop the Klimov RD-45, and a larger version, the Klimov VK-1, which soon appeared in various Soviet fighters including Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15. It was briefly made under licence in Australia for fitment to the RAAF De Havilland Vampire fighters. It was also built by Orenda in Canada for use in 656 Canadair T-33 aircraft.

An FMA IAe 33 Pulqui II without tail section, showing its Rolls-Royce Nene II turbojet

Nene test-bed Lancastrian demonstrating in 1954 on the two jets with the two inner Merlins feathered

Although based on the "straight-through" version of the basic Whittle-style layout, the Nene used a double-sided centrifugal compressor for improved compression ratio and thus higher thrust. It was during the design of the Nene that Rolls decided to give their engines numbers as well as names, with the Welland and Derwent keeping their original Rover models, B/23 and B/26. It was later decided that these model numbers looked too much like those for bombers, and "R" was added to the front, the "R" signifying "Rolls" and the original Rover "B" signifying Barnoldswick. This RB designation scheme continues to this day.

The Nene doubled the thrust of the earlier generation engines, with early versions providing about 5,000 lbf (22.2 kN), but remained generally similar in most ways. This should have suggested that it would be widely used in various designs, but the Gloster Meteor proved so successful with its Derwents that the Air Ministry felt there was no pressing need to improve upon it. Instead a series of much more capable designs using the Rolls-Royce Avon were studied, and the Nene generally languished.

The Nene was used to power the first civil jet aircraft, a modified Vickers Viking, which flew first on 6 April 1948.

Applications

• Avro Ashton
• Avro Lancastrian (test-bed)
• Avro Tudor
• Canadair Silver Star
• de Havilland Vampire
• FMA IAe 33 Pulqui II
• Hawker Sea Hawk
• Lockheed P-80
• Rolls Royce Thrust Measuring Rig
• Sud-Ouest 30R
• Supermarine Attacker
• Vickers VC.1 Viking

Specifications (Nene)

Cutaway view showing the combustion chambers and compressor

Data from

General characteristics

• Type: Turbojet
• Length: 96.8 in (2,459 mm)
• Diameter: 49.5 in (1,257 mm)
• Dry weight: 700 kilograms (1550 pounds) (less jet-pipe)

Components

• Compressor: Dual-entry centrifugal compressor with two-sided impeller
• Combustors: 9 flow-combustion chambers
• Turbine: Single-stage axial flow
• Fuel type: Aviation kerosene with 1% lubricating oil

Performance

• Maximum thrust: 5,000 lbf (22.2 kN) at 12,400 rpm for takeoff
• Overall pressure ratio: 4:1 static
• Air mass flow: 89 lb/sec
• Thrust-to-weight ratio: : 3.125

References

Bibliography

• Bingham, Victor (2004). Supermarine Fighter Aircraft. The Crowood Press. ISBN 1 86126 649 9.
• Bridgman, L, (ed.) (1998) Jane's fighting aircraft of World War II. Crescent. ISBN 0-517-67964-7
• The Nanton Lancaster Society