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Coordinates: 54°49′31.19″N 32°3′10.28″E / 54.8253306°N 32.0528556°E / 54.8253306; 32.0528556
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===Initial theories===
===Initial theories===


Several hours after theories about the weather and pilot error were floated, the [[BBC]] reported that questions about the 20-year-old aeroplane were being raised. They reported that "in late 2008 Kaczynski had suffered a couple of scares. Problems with the aircraft's steering mechanism delayed his departure from [[Mongolia]], forcing him to take a charter flight to [[Tokyo]]." "However, the aircraft had recently undergone a major overhaul and Aleksey Gusev, the head of the maintenance plant that carried out the work, told Polish TV that it should not have had technical problems." an article on the BBC's website read.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8612915.stm</ref>
Several hours after theories about the weather and pilot error were floated, the [[BBC]] reported that questions about the 20-year-old aeroplane were being raised. They reported that "in late 2008 Kaczynski had suffered a couple of scares. Problems with the aircraft's steering mechanism delayed his departure from [[Mongolia]], forcing him to take a charter flight to [[Tokyo]]." "However, the aircraft had recently undergone a major overhaul and Aleksey Gusev, the head of the maintenance plant that carried out the work, told Polish TV that it should not have had technical problems." an article on the BBC's website read.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8612915.stm</ref> According to polish military magazine<ref>http://www.altair.com.pl/start-4397</ref> the airplane was serviced in December 2009 in [[Samara|Samara, Russia]] and received 5-year/7500-flight-hours warranty, of which crash happened just after 138 flight hours.



===Official investigation===
===Official investigation===

Revision as of 15:42, 10 April 2010

Tupolev Tu-154 V3 at Zagreb Airport, during President Kaczyński's visit to Croatia in 2010
Accident
Date10 April 2010[1]
SummaryUnder investigation[1]
Site300m short of runway at Smolensk-North Airport[2]
54°49′31.19″N 32°3′10.28″E / 54.8253306°N 32.0528556°E / 54.8253306; 32.0528556
Aircraft
Aircraft typeTupolev Tu-154
OperatorPolish Air Force
Registration101
Flight originFrédéric Chopin Airport,
Warsaw, Poland
DestinationSmolensk-North Airport
Smolensk, Russia
Passengers89
Crew8
Fatalities97 (all)[3]
Injuries0
Survivors0

On 10 April 2010, a Tupolev Tu-154M of the Polish 36th Special Aviation Regiment carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński, members of the Polish government and the country's legislative branch, commanders of the Polish Armed Forces as well as other Polish dignitaries, crashed next to Smolensk-North Airport, just outside of Smolensk near Pechyorsk, Smolensk Oblast, Russia, killing all aboard. They were on their way to mark the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre.[4]

As of several hours after the crash took place, many details about the cause of the crash are still unknown. It is reported by news agencies that the Tu-154 struck trees just 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) from the airport and smashed into pieces across the floor of the wooded area. Unconfirmed reports suggest that the pilot had already attempted to land three times, each without success.

In the past several hours it has been confirmed that there were 97 people on board the jet, and Polish and Russian authorities confirmed that all perished in the accident.

Authorities have not yet reached a conclusion as to why the aircraft crashed.

Accident

The plane carrying the Polish President Lech Kaczyński, a Tupolev Tu-154M,[5] crashed at 10:56 MSD, (08:56 CEST, 06:56 UTC),[6] near Smolensk, Russia. President Kaczyński was due to visit Smolensk to mark the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre.[6] The flight had departed from Warsaw's Frédéric Chopin Airport and was bound for Smolensk Airport.[7] The aircraft was carrying 89 passengers and 8 crew, according to the Ministry of Emergency Situations. A 90th passenger, presidential aide Zofia Kruszyńska-Gust, felt sick just before the trip and did not board the plane.[8]

The crash occurred in foggy conditions (500 m visibility) about 1.5 km from the airport, about 300–400 metres off the landing path,[9] after the pilots attempted a go-around.[10] The airport was closed because of thick fog and the pilot was advised by flight control to land in Moscow or Minsk, however he decided to continue with the original flight plan and the crash occurred on the fourth approach after three failed attempts.[11][12] The cause of the crash was initially attributed to crew error and investigators and criminal law experts were dispatched to the crash site.[13][14][15] In 2008, the pilot of Kaczyński's plane was threatened with dismissal when he refused to land the aircraft in Tbilisi during the South Ossetian war.[16]

The Governor of Smolensk Oblast, Sergey Antufiyev, confirmed that there were no survivors in the crash. The plane, which was reported to have been flying at a very low altitude, clipped trees and crashed into the ground.[6] Russian state television reported that the Tu-154M jet crashed about a kilometre short of the runway on its fourth attempt to land in heavy fog at the Smolensk-Severnyi military airport, shortly before 11 a.m. Moscow time. Pictures from the scene showed parts of the airplane charred and strewn through a wooded area. Some pieces, including one of the wheel wells, were upside-down.[6]

Russian and Polish officials said 96 people were aboard, including the president and his wife, as well as other top officials, though Russian officials and media gave varying figures for the number of dead.[17]

The aircraft, construction number 90A837, was built at Kuibyshev aviation plant (№18) in Kuybyshev. It was manufactured on 29 June 1990 for the Polish Air Force.[18]

Investigation

Within hours after the crash the President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev, announced the establishment of a special commission for the investigation of the plane crash. The commission will be supervised by the Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin.[19][20][21] An Investigation Committee of the Prosecutor General of Russia started a criminal case in accordance with a "violation of safety rules" of the Russian Criminal Code.[22]

Initial theories

Several hours after theories about the weather and pilot error were floated, the BBC reported that questions about the 20-year-old aeroplane were being raised. They reported that "in late 2008 Kaczynski had suffered a couple of scares. Problems with the aircraft's steering mechanism delayed his departure from Mongolia, forcing him to take a charter flight to Tokyo." "However, the aircraft had recently undergone a major overhaul and Aleksey Gusev, the head of the maintenance plant that carried out the work, told Polish TV that it should not have had technical problems." an article on the BBC's website read.[23] According to polish military magazine[24] the airplane was serviced in December 2009 in Samara, Russia and received 5-year/7500-flight-hours warranty, of which crash happened just after 138 flight hours.


Official investigation

At around 11:53 UTC on the day of the crash, Russians confirmed finding the first "black box" flight recorder. The second "black box" was found at about 15:45 UTC.[25]

Political aftermath

Dmitry Medvedev and Vladimir Putin in church

According to the Polish Constitution, in the case of the President's death, his duties will be taken on by the Marshal of the Sejm — currently Bronisław Komorowski, who thus becomes the Acting President of Poland.[26]

Former president Aleksander Kwaśniewski told TVN24 that “It is a cursed place. It sends shivers down my spine. First the flower of the Second Polish Republic is murdered in the forests around Smolensk, now the intellectual elite of the Third Polish Republic die in this tragic plane crash when approaching Smolensk airport.”[27]

According to the Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk: "The contemporary world has not seen a tragedy of such proportions".[28]

Notable passengers

According to the flight manifest on-board were:[29][30][31]

International response

Countries

State Response
 Afghanistan Afghan president expressed condolence over death of Polish president.[32]
 Albania Albanian President Bamir Topi expressed his deep sorrow for the loss of President Kaczyński.[33] Albanian Prime Minister Sali Berisha, Parliament Speaker Jozefina Topalli and opposition leader Edi Rama also sent their condolences to the Polish People.
 Armenia RA Parliament Speaker Hovik Abrahamyan sent a letter of condolences to Polish Sejm Marshal Bronislaw Komorowski.[34]
 Australia Prime Minister Kevid Rudd stated that "The president was a faggot and probably molested children or something. The Australian Government is glad he's dead" before rambling about someone stealing his hairdrier.
 Austria President Heinz Fischer expresses his condolences in written statement to the families of the victims and the people of Poland.[35]
 Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev sent a telegram and expressed his deepest condolences to Polish people.[36]
 Belarus President Alexsandr Lukashenko has "expressed his sincere condolences to the Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland ... following a plane crash in Smolensk Region of Russia that killed dozens of Polish citizens among whom was President Lech Kaczyński of the Republic of Poland".[37]
 Bulgaria Prime Minister Boyko Borisov noted that his country was mourning along with Poland.[38]
 China Chinese President Hu Jintao sent his condolences to Polish parliamentary speaker Bronislaw Komorowski, who became acting president by law, over the death of Polish President Lech Kaczysnki. Hu said in the message that he was shocked and grieved to learn of the death of Kaczysnki and his Polish state delegation in a plane crash in the Russian city of Smolensk. "On behalf of the Chinese people and in my own name, I express my deep condolences to President Kaczysnki and all other victims, as well as sincere sympathies to their families and the Polish people," Hu said. Premier Wen Jiabao and Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi also sent their condolences to Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk and Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski over the plane crash.[39]
 Croatia Foreign Minister Gordan Jandroković expressed condolences and said that Croatia shares grief of Polish people as it joins prayers of all victims' families.[40]
 Czech Republic President Václav Klaus expressed his condolences and said that he lost a true friend (Lech Kaczyński). Klaus said that "Czechs are in shock and saddened about this tragedy.[41]
 Denmark Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen expressed his condolences: "It is with sadness that I have received notification that a large number of people have lost their lives in the tragic plane crash. My thoughts go out to the bereaved and to the entire Polish people".[42]

Minister of Foreign Affairs Lene Espersen has also condolences to his Polish colleague. "President Kaczynski will be remembered as a significant and respected politician, both as a participant in the Polish struggle for freedom against communism and served as president of the Polish people", she said.[43]
Also the Danish royal couple has responded to the disaster. Queen Margrethe and Prince Henrik have sent their condolences to the Polish parliament.

 Estonia President Toomas Hendrik Ilves expressed his condolences: "News of the tragic loss of the Polish Head of State and one of Estonia’s closest friends brings emptiness to my heart and at the same time brings back fond memories of our friendship. I recall our phone calls in April 2007, when president Kaczyński supported Estonia during those difficult days, or August 2008 when we flew together to Tbilisi to support the democratically elected government of Georgia and to condemn the aggression towards that country."[44]
 Finland President Tarja Halonen extended her deep condolences on behalf of the people of Finland and on her own behalf to the families of the victims and the people of Poland.[45]
 France President Nicolas Sarkozy paid tribute to Kaczyński in a statement: "a man driven by ardent patriotism, who dedicated his life to his country."[46]
 Georgia The spokesperson for President Mikheil Saakashvili extended deep condolences on behalf of the people of Georgia to the families of the victims and the people of Poland. Kaczyński was posthumously awarded the Order of the National Hero of Georgia and April 11, 2010, was declared a mourning day in Georgia. Kaczynski "will always be remembered as absolutely outstanding figure of Polish history, of European history and certainly of the history of my region," President Saakashvili said.[47][48]
 Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel sent a letter of condolence to Donald Tusk to express her regret.[49] Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle stated: "Kaczyński was a bright and energetic dialogue partner. We grieve with the Polish people. We are losing a character Europe could build upon."[50] According to a journalist, Westerwelle was so moved by the disaster that he had to interrupt his speech to the press on the deaths for a short time.[50]
 Greece Prime minister George Papandreou expressed to the prime minister of Poland via telegram "In these difficult times, the Greek government, and personally me would like to express our condolence to the all the families of those who we lost, and to the nation of Poland as well. We share your bereavement. Our thoughts and our prayers are with you".[51]
 Hungary President László Sólyom offered condolences at the Polish embassy in Budapest.[52] Prime Minister Gordon Bajnai sent a telegram expressing condolences to Prime Minister Donald Tusk and former Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński, the brother of Polish President Lech Kaczyński. "All members of the Hungarian government and the people of Hungary have been deeply saddened learning about this tragedy. The loss is ours even more in the knowledge of the friendship Hungary has nourished with Poland," the prime minister said.[53]
 Iceland President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson sent, on behalf of the Icelandic people his deepest sympathies: "At this time of sorrow our thoughts are with the families and relatives of those who died as with all Poles, especially those who have shared their resources with the people of Iceland for many years".[54]
 Indonesia President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has expressed condolences over the Polish President's death.[55]
 Ireland President Mary McAleese extended her "heartfelt sympathy and that of the Irish people".[56]
 Israel President Shimon Peres sent a letter of condolence to the Polish people saying that "Israel is shocked by the grave disaster and bemoans the loss along with the Polish people and the entire world. The announcement that the Polish President, his wife, and dozens of top Polish officials died in the crash struck us with pain, shock and disbelief, Israel bows its head in sorrow and shares in your loss and grief."[57] Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman extended condolences and said that Kaczyński was a true friend of Israel.[38]
 Italy Prime minister Silvio Berlusconi said: "It is a grave loss that has stricken a friendly country and in which I am sharing in with my heart".[58]

President Giorgio Napolitano said: "I wish to express on the behalf of myself and the Italian people our most sincere sympathies to the bereaved."[59]

 Japan Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama sent a telegram and expressed his deepest condolences to Bronislaw Komorowski and the Polish people.[60]
 Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev expressed his condolences.[61] Foreign Minister Kanat Saudabayev also expressed his condolences.[62]
 Kosovo President Fatmir Sejdiu expressed "deep grief" on behalf of himself and "the people and institutions of the Republic of Kosovo."[63]
 Lithuania Lithuania is preparing for official day of mourning for the death of the President of Poland.[64]
 Latvia President Valdis Zatlers has written to Bronislaw Komorowski, president of the Polish Parliament, to express his deepest condolences. The President was writing on behalf of himself, Mrs Lilita Zatlere, and the people of Latvia.[65]

Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis and Foreign Minister Maris Riekstins on behalf of the Government of the Republic of Latvia have sent condolence letters.[66]

Maldives Maldives President Mohamed Nasheed sends condolences to the Acting President of Poland.[67]
 North Macedonia President Ivanov sent a telegram with deepest condolences and states that this tragedy is a big loss for both the Macedonian and Polish people.[68]
 Netherlands Demissionary Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende was shocked and horrified and said it was "a black day for Poland".[69]
 Norway Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said: "It is with sadness I have received the message of the tragic demise of Poland's President Lech Kaczynski. My thoughts go to the Polish people and to all of those who have lost loved ones in this tragic accident." He also noted that Norway and Poland have close cooperative ties in NATO and in the EU through EEA.[70]

King Harald V of Norway sent a telegram to the Polish National Assembly, which stated: "I was shocked and saddened by the news of the terrible plane-accident today that caused the death of your president HE Lech Kaczynski, his wife, and so many persons from Poland’s public life and other citizens of Poland. On behalf of myself and the Norwegian people, I wish to convey to you and to the people of Poland my heartfelt sympathy and deepest condolences."[71]

 Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari expressed his deep grief and shock over the tragic death of Polish President Lech Kaczynski and his wife. The President in a message to the Polish government and the Polish people said he was shocked to know about the crash of President Kaczynski’s plane, while landing in the western Russian city of Smolensk. The President expressed his grief over the death of President’s wife and others who lost their lives in the crash.[72]
 Portugal The Portuguese President Aníbal Cavaco Silva said: "Mr Acting President and Chairman of the Sejm, It was with deepest regret that I received, this morning, news of the tragic death of President of the Republic of Poland and his Wife. We had, in recent years, the opportunity to meet several times. I recall in particular the State visit I made to Poland, at his invitation, in September 2008 and the warm and friendly way that myself and my wife were welcomed by the presidential couple. We knew about his commitment to the visit to Portugal that would take place in May, together with his Wife, that we waited with much anticipation. I recall President Kaczynski as a personality who has made a major contribution to consolidating democracy and the rule of law in his country and for the construction of the modern Poland, integrated in the European Union. In this difficult time, I want to express to the authorities, the people of Poland and to the bereaved family, on my behalf and on behalf of the Portuguese, the feelings of our deepest sympathy. - Aníbal Cavaco Silva"[73]
 Romania The Romanian President, Traian Băsescu, stated that he had "received the news of the tragedy with profound sadness [...]". He also added that "in this moment of deep pain, the Romanian people [...] joins the Polish nation in mourning".[74]

The Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that it "expresses its deep regret about the aviation disaster in which President Lech Kaczynski lost his life, together with other Polish public figures. In this tragic moment, we convey our condolences and solidarity with the bereaved families and the entire Polish people."[75]

 Russia President Dmitry Medvedev and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin expressed their condolences to their respective Polish counterparts.[76] Chairman of International Committee of the State Duma Konstantin Kosachev said that "Katyn claimed yet more victims". Chairman of the State Duma Boris Gryzlov has expressed condolences.

April 12 will be in Russia national day of mourning [77]

 Slovakia President Ivan Gašparovič expressed his condolences and said that "It's shocking. With Mr. President, we were personal friends, and our wives, still I do not believe what happened".[78]
 Slovenia President Danilo Türk was deeply shocked and saddened by the news of Polish President Lech Kaczyński's death in plane crash.[79] Prime Minister Borut Pahor has expressed his condolences to Poland at the death of their President.[80]
 Serbia Serbian President Boris Tadić expressed his deepest condolences in the name of the Serbian people saying that "The tragedy that occurred, in which President Lech Kaczyński and other state officials lost their lives, has effected us deeply" adding that Kaczyński was a true friend of Serbia and that he would never be forgotten.[81] Prime Minister Mirko Cvetković and President of the National Assembly Slavica Đukić Dejanović also expressed their condolences.[82]
 Spain Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero expressed in a telegram his condolences and described the death of the Polish president as an irreparable loss.[83]
 Sweden Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt expressed his condolences in an official statement.[84]
 Switzerland Federal Councillor Micheline Calmy-Rey expressed her condolences in an official statement.[85]
 Turkey President Abdullah Gül sent a letter of condolence to the Acting President Bronisław Komorowski saying that he "deeply regrets having to lose dear friend President Lech Kaczynski and his honorable spouse Maria Kaczynski, together with the high-level Polish officials. Mr. Kaczynski's absence will be felt all the time, the Turkish people remember him with love, respect and the fostering of our country. We share this great pain of our friends and allies of Poland in our hearts."[86] Prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan expressed condolences to the people of Poland and Russian Federation and he said that "We hope that was an accident. I want to express my condolences in the name of myself and in the name of the Turkish nation".[87]
 Ukraine President Viktor Yanukovych expressed his condolences.[38]
 United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II has sent her "deepest sympathy" to the Polish people.[88] Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the "whole world would be saddened" by the death of Kaczyński.[89]
 United States President Barack Obama called the death of Kaczynski and other senior government officials "devastating to Poland, to the United States, and to the world" and said that "Today, there are heavy hearts across America. The United States cherishes its deep and abiding bonds with the people of Poland. Those bonds are represented in the strength of our alliance, the friendships among our people, and the extraordinary contributions of Polish-Americans who have helped to shape our nation." in a statement released by the White House.[90]. Philip Crowley, Assistant Secretary for the U.S. State Department Public Affairs office called the crash a horrible tragedy for Poland and extended his deepest condolences on behalf of the United States.[91]
 Vatican City In a telegram sent by the Secretary of State of the Holy See Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone to Bronisław Komorowski Acting President of the Republic of Poland the Holy Father Pope Benedict XVI expressed his sadness and solidarity with the Polish people.[92]

International organizations

Organisation Response
 European Union Jerzy Buzek, the President of the European Parliament, expressed his condolences.

José Manuel Barroso, the President of the European Commission said: "I express my deep condolences to Poland for the passing away of President Kaczyński, his wife and all those with them under such tragic circumstances on their way to mark the 70th anniversary commemoration of the Katyn massacres. I have worked very closely with President Kaczyński, in a spirit of loyalty, and I respected in him a very determined Polish patriot who at the same time was very committed to our European Union and to the values of freedom and solidarity. The European Commission joins me in this moment in the expression of sympathy and tribute."[93]

 NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen extended his condolences: "On behalf of all of NATO, and myself personally, I express my most profound condolences to the people of Poland, and to the families of President and Mrs Kaczynski and all those who have died in this terrible accident. This is a tragedy for them and for Poland. My thoughts are with them today."[46]
 United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was shocked and extended his deep and heartfelt condolences to the people of Poland and the families of those who perished. Ban said President Kaczyński had served his country and people with distinction and conviction. He called the fact that he was en route to an event marking a new level of reconciliation between Poland and Russia particularly poignant.[94]

See also

References

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  24. ^ http://www.altair.com.pl/start-4397
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  36. ^ Azərbaycan Prezidenti Polşa Seyminin sədrinə başsağlığı verib Template:Az icon
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  40. ^ [2]
  41. ^ Česko ztratilo unikátního přítele, řekl Klaus o Kaczynském. Svět je v šoku
  42. ^ http://nyhederne.tv2.dk/article/29800742/
  43. ^ http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Indland/2010/04/10/123856.htm
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  59. ^ "Russia, precipita l'aereo del presidente polacco nessun superstite tra le 96 persone a bordo". La Repubblica (in Italian). 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 49 (help)
  60. ^ "ポーランド大統領死亡で弔電＝鳩山首相". 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  61. ^ Президент Казахстана направил телеграмму соболезнования Председателю Сейма Республики Польша
  62. ^ Kazakh FM condoles Poland over plane crash
  63. ^ KPresidenti Sejdiu ngushëlloi popullin dhe institucionet e Polonisë
  64. ^ (Delfi)
  65. ^ (Chancery of the President of Latvia)
  66. ^ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia)
  67. ^ http://www.presidencymaldives.gov.mv/4/?ref=1,5,3972
  68. ^ (MIA)
  69. ^ http://www.nu.nl/buitenland/2222872/balkenende-en-buitenlandse-regeringsleiders-geschokt.html
  70. ^ http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/article2879033.ece
  71. ^ "H.M. Kongen kondolerer H.E. Polens Parlamentspresident". Kongehuset (in Norwegian). April 10, 2009.
  72. ^ "President Zardari condoles death of Polish president" (in Russian). Associated Press of Pakistan. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  73. ^ http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=18&idi=38564
  74. ^ http://www.presidency.ro/?_RID=det&tb=date&id=11782&_PRID=
  75. ^ http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=43050&idlnk=2&cat=4
  76. ^ "Russian leaders express condolences over tragic death of Polish president". rian.ru. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  77. ^ "Глава международного комитета Госдумы: "Катынь забрала новые жертвы"" (in Russian). newsru.com. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  78. ^ Vyjadrenie prezidenta SR k tragickému úmrtiu poľského prezidenta
  79. ^ "President Deeply Saddened By Kaczyński's Death". STA.si. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  80. ^ "PM Expresses Condolences at Polish President's Death". STA.si. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  81. ^ Serbia sends condolences to Poland
  82. ^ Poginuo predsednik Poljske
  83. ^ "Consternación internacional por la muerte de Lech Kaczynski". El País. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  84. ^ Statement published at Government's Homepage April 10, 2010
  85. ^ "Tod des polnischen Staatspräsidenten : Erklärung von Bundesrätin Calmy-Rey". 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  86. ^ "Polonya Cumhurbaşkanı Kaczynski ve Beraberindeki Heyetin Hayatını Kaybetmesi" (in Turkish). cankaya.gov.tr. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  87. ^ "Başbakan Erdoğan, Polonya ve Rusya'ya başsağlığı diledi" (in Turkish). zaman.com. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  88. ^ "Queen offers sympathy to Poland after president's death". BBC News. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  89. ^ "'World saddened' by Kaczynski death says Gordon Brown". BBC News. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  90. ^ "President Obama says the loss of Polish President Kaczynski is 'devastating'". BNO News. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  91. ^ "Polish president and first lady among at least 96 dead in presidential plane crash in Russia". BNO News. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  92. ^ "'Vatican website'".
  93. ^ "Statement by the President of the European Commission, José Manuel Durão Barroso". 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  94. ^ "U.N. Secretary-General Ban shocked by the death of Polish President Kaczynski". BNO News. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
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