Glimepiride: Difference between revisions

Glimepiride
Clinical data
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	A10BB12 (WHO) ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	100%
Protein binding	>99.5%
Elimination half-life	5 Hours
Excretion	Urine & Fecal
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 3-ethyl-4-methyl-N-(4-[N-((1r,4r)-4-methylcyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]phenethyl)-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide;
CAS Number	93479-97-1;
PubChem CID	3476;
DrugBank	APRD00381;
ChemSpider	16740595 ;
UNII	6KY687524K;
KEGG	D00593 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1481 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID20861130 DTXSID5040675, DTXSID20861130 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.170.771
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C24H34N4O5S
Molar mass	490.617 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C3C(/CC)=C(/C)CN3C(=O)NCCc1ccc(cc1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N[C@H]2CC[C@H](C)CC2;
	InChI InChI=1S/C24H34N4O5S/c1-4-21-17(3)15-28(22(21)29)24(31)25-14-13-18-7-11-20(12-8-18)34(32,33)27-23(30)26-19-9-5-16(2)6-10-19/h7-8,11-12,16,19H,4-6,9-10,13-15H2,1-3H3,(H,25,31)(H2,26,27,30)/t16-,19- ; Key:WIGIZIANZCJQQY-RUCARUNLSA-N ;
	(verify)

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit Next edit →

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Revision as of 18:41, 8 February 2011

Glimepiride is a medium-to-long acting sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drug. It is marketed as Amaryl by Sanofi-Aventis and GLIMY by Dr.Reddy's Labs. Glimepiride is the first third-generation sulfonylurea, and is very potent.

It is sometimes classified as third-generation,^[1] and sometimes classified as second-generation.^[2]

Indications

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to glimepiride or other sulfonylureas
Pregnancy

Adverse effects

GI disturbance, rarely thrombocytopenia , leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, occasionally allergic reactions occur. In the initial weeks of treatment, the risk of hypoglycemia may be increased.

Pharmacokinetics

With glimepiride GI absorption is complete, with no interference of meals. Significant absorption of glimepiride was seen within 1 hour, and distributed throughout the body, bound to the plasma protein to an extent of 99.5% and it is metabolized by oxidative biotransformation and 60% is excreted in the urine, the remaining being excreted in the feces.

Mechanism of action

Like all sulfonylureas, glimepiride acts as a secretagogue.^[3] It lowers blood sugar by stimulating the release of insulin by pancreatic beta cells and by inducing increased activity of intracellular insulin receptors.

Not all secondary sufonylureas have the same risks of hypoglycemia. Glibenclamide (glyburide) is associated with an incidence of hypoglycemia of up to 20–30%, compared to 2% to 4% with glimepiride. Glibenclamide also interferes with the normal homeostatic suppression of insulin secretion in reaction to hypoglycemia, whereas glimepiride does not have this property. Furthermore, glibenclamide diminishes the glucagon secretion in reaction to hypoglycemia, whereas glimepiride does not suppress this counter-regulatory reaction.^[4]

Interactions

With NSAIDs like Salicylates, Sulphonamides, Chloramphenicol, coumadin and probencid may potentiate the hypoglycemic action of glimepiride. Thiazides, other diuretic, phothiazides, thyroid products, oral contraceptives, phenytoin tend to produce hyperglycemia.

References

^ Hamaguchi T, Hirose T, Asakawa H; et al. (2004). "Efficacy of glimepiride in type 2 diabetic patients treated with glibenclamide". Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 66 Suppl 1: S129–32. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2003.12.012. PMID 15563963. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Davis SN (2004). "The role of glimepiride in the effective management of Type 2 diabetes". J. Diabetes Complicat. 18 (6): 367–76. doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2004.07.001. PMID 15531188.
^ Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Wolski K; et al. (2008). "Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial". JAMA. 299 (13): 1561–73. doi:10.1001/jama.299.13.1561. PMID 18378631. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Davis, Stephen N. (2005). "60. Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas". Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 1636. ISBN 0071422803. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)

External links

{{gastrointestinal-drug-stu

[pmid15563963-1] Hamaguchi T, Hirose T, Asakawa H; et al. (2004). "Efficacy of glimepiride in type 2 diabetic patients treated with glibenclamide". Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 66 Suppl 1: S129–32. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2003.12.012. PMID 15563963. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[pmid15531188-2] Davis SN (2004). "The role of glimepiride in the effective management of Type 2 diabetes". J. Diabetes Complicat. 18 (6): 367–76. doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2004.07.001. PMID 15531188.

[pmid18378631-3] Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Wolski K; et al. (2008). "Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial". JAMA. 299 (13): 1561–73. doi:10.1001/jama.299.13.1561. PMID 18378631. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[G&G-4] Davis, Stephen N. (2005). "60. Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas". Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 1636. ISBN 0071422803. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
 == Interactions ==
-With NSAIDs like Salicylates, Sulphonamides, Chloramphenicol, coumadin and probencid may potentiate the hypoglycemic action of glimepiride. Thiazides, other diuretic, phothiazides, thyroid products, oral contraceptives, phenytoin tend to produce
+With NSAIDs like Salicylates, Sulphonamides, Chloramphenicol, coumadin and probencid may potentiate the hypoglycemic action of glimepiride. Thiazides, other diuretic, phothiazides, thyroid products, oral contraceptives, phenytoin tend to produce hyperglycemia.
 ==References==