The Wrekin

"Wrekin" redirects here. For the borough, see Telford and Wrekin. For the parliamentary constituency, see The Wrekin (UK Parliament constituency).

The Wrekin
The Wrekin near Atcham, Shropshire with the M54 motorway visible in the distance.
Highest point
Elevation	407 m (1,335 ft)
Prominence	298 m (978 ft)
Parent peak	Kinder Scout
Listing	Marilyn, County Top
Geography
Location	Shropshire, England
Parent range	Shropshire Hills
OS grid	SJ628080
Topo map	OS Landranger 127

The Wrekin is a hill in east Shropshire, England. It is located some 7 km (4 miles) west of Telford, on the border between the unitary authorities of Shropshire and Telford and Wrekin. Rising to a height of 407 metres (1,335 ft) above the Shropshire Plain, it is a prominent and well-known landmark, marking the entrance to Shropshire for travellers westbound on the M54 motorway. The Wrekin is contained within the northern panhandle of the Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The hill is popular with walkers and tourists and offers good views of Shropshire. It can be seen well into Staffordshire and the Black Country, and even as far as the Beetham Tower in Manchester, Winter Hill in Lancashire and Cleeve Hill in Gloucestershire.

The hill is formed of Pre-Cambrian rocks, approximately 680 million years old. The rocks are igneous - layers of ancient lava flows laid down in a volcanic island arc, similar to modern Japan.

Name

The earliest mention of the Wrekin occurs in a charter of 855, as entered in a late eleventh century Worcester chartulary, spelled Wreocensetun. Its modern form is believed to have come into modern English by way of Mercian, and that is likely to have been taken from the early Celtic word Wrikon. It is presumed to be etymologically related to the Latin name for the town of Viroconium Cornoviorum (modern Wroxeter; the Cornovii were the British tribe inhabiting the area), related to similar sounding names such as Wrexham (a charter of 1236 refers to this place as Wrectesham) which was also been part of the North Western edge of the Cornovii Kingdom.

The minor Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the Wreocensæte existed in the area prior to Mercian reign. For several centuries the hill was known as Mount Gilbert, a name given to it by the Normans after a hermit who lived there.

Summit

The New A5 dual carriageway near Wellington viewed from the northern side of The Wrekin. The heavily-forested Haughmond Hill is located behind it.

There is an Iron Age hill fort on the summit almost 8 hectares in size, to which the name Uriconio originally referred. It is thought the fort was built by the Cornovii tribe and was once their capital.

A more recent addition is The Wrekin transmitting station, used for broadcasting and telecommunications. At the top of the main mast is a beacon which emits a red pulse of light every few seconds at night. A beacon was originally erected on the Wrekin during the Second World War, however in the years after the war this fell into disrepair. The current beacon was erected in the year 2000 to celebrate the Millennium, the beacon serves no actual purpose and it is a common misconception that it is used to alert low flying aircraft. It is known locally as the "Wrekin Beacon", and is visible for many miles around.

Wider area

The summit of The Wrekin with its trig point, toposcope (viewfinder), and the "Beacon on The Wrekin".

The Wrekin shown in relation to other geographical features in Shropshire.

The name The Wrekin is also used to refer more generally to the part of East Shropshire around the towns of Telford and Wellington, within sight of the hill. The area is rich in geology and is one of the birthplaces of industry: Ironbridge Gorge is just to the south of The Wrekin hill. Woodland covers much of the hill, the area around the hill and into the Ironbridge Gorge area too.

To the north of the Wrekin is the smaller hill, The Ercall, which is notable for its extraordinary geology and exposed quarries.

The Wrekin and the Ercall together form part of the Church Stretton complex where different geological terranes meet. The Cymru terrane is to the west with the Wrekin terrane to the east of the fault system, explanations of which are found in most good geology books or even Wikipedia Links. the fault system trends north-northeast:south-southwest and the line carries on through other geologically important exposures such as those in the area of Caer Caradoc.

Between the Ercall and the Wrekin is a well positioned car park, at Forest Glen, allowing easy access to both areas. The two areas have provided geologists with a vast array of evidence for geological processes and inevitably some history to the formation of the basement rocks of the southern United Kingdom The Geology of England.

The rocks in the vicinity of the Wrekin are Precambrian to Cambrian with a boundary between the two can clearly be seen in The Ercall.

Access

The Wrekin can be accessed from the final junction on the M54 motorway (J7) before it turns into the A5 which continues to Shrewsbury. The hill is then signposted. There is a well-used footpath up the side of the hill which has an entrance at the end of the road off the M54. There is also a small carpark and parking bays up the road. The ascent is steep in parts.

Politics

The hill gives its name to the unitary authority and borough of Telford and Wrekin, formerly a district of Shropshire called simply The Wrekin. The Wrekin is the highest point in the borough. The Wrekin is also a parliamentary constituency, returning a Member of Parliament to Parliament at Westminster. It has been held by the Conservative Party since the general election of May 2005. Towns in this constituency are Wellington, Newport and Shifnal. Telford has its own constituency, called simply Telford.

Folklore, customs and culture

The Wrekin is the subject of a well-known legend in Shropshire folklore. One version of the story runs as follows:

A giant called Gwendol Wrekin ap Shenkin ap Mynyddmawr with a grudge against the town of Shrewsbury decided to flood the town and kill all its inhabitants. So he collected a giant-sized spadeful of earth and set off towards the town. When in the vicinity of Wellington he met a cobbler returning from Shrewsbury market with a large sackful of shoes for repair. The giant asked him for directions, adding that he was going to dump his spadeful of earth in the River Severn and flood the town. "It's a very long way to Shrewsbury," replied the quick-thinking shoemaker. "Look at all these shoes I've worn out walking back from there!" The giant immediately decided to abandon his enterprise and dumped the earth on the ground beside him, where it became the Wrekin. The giant also scraped the mud off his boots, which became the smaller hill Ercall Hill nearby. Ironically Shrewsbury is subjected to flooding from the River Severn on frequent occasions naturally.

"All around the Wrekin" or "Running round the Wrekin" is a phrase common in Shropshire, Herefordshire, Wolverhampton, Walsall, Stafford, Birmingham and around to mean "the long way round", in the same way that "round the houses" is used more widely. "To all friends around the Wrekin", meanwhile, is a toast traditionally used in Shropshire, especially at Christmas and New Year.

In 1981 an event was undertaken by local school pupils and adults called "Hands around the Wrekin", whereby a large group of people all held hands, surrounding the hill at the base.

The Wrekin has a cheese named after it called Wrekin White Cheese which is produced and sold in a dairy in Newport, Shropshire

The Wrekin was immortalised in song through Half Man Half Biscuit's seminal classic from 1987, "Rod Hull Is Alive, Why?", with the line: "Halfway up The Wrekin with an empty flask of tea, a fog descends and takes away my visibility..."

The Wrekin has never been a volcano in its own right, but is composed mainly of volcanic rocks and is a product of volcanism.

Neo-pagan revivalism

In the shadow of the Wrekin and its surrounding area have been used by Wiccans, not connected to the Germanic neopagan revivalists, and a Wickerman burning ceremony took place.

During the Neolithic Period, like Mount Ślęża in Poland, and at least as far back as the 6th century BC the Wrekin was a holy place of the heathen tribes of the Celtic and later Germanic Saxon culture. It was originally settled by the Celtic-Germanic peoples. In recent times, along with Medgel's Fold, the Wrekin has been witness to Germanic neopagan revivalism, sometimes of the nationalist kind. In recent times it has been referred to as Mount Tūalf'seni (pron. Too-Alf-Sen-Ear) - a sacred pagan place where many rituals are performed. This name was given to the hill by a pagan revivalist Germanic-Slavic unity group (practitioners of Odinism and Rodnovery) in the early 1990's - the English heathen organisers of which predominantly reside in Shrewsbury and Telford.

Since this time and predominently during 2010-2011, many 4 foot wooden rectangular posts have been erected with Germanic pre-christian runic symbolism. Often, these are removed by unknown persons but regularly reappear.

It is alleged that in 2003 or 2005 a 5 foot wooden god-head (like those in Slavic Neopaganism) post was erected with Fylfot symbolism in the Sryǣn woods surrounding Mount Tūalf'seni - http://content.foto.mail.ru/mail/nashkonek/361/i-528.jpg - In late 2003 or 2005 it is alleged that Christian fundamentalists and Antifa pulled it down with accusations of racism. This is though to be because of their misunderstand of the pre-Nazi symbolism within European paganism of the Swastika symbol.

Views

View to the west from the top of the Wrekin

External links

• Computer generated summit panoramas The Wrekin index. There is an old local claim, supported by a summit toposcope, that there is a line of sight to Snowdon, but the line is blocked by Cadair Berwyn.
• Group dedicated to The Wrekin