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[[Image:Sindh administrative1.png|thumb|Location of proposed state]]
[[Image:Sindh administrative1.png|thumb|Location of proposed state]]
[[Image:Bandera Sindhu Desh.png|thumb|Flag used by Sindhi nationalists showing an axe in opposite to the most popular Muslim Sufi symbols of Ajrak and Sindhi Topi in Sindh]]
[[Image:Bandera Sindhu Desh.png|thumb|Flag used by Sindhi nationalists showing an axe in opposite to the most popular Muslim Sufi symbols of Ajrak and Sindhi Topi in Sindh]]
'''Sindhudesh''' ({{lang-sd|سنڌو ديش}}, literally Sindhi word meaning 'Sindhi Country') is a concept floated around by [[Sindhi nationalist]]s in [[Pakistan]], for the creation of a Sindhi state. It was conceived by senior Sindhi political leader [[G. M. Syed]]. A Sindhi literary movement emerged in 1967 under the leadership of Syed and [[Ali Muhammad Rashidi|Pir Ali Mohammed Rashdi]], in opposition to the [[One Unit]] policy, the imposition of [[Urdu]] by the central government and to the presence of a large number of [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Mohajir]] (Indian Muslim refugees) settled in their province. During the 1970 national election campaign, Syed proposed the formation of an autonomous Sindhudesh within a loosely federated Pakistan. The movement for Sindhi language and identity led by Syed drew inspiration from the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[language movement]], but the emerging Sindhi nationalism was marginalized as the [[populism|populist]] agenda of pro-Pakistan Sindhi politicians such as [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] with his [[Islamic socialism]],which drew mass support amongst Sindhi people opposed to the previous regimes.<ref>[http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A140 1970 Elections,Pakistan ]</ref> To this day,not a single party provoking Sindhi nationalism has been voted into power in Sindh.<ref>Wright, Theodore P., Jr. ''[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0010-4159%28199104%2923%3A3%3C299%3ACRAECI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B Center-Periphery Relations and Ethnic Conflict in Pakistan: Sindhis, Muhajirs, and Punjabis]'', in Comparative Politics, Vol. 23, No. 3. (Apr., 1991), pp. 299-312.</ref><ref>Rahman, Tariq. ''[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0004-4687%28199709%2937%3A9%3C833%3ALAEIP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R Language and Ethnicity in Pakistan]'', in Asian Survey, Vol. 37, No. 9. (Sep., 1997), pp. 833-839.</ref>
'''Sindhudesh''' ({{lang-sd|سنڌو ديش}}, literally Sindhi word meaning 'Sindhi Country') was a concept floated by [[Sindhi nationalist]]s in [[Pakistan]], for the creation of a Sindhi state, which would either be independent from, or autonomous within Pakistan. It was conceived by senior Sindhi political leader [[G. M. Syed]]. A Sindhi literary movement emerged in 1967 under the leadership of Syed and [[Ali Muhammad Rashidi|Pir Ali Mohammed Rashdi]], in opposition to the [[One Unit]] policy, the imposition of [[Urdu]] by the central government and to the presence of a large number of [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Mohajir]] (Indian Muslim refugees) settled in their province. During the 1970 national election campaign, Syed proposed the formation of an autonomous Sindhudesh within a loosely federated Pakistan. The movement for Sindhi language and identity led by Syed drew inspiration from the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[language movement]], but the emerging Sindhi nationalism was marginalized as the [[populism|populist]] agenda of pro-Pakistan Sindhi politicians such as [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] with his [[Islamic socialism]],which drew mass support amongst Sindhi people opposed to the previous regimes.<ref>[http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A140 1970 Elections,Pakistan ]</ref> To this day,not a single party provoking Sindhi nationalism has been voted into power in Sindh.<ref>Wright, Theodore P., Jr. ''[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0010-4159%28199104%2923%3A3%3C299%3ACRAECI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B Center-Periphery Relations and Ethnic Conflict in Pakistan: Sindhis, Muhajirs, and Punjabis]'', in Comparative Politics, Vol. 23, No. 3. (Apr., 1991), pp. 299-312.</ref><ref>Rahman, Tariq. ''[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0004-4687%28199709%2937%3A9%3C833%3ALAEIP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R Language and Ethnicity in Pakistan]'', in Asian Survey, Vol. 37, No. 9. (Sep., 1997), pp. 833-839.</ref>


With his political base largely weakened, Syed later advanced his position, towards openly demanding separation from Pakistan and build-up of an independent Sindhudesh in his books ''Heenyar Pakistan khey tuttan khappey'' (Now Pakistan Should Disintegrate) and ''Sindhu Desh - A Nation in Chains''.<ref>Jalal, Ayesha. ''[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-7438%28199502%2927%3A1%3C73%3ACPHAOI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 Conjuring Pakistan: History as Official Imagining''], in International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1. (Feb., 1995), pp. 73-89.</ref>
With his political base largely weakened, Syed later advanced his position, towards openly demanding separation from Pakistan and build-up of an independent Sindhudesh in his books ''Heenyar Pakistan khey tuttan khappey'' (Now Pakistan Should Disintegrate) and ''Sindhu Desh - A Nation in Chains''.<ref>Jalal, Ayesha. ''[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-7438%28199502%2927%3A1%3C73%3ACPHAOI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 Conjuring Pakistan: History as Official Imagining''], in International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1. (Feb., 1995), pp. 73-89.</ref>

Revision as of 19:05, 18 May 2011

Location of proposed state
Flag used by Sindhi nationalists showing an axe in opposite to the most popular Muslim Sufi symbols of Ajrak and Sindhi Topi in Sindh

Sindhudesh (Sindhi: سنڌو ديش, literally Sindhi word meaning 'Sindhi Country') was a concept floated by Sindhi nationalists in Pakistan, for the creation of a Sindhi state, which would either be independent from, or autonomous within Pakistan. It was conceived by senior Sindhi political leader G. M. Syed. A Sindhi literary movement emerged in 1967 under the leadership of Syed and Pir Ali Mohammed Rashdi, in opposition to the One Unit policy, the imposition of Urdu by the central government and to the presence of a large number of Mohajir (Indian Muslim refugees) settled in their province. During the 1970 national election campaign, Syed proposed the formation of an autonomous Sindhudesh within a loosely federated Pakistan. The movement for Sindhi language and identity led by Syed drew inspiration from the Bengali language movement, but the emerging Sindhi nationalism was marginalized as the populist agenda of pro-Pakistan Sindhi politicians such as Zulfikar Ali Bhutto with his Islamic socialism,which drew mass support amongst Sindhi people opposed to the previous regimes.[1] To this day,not a single party provoking Sindhi nationalism has been voted into power in Sindh.[2][3]

With his political base largely weakened, Syed later advanced his position, towards openly demanding separation from Pakistan and build-up of an independent Sindhudesh in his books Heenyar Pakistan khey tuttan khappey (Now Pakistan Should Disintegrate) and Sindhu Desh - A Nation in Chains.[4]

The idea of Sindhudesh is also supported by Hindu Sindhis, most of whom had to be relocated out of Sindh after the Partition, leaving behind their property; however it is not known whether Sindhudesh would be open to Hindus or not. Sindh was a relative peaceful province,with communal violence only erupting once in a while and during partition[5]

Historical Kingdom

Main article: Sindhu Kingdom

Sindhudesh was also ancient name of modern Sindh, as the state of Sindh is mentioned in the epic of Mahabharata by this name only. For more information refer to Sindhu Kingdom.

Resurgence of Sindhudesh Movement

After the death of former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto, the Sindhudesh movement has seen an increase in popularity. Sindhi nationalists judge that Sindh has been used to the advantage of people from non-Sindhi ethnic groups, citing the dominance of Mohajir people in key areas of Sindh including Karachi, the unrecognition of the Sindhi language at provincial or national level, large scale migration to Sindh from other regions of Pakistan, including Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, alleged Punjabi dominance in the defence sector, and an increase in Taliban migrants moving to Sindh; as well as terrorist related attacks on the region.[6] and believe this to be the cause of recent troubles in Sindh (see Sindhi nationalism). Pro-Sindhudesh organisations such as the JSQM and World Sindhi Congress have gained a wider support base.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ 1970 Elections,Pakistan
  2. ^ Wright, Theodore P., Jr. Center-Periphery Relations and Ethnic Conflict in Pakistan: Sindhis, Muhajirs, and Punjabis, in Comparative Politics, Vol. 23, No. 3. (Apr., 1991), pp. 299-312.
  3. ^ Rahman, Tariq. Language and Ethnicity in Pakistan, in Asian Survey, Vol. 37, No. 9. (Sep., 1997), pp. 833-839.
  4. ^ Jalal, Ayesha. Conjuring Pakistan: History as Official Imagining, in International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1. (Feb., 1995), pp. 73-89.
  5. ^ Communal Violence During Partition
  6. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10354433
  7. ^ [1]
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