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Coordinates: 31°47′21.57″N 35°11′30.73″E / 31.7893250°N 35.1918694°E / 31.7893250; 35.1918694
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→‎Deir Yassin: Castel is not at Latrun but more than 15 km on the East
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Until the [[1948 Palestine War]], the neighborhood of Givat Shaul occupied only the eastern, residential area. A long, dirt track separated this Jewish neighborhood from a cluster of Arab villages, including the village of [[Deir Yassin]], on the western perimeter of Jerusalem. During the [[Battle for Jerusalem (1948)|Battle for Jerusalem]], when convoys were often attacked on the [[Highway 1 (Israel)|Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway]], the back roads from Tel Aviv — like the one leading to Givat Shaul — became crucially important.
Until the [[1948 Palestine War]], the neighborhood of Givat Shaul occupied only the eastern, residential area. A long, dirt track separated this Jewish neighborhood from a cluster of Arab villages, including the village of [[Deir Yassin]], on the western perimeter of Jerusalem. During the [[Battle for Jerusalem (1948)|Battle for Jerusalem]], when convoys were often attacked on the [[Highway 1 (Israel)|Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway]], the back roads from Tel Aviv — like the one leading to Givat Shaul — became crucially important.


On 3 April 1948, the Haganah launched [[Operation Nachshon]] to capture the high ground on both sides of the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway. On 9 April it fought to regain Castel (at [[Latrun]]); simultaneously, the [[Irgun]] and [[Lehi (group)|Lehi]] forces attacked the village of Deir Yassin, which was home to approximately 600 residents. About 107 people were killed during and after the event, known as the [[Deir Yassin massacre]].<ref>Gelber, Yoav. [http://www.ee.bgu.ac.il/~censor/katz-directory/05-12-14gelber-palestine-1948-appendix-II-what-happened-in-deir-yassin-english.pdf "Propaganda as History: What Happened at Deir Yassin?"], Sussex Academic Press, 2006.</ref><ref name=Milstein>Milstein, Uri [1987] (1998). ''History of the War of Independence IV: Out of Crisis Came Decision'' (in Hebrew, English version translated and edited by Alan Sacks). Lanhan, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc. ISBN 0-7618-1489-2. Chapter 16: Deir Yassin, Section 12: The Massacre.</ref> The Israelis expelled the surviving residents and repopulated the area with [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] immigrants from Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The center of the village was renamed Givat Shaul Bet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deiryassin.org/mas.html |title=Deir Yassin Remembered |accessdate=2010-06-07 |publisher=deiryassin.org}}</ref> In 1951, the [[Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center]] was built using some of the remaining buildings of the village.<ref name="Milstein" />
On 3 April 1948, the Haganah launched [[Operation Nachshon]] to capture the high ground on both sides of the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway. On 9 April it fought to regain Castel; simultaneously, the [[Irgun]] and [[Lehi (group)|Lehi]] forces attacked the village of Deir Yassin, which was home to approximately 600 residents. About 107 people were killed during and after the event, known as the [[Deir Yassin massacre]].<ref>Gelber, Yoav. [http://www.ee.bgu.ac.il/~censor/katz-directory/05-12-14gelber-palestine-1948-appendix-II-what-happened-in-deir-yassin-english.pdf "Propaganda as History: What Happened at Deir Yassin?"], Sussex Academic Press, 2006.</ref><ref name=Milstein>Milstein, Uri [1987] (1998). ''History of the War of Independence IV: Out of Crisis Came Decision'' (in Hebrew, English version translated and edited by Alan Sacks). Lanhan, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc. ISBN 0-7618-1489-2. Chapter 16: Deir Yassin, Section 12: The Massacre.</ref> The Israelis expelled the surviving residents and repopulated the area with [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] immigrants from Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The center of the village was renamed Givat Shaul Bet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deiryassin.org/mas.html |title=Deir Yassin Remembered |accessdate=2010-06-07 |publisher=deiryassin.org}}</ref> In 1951, the [[Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center]] was built using some of the remaining buildings of the village.<ref name="Milstein" />


==Demography==
==Demography==

Revision as of 08:00, 10 February 2012

For the biblical King capital, see Gibeah.
Kanfei Nesharim Street

Givat Shaul (Hebrew: גבעת שאול, lit. (Saul's Hill) is a neighborhood in western Jerusalem named after the Rishon Lezion, Rabbi Yaakov Shaul Elyashar, the Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel,[1] and not, as commonly believed, for the biblical King Saul, whose capital was probably located on the hill Gibeah of Saul near Pisgat Ze'ev, on the way to Ramallah.[2] The neighborhood is located at the western entrance to the city, east of the neighborhood of Har Nof and north of Kiryat Moshe. Givat Shaul stands 820 meters above sea level.

History

Givat Shaul was established in 1906 on land purchased from the Arab villages of Deir Yassin and Lifta by Rabbi Nissim Elyashar, Arieh Leib and Moshe Kopel Kantrovitz. The first settlers were primarily Yemenite Jews who engaged in agriculture. Later, they were joined by families from Meah Shearim and the Old City.[1] The Ashkenazim built the first public building, Beit Knesset HaPerushim. In 1912, an embroidery and sewing workshop was opened with the help of a Jewish philanthropist, Rabbi Slutzkin. Other industries established in Givat Shaul were the Froumine biscuit factory, a factory for kerosene heaters that manufactured arms for the British army during the British Mandate of Palestine, and a matza factory.[2]

The neighborhood was destroyed over the course of several wars, including World War I, and rebuilt in 1919.[3] In 1927, the Diskin Orphanage moved to Givat Shaul from the Old City. This building, designed by a local architect named Tabachnik, was home to 500 orphan boys.[2]

Deir Yassin

Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center

Until the 1948 Palestine War, the neighborhood of Givat Shaul occupied only the eastern, residential area. A long, dirt track separated this Jewish neighborhood from a cluster of Arab villages, including the village of Deir Yassin, on the western perimeter of Jerusalem. During the Battle for Jerusalem, when convoys were often attacked on the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway, the back roads from Tel Aviv — like the one leading to Givat Shaul — became crucially important.

On 3 April 1948, the Haganah launched Operation Nachshon to capture the high ground on both sides of the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway. On 9 April it fought to regain Castel; simultaneously, the Irgun and Lehi forces attacked the village of Deir Yassin, which was home to approximately 600 residents. About 107 people were killed during and after the event, known as the Deir Yassin massacre.[4][5] The Israelis expelled the surviving residents and repopulated the area with Orthodox Jewish immigrants from Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The center of the village was renamed Givat Shaul Bet.[6] In 1951, the Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center was built using some of the remaining buildings of the village.[5]

Demography

The population consists of a mix of Haredi and Religious Zionist Jews. The northernmost part of the neighborhood, directly above Highway 1, is mostly Haredi, while residents of the southern part, bordering Kiryat Moshe, are mostly Modern Orthodox Religious Zionists.

Industrial development

Partial view of Angel Bakeries' flour pipeline, which conveys flour directly from the flour mill to the silos (left) to the bakery (right), spanning Beit Hadfus Street in Givat Shaul.

After 1948, the Givat Shaul industrial zone expanded with factories and warehouses. Angel's Bakery moved to its present location here in 1958. The Angel brothers and co-CEOs Avraham, Ovadia, and Danny, commissioned a Texas company to construct a 750-foot pipeline to convey flour directly from the mill to the silo to the bakery. Today this pipeline brings 120 tons of flour to the bakery daily. The invention, initially opposed by the Jerusalem municipality for being above-ground, won the Kaplan Prize for distinction in productivity and efficiency.[7] The bakery's landmark factory store opened in 1984.[8]

Berman's Bakery, founded in 1875 by Mrs. Kreshe Berman as a cottage industry in the Old City, moved to its present location down the road from Angel's in 1965. A new street, Beit Hadfus Street, was constructed to reach the new bakery.[9] This new street was named "Street of the Printing Press" for the many printing establishments also located here.[10] These include two large book publishing houses, Keter Publishing House (established in 1958)[11] and Feldheim Publishers, which established its Israel branch in the 1960s.[12] Old City Press has operated here since 1969.[13]

Since the late 1980s, aging industrial plants have been replaced by housing projects in Givat Shaul Bet.[3]

Neighborhoods

Northern Givat Shaul

The northern part of Givat Shaul is populated mainly by Haredim, and the main street is closed to traffic on Shabbat and Jewish holidays. Several major synagogues are located here, including the Pressburg Yeshiva and neighborhood synagogue, and the Zupnik - Ner Yisroel synagogue. The population consists of a mix of Hasidic, Litvishe and Sephardi/Mizrahi Haredim, and a small minority of National-Religious Jews. The rabbi of the Zupnik - Ner Yisroel synagogue is Avrohom Yitzchok Ulman, a senior member of the rabbinical high court, or Badatz, of the Edah HaChareidis. Other important rabbis living in Givat Shaul are Rabbi Yehoshua Karlinsky, rabbi of the Beer Avrohom synagogue; Rabbi Tennenbaum, rabbi of the Babad synagogue and Rabbi Shmuel Taussig, Admor of Toldos Shmuel.[14]

Southern Givat Shaul

In the southern part of Givat Shaul, the population predominantly consists of Modern Orthodox Jews, affiliating with Religious Zionism. This section borders Kiryat Moshe and is often also referred to as such. Institutions in this area include the main synagogue of Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu, a major center of Sephardic Religious Zionism, as well as the primarily Ashkenazi national-religious flagship Mercaz HaRav yeshiva.

Israel Central Bureau of Statistics at the western end of Givat Shaul Bet.

Givat Shaul Bet

Berman bakery

The Givat Shaul industrial zone, sometimes referred to as Givat Shaul Bet, is situated on two parallel streets, Kanfei Nesharim and Beit Hadfus. While Kanfei Nesharim Street has developed into a modern shopping area with many chain stores and stylish office buildings, Beit Hadfus Street remains largely industrial with discount stores and outlets that attract bargain shoppers.[15]

In recent years, low-cost wedding halls servicing the religious population of Jerusalem have opened in several office and industrial buildings on Beit Hadfus Street. Some of these are subsidized by major charity organizations to keep expenses down for low-income families. The Armonot Wolf (Wolf Palaces)[16] wedding halls are affiliated with the Yad Eliezer charity organization, which subsidizes weddings for orphans here through its Adopt-a-Wedding campaign.[17] The Gutnick Halls,[16] funded by Australian philanthropist Joseph Gutnick and managed by Chabad, provide subsidized weddings for 440 needy couples annually through the Colel Chabad charity fund.[18] The Lechaim halls,[16] located into the same industrial complex as Armonot Wolf, are also cheaper than wedding halls in other parts of the city.

Government offices include the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Authority of Religious Services,[19] the State Comptroller and Ombudsman,[20] the Israel Securities Authority,[21] the Income Tax Commission,[22] the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics,[23] and the National Parks Authority.[24]

The Israeli branch of Touro College[25] and the Tal Institute, the women's division of the Jerusalem College of Technology,[26] are also located in Givat Shaul.

Givat Shaul cemetery

Har HaMenuchot cemetery

On the northwestern ridge of the neighborhood lies Har HaMenuchot, Jerusalem's largest cemetery. Between the northern section of Givat Shaul and the cemetery is another commercial zone consisting of several large stores and office buildings. The Herzog psychiatric hospital,[27] Egged's bus maintenance facility, and the main depot for the Jerusalem municipality's sanitation services are also located here.

Notable residents

Companies based in Givat Shaul

References

  1. ^ a b "The Givat Shaul Neighborhood in Jerusalem". gojerusalem.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
  2. ^ a b c Yarok Birushalayim, Shechunat Givat Shaul, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Vol. 85, June–July 2007.
  3. ^ a b "Givat Shaul". eifermanrealty.com. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  4. ^ Gelber, Yoav. "Propaganda as History: What Happened at Deir Yassin?", Sussex Academic Press, 2006.
  5. ^ a b Milstein, Uri [1987] (1998). History of the War of Independence IV: Out of Crisis Came Decision (in Hebrew, English version translated and edited by Alan Sacks). Lanhan, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc. ISBN 0-7618-1489-2. Chapter 16: Deir Yassin, Section 12: The Massacre.
  6. ^ "Deir Yassin Remembered". deiryassin.org. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  7. ^ Elliman, Wendy (2007-05-25). "Family Creates a Baking Dynasty in Israel". jweekly.com. Retrieved 2010–08–11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  8. ^ Hasson, Nir (2009-12-01). "Jerusalem's Town Baker". Haaretz. Retrieved 2010–08–02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  9. ^ Yosefson, A. (2004-10-27). "Rabbi Alexander (Sender) Uri: Pioneer Ba'al Teshuvoh". Dei'ah VeDibur. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
  10. ^ Eisenberg, Ronald L. (30 September 2006). The Streets of Jerusalem: Who, What, Why. Devora Publishing. ISBN 978-1932687545.
  11. ^ "About Us". Keter Books. 2007. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  12. ^ "Incredible Savings From Feldheim Publishers". matzav.com. 20 June 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  13. ^ "Old City Press: Company Profile". israelexporter.com. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  14. ^ a b Sever, Yechiel (2007-11-01). "HaRav Aharon Taussig zt"l". Dei'ah VeDibur. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
  15. ^ "The Givat Shaul Neighborhood in Jerusalem". gojerusalem.com. Retrieved 2010–09–06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  16. ^ a b c "Halls". koogle.co.il. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  17. ^ "Adopt-a-Wedding". yadeliezer.org. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  18. ^ "Gutnick Wedding Halls". Colel Chabad. 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  19. ^ "Addresses, Telephone and Fax Numbers of Government Ministries". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2008. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  20. ^ "The State Comptroller and Ombudsman". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2008. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  21. ^ "Israel Securities Authority". Israel Securities Authority. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  22. ^ "Ministry of Finance Annual Report". Israel Ministry of Finance. 2001–2002. Retrieved 2010-06-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  23. ^ "Central Bureau Of Statistics Offices". Israel Government Portal. 2002. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  24. ^ Gabbay, Shoshana (September 2001). "Nature Conservation in Israel". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  25. ^ "About Us". touroisrael.org. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
  26. ^ "Tal Institute". biojerusalem.org. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  27. ^ "Sarah Herzog Hospital, Jerusalem". herzoghospital.og. 2001. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
  28. ^ "Gathering in Givat Shaul to Mark End of Shivoh for HaRav Wolbe, zt"l". Dei'ah VeDibur. 2005-05-11. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
  29. ^ Kahn, Betzalel (2003-11-19). "HaRav Mordechai Zuckerman, zt"l". Dei'ah VeDibur. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
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