The Attacks of 26/11: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 38: Line 38:
==Accolades==
==Accolades==
'The Attacks of 26/11' has been selected for [[Berlin International Film Festival]],2013 in the Panorama as well as the Competition section.<ref>http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-attacks-of-2611-ram-gopal-varmas-film-gets-selected-for-berlin-film-festival/313098-8-66.html</ref><ref>http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ram-gopal-varmas-film-selected-for-berlin-film-festival/1053492</ref>
'The Attacks of 26/11' has been selected for [[Berlin International Film Festival]],2013 in the Panorama as well as the Competition section.<ref>http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-attacks-of-2611-ram-gopal-varmas-film-gets-selected-for-berlin-film-festival/313098-8-66.html</ref><ref>http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ram-gopal-varmas-film-selected-for-berlin-film-festival/1053492</ref>

==Attacks==
{{Main|Timeline of the 2008 Mumbai attacks}}
The first events were detailed around 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time]] (IST) on 26 November, when 10 men in inflatable speedboats came ashore at two locations in [[Colaba]]. They reportedly told local [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking fishermen who asked them who they were to "mind their own business" before they split up and headed two different ways. The fishermen's subsequent report to police received little response.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Ron |last=Moreau |coauthors=Mazumdar, Sudip |title=The Pakistan Connection |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/171056 |work=Newsweek |date=27 November 2008 |accessdate=28 November 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081206064557/http://www.newsweek.com/id/171056| archivedate= 6 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>

===Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus===
[[File:2008 Mumbai terror attack VT bullet mark.jpg|right|thumb|Bullet marks on the wall of the suburban terminus at CST]]
The [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus]] (CST) was attacked by two gunmen, one of whom, [[Ajmal Kasab]], was later caught alive by the police and identified by eyewitnesses. The attacks began around 21:30 when the two men entered the passenger hall and opened fire,<ref name="CCTV">{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/3-witnesses-identify-Kasab-court-takes-on-record-CCTV-footage/articleshow/4665196.cms|work=The Economic Times |location=India|title=3 witnesses identify Kasab, court takes on record CCTV footage|date= 17 June 2009|accessdate=17 June 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5hg3SZxC0|archivedate=20 June 2009|deadurl=no}}</ref> using [[AK-47]] [[rifles]].<ref name=recalls/> The attackers killed 58 people and injured 104 others,<ref name="recalls">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=22785|title=Photographer recalls Mumbai attacks|publisher=[[The News International]]|date=16 June 2009|accessdate=17 June 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5hg3Sz06d|archivedate=20 June 2009|deadurl=no}}</ref> their assault ending at about 22:45.<ref name=CCTV/> Security forces and emergency services arrived shortly afterwards. The two gunmen fled the scene and fired at pedestrians and police officers in the streets, killing eight police officers. The attackers passed a police station. Many of the outgunned police officers were afraid to confront the attackers, and instead switched off the lights and secured the gates. The attackers then headed towards Cama Hospital with an intention to kill patients,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo/7539165.cms | title=Judgement, THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY], THE JUDGMENT RESERVED : 7 FEBRUARY 2011; THE ORDER IS PRONOUNCED: 21 FEBRUARY 2011}}</ref> but the hospital staff locked all of the patient wards. A team of the [[Mumbai Anti-Terrorist Squad]] led by police chief [[Hemant Karkare]] searched the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and then left in pursuit of Kasab and Khan. Kasab and Khan opened fire on the vehicle in a lane next to the hospital and the police returned fire. Karkare, [[Vijay Salaskar]], [[Ashok Kamte]] and one of their officers were killed, though the only survivor, Constable Arun Jadhav, was wounded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/dec/031208-News-Mumbai-Lone-survivor-Hemant-Karkare-Kasab-terrorist-Arun-Jadhav.htm|publisher=[[Mid Day]]|date=3 December 2008|title=Info from cop in Karkare's jeep led to Kasab's arrest| accessdate= 15 July 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110617083920/http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/dec/031208-News-Mumbai-Lone-survivor-Hemant-Karkare-Kasab-terrorist-Arun-Jadhav.htm| archivedate= 17 June 2011| deadurl= no}}</ref> Kasab and Khan seized the police vehicle but later abandoned it and seized a passenger car instead. They then ran into a police roadblock, which had been set up after Jadhav radioed for help.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/south-asia/mumbai-gunman-guilty-of-act-of-war|publisher=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)]]|date=4 May 2010|title=Mumbai gunman guilty of 'act of war'| accessdate= 15 July 2011 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> A gun battle then ensued in which Khan was killed and Kasab was wounded. After a physical struggle, Kasab was arrested.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://canopycanopycanopy.com/8/jukeboxes_on_the_moon|publisher=Triple Canopy|title=Jukexboxes on the Moon: Stardom is martyrdom: India arrives in the American imagination| accessdate= 15 July 2011 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> A police officer, [[Tukaram Omble]] was also killed.

===Leopold Cafe===
The [[Leopold Cafe]], a popular restaurant and bar on [[Colaba Causeway]] in [[South Mumbai]], was one of the first sites to be attacked.<ref name="timesonline">{{Cite news|title =Defiant Leopold café shows that Mumbai is not afraid|work=The Times |location=London |location=UK |date=1 December 2008|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5260641.ece|accessdate=19 March 2009 | first1=Rhys | last1=Blakely | first2=Jeremy | last2=Page}}</ref> Two attackers opened fire on the cafe on the evening of 26 November, killing at least 10 people, (including some foreigners), and injuring many more.<ref name="deccanherald">{{Cite news|title =Leopold Cafe reopens amidst desolation|work=Deccan Herald |location=India|date=1 December 2008|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/Dec12008/national20081130103900.asp|accessdate=19 March 2009|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20081205034308/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/Dec12008/national20081130103900.asp |archivedate = 5 December 2008|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
[[File:Cafeleopolddamage.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Bullet marks left at Leopold Cafe]]

===Bomb blasts in taxis===
There were two explosions in taxis caused by timer bombs. The first one occurred at 22:40 at [[Vile Parle]], killing the driver and a passenger. The second explosion took place at Wadi Bunder between 22:20 and 22:25. Three people, including the driver of the taxi were killed, and about 15 others were injured.<ref name="Tracing the terror route"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai attack: Timeline of how the terror unfolded|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2008/11/27/mumbai-attack-timeline-of-how-the-terror-unfolded-115875-20929121/|work=Daily Mirror |location=UK|date=27 November 2008|accessdate=25 May 2009| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5h7IVr0yz | archivedate = 28 May 2009| deadurl=no}}</ref>

===Taj Mahal Hotel and Oberoi Trident===
[[File:2008 Mumbai terror attacks Oberoi Restaurant.jpg|thumb|right|The damaged [[Oberoi Trident]] hotel]]
{{Main|Taj Mahal Palace & Tower|Oberoi Trident}}
Two hotels, the [[Taj Mahal Palace & Tower]] and the [[Oberoi Trident]], were among the four locations targeted. Six explosions were reported at the Taj hotel - one in the lobby, two in the elevators, three in the restaurant - and one at the Oberoi Trident.<ref name="IBN-Taj">{{Cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/taj-hotel-burns-2-terrorists-killed/79137-3.html|title=Taj Hotel Burns, 2 Terrorists Killed|date=27 November 2008|accessdate=27 November 2008 |publisher=[[CNN IBN]]}}</ref><ref name="TTKN News">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ttkn.com/world/terror-attacks-army-stormed-taj-hotel-mumbai-217.html|title=Taj Hotel Attacked|date=27 November 2008|accessdate=27 November 2008|publisher=TTKN News}}</ref> At the Taj Mahal, firefighters rescued 200 hostages from windows using ladders during the first night.

CNN initially reported on the morning of 27 November 2008 that the hostage situation at the Taj had been resolved and quoted the police chief of [[Maharashtra]] stating that all hostages were freed;<ref name="CNN">{{Cite news|title =Scores killed in Mumbai rampage|publisher=CNN|date=26 November 2008|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/26/india.attacks/index.html|accessdate=26 November 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081202062331/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/26/india.attacks/index.html| archivedate= 2 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> however, it was learned later that day that there were still two attackers holding hostages, including foreigners, in the Taj Mahal hotel.<ref name="CNN-27th">{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/27/india.attacks/index.html|date=27 November 2008|title=Fighting reported at Mumbai Jewish center |author=Andrew Stevens, Mallika Kapur, Phil O'Sullivan, Phillip Turner, Ravi Hiranand, Yasmin Wong and Harmeet Shah Singh|publisher=CNN|accessdate=28 November 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081202132254/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/27/india.attacks/index.html| archivedate= 2 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
[[File:2008 Mumbai terror attacks Taj Hotel Wasabi Restaurant burned.jpg|thumb|left|The Wasabi restaurant on the first floor of the Taj Hotel was completely gutted.]]
During the attacks, both hotels were surrounded by [[Rapid Action Force]] personnel and [[MARCOS (India)|Marine Commandos]] (MARCOS) and [[National Security Guards]] (NSG) commandos.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Anjana | last=Pasricha | title=Commandos Launch Operations to Clear Luxury Hotels Seized by Gunmen in Mumbai | date=27 November 2008 | publisher=Voice of America | url =http://voanews.com/english/archive/2008-11/2008-11-27-voa9.cfm | work=VOA News |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20110717231100/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2008-11/2008-11-27-voa9.cfm |archivedate = 17 July 2011|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name="toi_army_storms">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Army_storms_Mumbais_besieged_five-star_hotels_/articleshow/3762100.cms|title= We want all Mujahideen released: Terrorist inside Oberoi |accessdate=27 November 2008 |date=27 November 2008 |work=The Times of India |location=India}}</ref> When reports emerged that attackers were receiving television broadcasts, feeds to the hotels were blocked.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.variety.com/VR1117996604.html |title=Indian journalists in media firestorm |publisher=Variety |date=30 November 2008 |author=Patrick Frater |accessdate=1 December 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081202024047/http://www.variety.com/VR1117996604.html| archivedate= 2 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Security forces stormed both hotels, and all nine attackers were killed by the morning of 29 November.<ref>{{Cite news
|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/28/india.attacks/index.html
|title=Mumbai operation appears nearly over
|publisher=CNN
|date=29 November 2008
|accessdate=23 February 2009| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090308091722/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/28/india.attacks/index.html| archivedate= 8 March 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="cnn-oberoi-end">{{Cite news|url=http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2008/11/28/oberoi-standoff-ends/|title=Oberoi standoff ends|date=28 November 2008|publisher=CNN|accessdate=7 March 2009|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20110723111457/http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2008/11/28/oberoi-standoff-ends/ |archivedate = 23 July 2011|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Major [[Sandeep Unnikrishnan]] of the NSG was killed during the rescue of Commando Sunil Yadav, who was hit in the leg by a bullet during the rescue operations at Taj.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2008/nov/30mumterror-terrorists-had-no-plans-to-blow-up-taj.htm|title=Terrorists had no plan to blow up Taj: NSG DG|publisher=[[Rediff]]|accessdate=26 November 2009}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/nsg-commando-recounts-gunfight-with-terrorists/79466-3.html|title=NSG commando recounts gunfight with terrorists|publisher=[[CNN IBN]]|accessdate=26 November 2009}}</ref> 32 hostages were killed at the Oberoi Trident.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5378549.ece|title=A taste of defiance as massacre hotel opens for high tea|work=The Times |location=London |location=UK|date=22 December 2008|accessdate=8 January 2011 | first=Rhys | last=Blakely}}</ref>

A number of [[European Parliament]] [[Committee on International Trade]] delegates were staying in the Taj Mahal hotel when it was attacked,<ref>{{Cite news
|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5240689.ece
|title= Tory MEP flees for his life as gunman starts spraying the hotel bar with bullets
|work=The Times |location=London |date=27 November 2008
|accessdate=21 February 2008
| first=David
| last=Charter}}</ref> but none of them were injured.<ref name="dpa-eu-del">{{Cite news|url=http://www.topnews.in/node/93372|title=EU trade delegation in Mumbai safe, delegate says |date=27 November 2008|publisher=[[Deutsche Presse-Agentur]]|accessdate=23 February 2009}}</ref> British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] [[Member of the European Parliament]] (MEP) [[Sajjad Karim]] (who was in the lobby when attackers initially opened fire there) and German [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democrat]] MEP [[Erika Mann (politician)|Erika Mann]] were hiding in different parts of the building.<ref name="MEP">{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5240689.ece|title=Tory MEP flees for his life as gunman starts spraying the hotel bar with bullets|work=The Times |location=London |location=UK |date=27 November 2008|accessdate=27 November 2008|last=Charter|first=David }}</ref> Also reported present was Spanish MEP [[Ignasi Guardans]], who was barricaded in a hotel room.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1227738722.36|title=EU parliament staff member wounded in India shootout |publisher=EU business |date=27 November 2008 |accessdate=21 February 2009|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20081203141240/http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1227738722.36 |archivedate = 3 December 2008|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>[http://euobserver.com/9/27253 MEP attacks EU consular reaction in Mumbai], PHILIPPA RUNNER, 8 December 2008 @ 17:19 CET, euobserver.com</ref> Another British Conservative MEP, [[Syed Kamall]], reported that he along with several other MEPs left the hotel and went to a nearby restaurant shortly before the attack.<ref name="MEP"/> Kamall also reported that Polish MEP [[Jan Masiel]] was thought to have been sleeping in his hotel room when the attacks started, but eventually left the hotel safely.<ref>{{Cite news
|url=http://www.tvn24.pl/12691,1574853,,,relacja-polaka-z-piekla,wiadomosc.html
|title=Relacja Polaka z piekła
|publisher=Reuters, TVN24
|language=Polish
|date=27 November 2008
|accessdate=21 February 2009}}</ref> Kamall and Guardans reported that a Hungarian MEP's assistant was shot.<ref name="MEP"/><ref name="MEPs-staff">{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/EU_parliament_staff_member_wounded_in_India_shootout/articleshow/3762103.cms |title=EU parliament staff member wounded in India shootout |work=The Economic Times |work=The Times of India |location=India |date=27 November 2008 |accessdate=21 February 2009}}</ref> Also caught up in the shooting were the [[President of Madrid]], [[Esperanza Aguirre]], while checking in at the [[Oberoi Trident]],<ref name="MEPs-staff" /> and Indian MP [[N. N. Krishnadas]] of [[Kerala]] and [[Gulam Noon]] while having dinner at a restaurant in the Taj hotel.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080074226&type=News|title=200 people held hostage at Taj Hotel |author=Press Trust of India |date=27 November 2008 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |accessdate=21 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5245365.ece|title=Sir Gulam Noon, British 'Curry King': how I escaped bombed hotel|work=The Times |location=London |location=UK |last=Thomson|first=Alice|coauthors=Rachel Sylvester|date=27 November 2008|accessdate=27 November 2008 }}</ref>

===Nariman House===
{{Main|Nariman House}}
[[File:2008 Mumbai terror attacks Nariman House front view 3.jpg|thumb|Front view of the Nariman House a week after the attacks]]
Nariman House, a [[Chabad Lubavitch]] Jewish center in Colaba known as the Mumbai Chabad House, was taken over by two attackers and several residents were held hostage.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1227702336066 |title=Consulate: Unspecified number of Israelis missing in Mumbai |publisher=[[Jerusalem Post]] |date=29 November 2008 |author=Vaakov Lappin|accessdate=27 November 2008}}</ref> Police evacuated adjacent buildings and exchanged fire with the attackers, wounding one. Local residents were told to stay inside. The attackers threw a grenade into a nearby lane, causing no casualties. NSG commandos arrived from [[Delhi]], and a Naval helicopter took an aerial survey. During the first day, 9 hostages were rescued from the first floor. The following day, the house was stormed by NSG commandos fast-roping from helicopters onto the roof, covered by snipers positioned in nearby buildings. After a long battle, one NSG commando [[Havaldar Gajender Singh|Havaldar Gajender Singh Bisht]] and both perpetrators were killed.<ref name="toi-nariman">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/NSG_ends_reign_of_terror_at_Nariman/articleshow/3771314.cms|title=NSG ends reign of terror at Nariman|date=29 November 2008|work=Times of India |location=India|accessdate=23 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200811290340.htm|publisher=The Hindu|date=29 November 2008|title=Siege at Nariman House ends, two terrorists killed}}</ref> Rabbi [[Gavriel Holtzberg]] and his wife [[Rivka Holtzberg]], who was six months pregnant, were murdered with four other hostages inside the house by the attackers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSTRE4AR52W20081129 |title=Rabbi killed in Mumbai had gone to serve Jews |publisher=Reuters |author=Daniel Trotta |date= 28 November 2008|accessdate=29 November 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081203070651/http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSTRE4AR52W20081129| archivedate= 3 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>

According to radio transmissions picked up by Indian intelligence, the attackers "would be told by their handlers in Pakistan that the lives of Jews were worth 50 times those of non-Jews." Injuries reported on some of the bodies indicate they may have been tortured.<ref name="time">{{Citation|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6896107.ece|title=Mumbai terror attacks: And then they came for the Jews|last=Gee|first=Alastair|work=The Times |location=London |date=1 November 2009| accessdate= 15 July 2011 <!--DASHBot-->}}{{dead link|date=December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?view=article&id=15442%3Aand-then&option=com_content&Itemid=57|title=And then they came for the Jews|last=Gee|first=Alastair|publisher=[[Samoa Observer]]| accessdate= 15 July 2011 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>

===End of the attacks===
By the morning of 27 November, the [[National Security Guards|NSG]] had secured the Jewish outreach center at Nariman House as well as the Oberoi Trident hotel. They also incorrectly believed that the Taj Mahal Palace and Towers had been cleared of attackers, and soldiers were leading hostages and holed-up guests to safety, and removing bodies of those killed in the attacks.<ref name="Jewish">{{Cite news|title=Commandos storm Jewish center in Mumbai|author=Keith Bradsher and Somini Sengupta|work=International Herald Tribune |date=28 November 2008|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/11/28/news/29MUMBAI.php| accessdate=28 November 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081201083533/http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/11/28/news/29MUMBAI.php| archivedate= 1 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="back">{{Cite news|title=Mumbai takes back control from terrorists|publisher=TTKN Oxford|date=28 November 2008|url=http://www.ttkn.com/business/mumbai-takes-control-terrorists-260.html|accessdate=28 November 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081228183602/http://www.ttkn.com/business/mumbai-takes-control-terrorists-260.html| archivedate= 28 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="ndtv-third">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Election_Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080074405&type=News|accessdate=28 November 2008|title=Gunbattle enters third day, intense firing at Taj hotel|date=28 November 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081201002326/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Election_Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080074405&type=News| archivedate= 1 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> However, later news reports indicated that there were still two or three attackers in the Taj, with explosions heard and gunfire exchanged.<ref name="ndtv-third" /> Fires were also reported at the ground floor of the Taj with plumes of smoke arising from the first floor.<ref name="ndtv-third" /> The final operation at the Taj Mahal Palace hotel was completed by the NSG commandos at 08:00 on 29 November, killing three attackers and resulting in the conclusion of the attacks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=2653de0a-434a-4f90-bb24-59598fd65686Mumbaiunderattack_Special&MatchID1=4858&TeamID1=1&TeamID2=5&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1224&PrimaryID=4858&Headline=62-hour+Taj+operation+ends%2c+3+terrorists+killed|title=Taj operation over, three terrorists killed|date=29 November 2008|work=Press Trust Of India|work=Hindustan Times |location=India|accessdate=29 November 2008|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20081202235541/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=2653de0a-434a-4f90-bb24-59598fd65686Mumbaiunderattack_Special&MatchID1=4858&TeamID1=1&TeamID2=5&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1224&PrimaryID=4858&Headline=62-hour+Taj+operation+ends%2c+3+terrorists+killed |archivedate = 2 December 2008|deadurl=yes}}</ref> The [[National Security Guards|NSG]] rescued 250 people from the Oberoi, 300 from the Taj and 60 people (members of 12 different families) from Nariman House.<ref>{{Cite news
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Battle_ends_in_Mumbai_death_toll_rises_to_195/articleshow/3771119.cms
|title= Battle for Mumbai ends, death toll rises to 195
|accessdate=21 February 2009
|date=29 November 2008
|work=The Times of India |location=India}}</ref> In addition, police seized a boat filled with arms and explosives anchored at [[Mazgaon]] dock off Mumbai harbour.<ref name="es">{{Cite news
|url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23593839-details/Timeline:+one+night+of+slaughter+and+mayhem/article.do
|title=Timeline: one night of slaughter and mayhem
|publisher=[[Evening Standard]]
|date=27 November 2008
|accessdate=1 December 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081205105713/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23593839-details/Timeline:+one+night+of+slaughter+and+mayhem/article.do| archivedate= 5 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= yes}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:01, 17 January 2013

The Attacks of 26/11
The Attacks of 26/11-First look
Directed byRam Gopal Varma
Written byRam Gopal Varma
Rommel Rodrigues[1]
Produced byParag Sanghvi[2]
StarringNana Patekar[3]
Sanjeev Jaiswal[4]
Production
company
Alumbra Entertainment
Distributed byEros International
Release date
1 March 2013
CountryIndia
LanguageHindi
Budget₹30 crore (US$3.8 million)[5]

The Attacks of 26/11 is an upcoming Indian crime-thriller film, based on the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Directed by Ram Gopal Varma, the film is slated to have a worldwide release on 1 March 2013.[6] The films stars Sanjeev Jaiswal as Ajmal Kasab, with art direction by Uday Singh. A seven minute promo of the film was released to positive reviews, over internet on 23 November 2012.[7][8][9][10][11] The first look of the film was revealed on January 17,2013.[12][13]

Cast

Filming

"26/11 was the most tragic event in India, and more than candle marches and debates on TV, only a feature film can truly capture its grief.Only a film can truly capture 26/11 grief"[16]

—Ram Gopal Varma on The Attacks of 26/11

Ajmal Kasab character will be played Sanjeev Jaiswal

The director, who had visited the Taj Mahal hotel with the then Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh and actor-son Ritesh Deshmukh soon after the 2008 attacks, had denied plans of a movie on the tragedy amid huge public and media outcry. But, later he decided to make the film. Under the art direction of Uday Singh a replica of Taj Hotel was created with a cost of ₹2.5 crore. After auditioning 500 applicants, RGV found an actor to play Ajmal Kasab, the prime accused terrorist in the 26/11 attack on Mumbai, in his film based on the same incident. Delhi boy Sanjeev Jaiswal was chosen to play the much controversial character.[17][18] 'The Attacks of 26/11' profits will be donated to victims.[19] Ram Gopal Verma had also asked policemen to watch 15-minute trailer of 'The Attacks of 26/11'.[20] The film underwent some last-minute changes after Ajmal Kasab's hanging on 21 November 2012. Earlier, it had an open ending. But news of 26/11 prime perpetrator Ajmal Kasab’s hanging has changed the climax.The attacks of 26/11 will detail every aspect of the carnage beginning with the terrorists taking over Amar solanki's trawler 'Kuber'.[21][22][23][24] The shooting of the film completed on December 10,2012 with last shot of the massacre at CST (Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus) station.[25][26] The owner of Leopold Cafe plays himself in the film.[27] The actors in the film have met the victims & done tremendous research on the subject.

Marketing

The film's first 7 minutes were released on November 23, 2012, to positive reviews, online on Youtube through the channel of Eros international.[28] The Attacks of 26/11 Official Theatrical Trailer has crossed 600,000 views in just 10 days.

Accolades

'The Attacks of 26/11' has been selected for Berlin International Film Festival,2013 in the Panorama as well as the Competition section.[29][30]

Attacks

Main article: Timeline of the 2008 Mumbai attacks

The first events were detailed around 20:00 Indian Standard Time (IST) on 26 November, when 10 men in inflatable speedboats came ashore at two locations in Colaba. They reportedly told local Marathi-speaking fishermen who asked them who they were to "mind their own business" before they split up and headed two different ways. The fishermen's subsequent report to police received little response.[31]

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

Bullet marks on the wall of the suburban terminus at CST

The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) was attacked by two gunmen, one of whom, Ajmal Kasab, was later caught alive by the police and identified by eyewitnesses. The attacks began around 21:30 when the two men entered the passenger hall and opened fire,[32] using AK-47 rifles.[33] The attackers killed 58 people and injured 104 others,[33] their assault ending at about 22:45.[32] Security forces and emergency services arrived shortly afterwards. The two gunmen fled the scene and fired at pedestrians and police officers in the streets, killing eight police officers. The attackers passed a police station. Many of the outgunned police officers were afraid to confront the attackers, and instead switched off the lights and secured the gates. The attackers then headed towards Cama Hospital with an intention to kill patients,[34] but the hospital staff locked all of the patient wards. A team of the Mumbai Anti-Terrorist Squad led by police chief Hemant Karkare searched the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and then left in pursuit of Kasab and Khan. Kasab and Khan opened fire on the vehicle in a lane next to the hospital and the police returned fire. Karkare, Vijay Salaskar, Ashok Kamte and one of their officers were killed, though the only survivor, Constable Arun Jadhav, was wounded.[35] Kasab and Khan seized the police vehicle but later abandoned it and seized a passenger car instead. They then ran into a police roadblock, which had been set up after Jadhav radioed for help.[36] A gun battle then ensued in which Khan was killed and Kasab was wounded. After a physical struggle, Kasab was arrested.[37] A police officer, Tukaram Omble was also killed.

Leopold Cafe

The Leopold Cafe, a popular restaurant and bar on Colaba Causeway in South Mumbai, was one of the first sites to be attacked.[38] Two attackers opened fire on the cafe on the evening of 26 November, killing at least 10 people, (including some foreigners), and injuring many more.[39]

File:Cafeleopolddamage.jpg
Bullet marks left at Leopold Cafe

Bomb blasts in taxis

There were two explosions in taxis caused by timer bombs. The first one occurred at 22:40 at Vile Parle, killing the driver and a passenger. The second explosion took place at Wadi Bunder between 22:20 and 22:25. Three people, including the driver of the taxi were killed, and about 15 others were injured.[40][41]

Taj Mahal Hotel and Oberoi Trident

The damaged Oberoi Trident hotel
Main articles: Taj Mahal Palace & Tower and Oberoi Trident

Two hotels, the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower and the Oberoi Trident, were among the four locations targeted. Six explosions were reported at the Taj hotel - one in the lobby, two in the elevators, three in the restaurant - and one at the Oberoi Trident.[42][43] At the Taj Mahal, firefighters rescued 200 hostages from windows using ladders during the first night.

CNN initially reported on the morning of 27 November 2008 that the hostage situation at the Taj had been resolved and quoted the police chief of Maharashtra stating that all hostages were freed;[44] however, it was learned later that day that there were still two attackers holding hostages, including foreigners, in the Taj Mahal hotel.[45]

The Wasabi restaurant on the first floor of the Taj Hotel was completely gutted.

During the attacks, both hotels were surrounded by Rapid Action Force personnel and Marine Commandos (MARCOS) and National Security Guards (NSG) commandos.[46][47] When reports emerged that attackers were receiving television broadcasts, feeds to the hotels were blocked.[48] Security forces stormed both hotels, and all nine attackers were killed by the morning of 29 November.[49][50] Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan of the NSG was killed during the rescue of Commando Sunil Yadav, who was hit in the leg by a bullet during the rescue operations at Taj.[51][52] 32 hostages were killed at the Oberoi Trident.[53]

A number of European Parliament Committee on International Trade delegates were staying in the Taj Mahal hotel when it was attacked,[54] but none of them were injured.[55] British Conservative Member of the European Parliament (MEP) Sajjad Karim (who was in the lobby when attackers initially opened fire there) and German Social Democrat MEP Erika Mann were hiding in different parts of the building.[56] Also reported present was Spanish MEP Ignasi Guardans, who was barricaded in a hotel room.[57][58] Another British Conservative MEP, Syed Kamall, reported that he along with several other MEPs left the hotel and went to a nearby restaurant shortly before the attack.[56] Kamall also reported that Polish MEP Jan Masiel was thought to have been sleeping in his hotel room when the attacks started, but eventually left the hotel safely.[59] Kamall and Guardans reported that a Hungarian MEP's assistant was shot.[56][60] Also caught up in the shooting were the President of Madrid, Esperanza Aguirre, while checking in at the Oberoi Trident,[60] and Indian MP N. N. Krishnadas of Kerala and Gulam Noon while having dinner at a restaurant in the Taj hotel.[61][62]

Nariman House

Main article: Nariman House
Front view of the Nariman House a week after the attacks

Nariman House, a Chabad Lubavitch Jewish center in Colaba known as the Mumbai Chabad House, was taken over by two attackers and several residents were held hostage.[63] Police evacuated adjacent buildings and exchanged fire with the attackers, wounding one. Local residents were told to stay inside. The attackers threw a grenade into a nearby lane, causing no casualties. NSG commandos arrived from Delhi, and a Naval helicopter took an aerial survey. During the first day, 9 hostages were rescued from the first floor. The following day, the house was stormed by NSG commandos fast-roping from helicopters onto the roof, covered by snipers positioned in nearby buildings. After a long battle, one NSG commando Havaldar Gajender Singh Bisht and both perpetrators were killed.[64][65] Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg and his wife Rivka Holtzberg, who was six months pregnant, were murdered with four other hostages inside the house by the attackers.[66]

According to radio transmissions picked up by Indian intelligence, the attackers "would be told by their handlers in Pakistan that the lives of Jews were worth 50 times those of non-Jews." Injuries reported on some of the bodies indicate they may have been tortured.[67][68]

End of the attacks

By the morning of 27 November, the NSG had secured the Jewish outreach center at Nariman House as well as the Oberoi Trident hotel. They also incorrectly believed that the Taj Mahal Palace and Towers had been cleared of attackers, and soldiers were leading hostages and holed-up guests to safety, and removing bodies of those killed in the attacks.[69][70][71] However, later news reports indicated that there were still two or three attackers in the Taj, with explosions heard and gunfire exchanged.[71] Fires were also reported at the ground floor of the Taj with plumes of smoke arising from the first floor.[71] The final operation at the Taj Mahal Palace hotel was completed by the NSG commandos at 08:00 on 29 November, killing three attackers and resulting in the conclusion of the attacks.[72] The NSG rescued 250 people from the Oberoi, 300 from the Taj and 60 people (members of 12 different families) from Nariman House.[73] In addition, police seized a boat filled with arms and explosives anchored at Mazgaon dock off Mumbai harbour.[74]

References

  1. ^ Rommel Rodrigues. "The face of terror unveiled". Mid Day.
  2. ^ "RGV builds replica of Taj hotel worth 2.5 crores for 26/11". daily.bhaskar.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2012-09-22.
  3. ^ http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/ramu-and-nana-reunite-after-10-years/. Retrieved 2012-09-22. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ^ "Sanjeev Jaiswal to play Kasab in RGV's next film - Movies News - Bollywood - ibnlive". Ibnlive.in.com. 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2012-09-22.
  5. ^ "Makers of RGV's next to distribute BO earnings among 26/11 victims' families". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
  6. ^ "RGV asks policemen to watch his film". IBNLive.
  7. ^ "Attacks of 26/11-Cinematic representation of the tragic event". erosentertainment.
  8. ^ "RGV's 26/11 movie goes on floors : Bollywood, News - India Today". Indiatoday.intoday.in. 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2012-09-22.
  9. ^ "Recreating 26/11 massacre felt terrifying: RGV (Movie Snippets)". Sify.com. 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2012-09-22.
  10. ^ "Would you watch RGV's film on 26/11? - Rediff.com Movies". Rediff.com. 2011-12-13. Retrieved 2012-09-22.
  11. ^ "RGV to recreate Taj Hotel for his 26/11 film". Mid-day.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2012-09-22.
  12. ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-attacks-of-2611-first-look-what-exactly-happened-on-that-day/316267-8-161.html
  13. ^ http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/the-attacks-of-2611-new-poster-terrorists-arrive-in-a-dinghy/
  14. ^ http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/sep/140912-Nana-Patekar-essays-Rakesh-Maria-in-RGVs-26-11-films.htm
  15. ^ http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/ramu-and-nana-reunite-after-10-years/
  16. ^ IANS (January 14, 2013). "Only a film can truly capture 26/11 grief: Ram Gopal Varma". Zee News. Retrieved January 14, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ "Sanjeev Jaiswal to play Kasab in RGV's next film". IBNLive. 16 March 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  18. ^ "First Look of Ram Gopal Varma's 'The Attacks of 26/11': See who plays Ajmal Kasab". IBNLive. 24 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ http://www.imdb.com/news/ni41517061/
  20. ^ http://www.imdb.com/news/ni41158373/
  21. ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/7928.html#7928-17.html
  22. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/5871802/Mumbai-attacks-gunman-pleads-guilty-and-confesses-in-court.html
  23. ^ http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=2009030320090303035350294fe16e056
  24. ^ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-08/india/28149998_1_kasab-kuber-amar-singh-solanki
  25. ^ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-11/news-interviews/35749235_1_ram-gopal-varma-cst-station-horror
  26. ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-attacks-of-2611-has-changed-me-as-a-person-says-ram-gopal-varma/309947-8-66.html
  27. ^ http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=247454&subcatg=&keyword=Bollywood&nid=247454
  28. ^ "The Attacks Of 26/11: First 7 minutes on MSN Video". Video.in.msn.com. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
  29. ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-attacks-of-2611-ram-gopal-varmas-film-gets-selected-for-berlin-film-festival/313098-8-66.html
  30. ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ram-gopal-varmas-film-selected-for-berlin-film-festival/1053492
  31. ^ Moreau, Ron (27 November 2008). "The Pakistan Connection". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ a b "3 witnesses identify Kasab, court takes on record CCTV footage". The Economic Times. India. 17 June 2009. Archived from the original on 20 June 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ a b "Photographer recalls Mumbai attacks". The News International. 16 June 2009. Archived from the original on 20 June 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "Judgement, THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY], THE JUDGMENT RESERVED : 7 FEBRUARY 2011; THE ORDER IS PRONOUNCED: 21 FEBRUARY 2011".
  35. ^ "Info from cop in Karkare's jeep led to Kasab's arrest". Mid Day. 3 December 2008. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "Mumbai gunman guilty of 'act of war'". The National (Abu Dhabi). 4 May 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  37. ^ "Jukexboxes on the Moon: Stardom is martyrdom: India arrives in the American imagination". Triple Canopy. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  38. ^ Blakely, Rhys; Page, Jeremy (1 December 2008). "Defiant Leopold café shows that Mumbai is not afraid". The Times. UK. Retrieved 19 March 2009.
  39. ^ "Leopold Cafe reopens amidst desolation". Deccan Herald. India. 1 December 2008. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ Cite error: The named reference Tracing the terror route was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  41. ^ "Mumbai attack: Timeline of how the terror unfolded". Daily Mirror. UK. 27 November 2008. Archived from the original on 28 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ "Taj Hotel Burns, 2 Terrorists Killed". CNN IBN. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
  43. ^ "Taj Hotel Attacked". TTKN News. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
  44. ^ "Scores killed in Mumbai rampage". CNN. 26 November 2008. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 26 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ Andrew Stevens, Mallika Kapur, Phil O'Sullivan, Phillip Turner, Ravi Hiranand, Yasmin Wong and Harmeet Shah Singh (27 November 2008). "Fighting reported at Mumbai Jewish center". CNN. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  46. ^ Pasricha, Anjana (27 November 2008). "Commandos Launch Operations to Clear Luxury Hotels Seized by Gunmen in Mumbai". VOA News. Voice of America. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  47. ^ "We want all Mujahideen released: Terrorist inside Oberoi". The Times of India. India. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
  48. ^ Patrick Frater (30 November 2008). "Indian journalists in media firestorm". Variety. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  49. ^ "Mumbai operation appears nearly over". CNN. 29 November 2008. Archived from the original on 8 March 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  50. ^ "Oberoi standoff ends". CNN. 28 November 2008. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ "Terrorists had no plan to blow up Taj: NSG DG". Rediff. Retrieved 26 November 2009. [dead link]
  52. ^ "NSG commando recounts gunfight with terrorists". CNN IBN. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
  53. ^ Blakely, Rhys (22 December 2008). "A taste of defiance as massacre hotel opens for high tea". The Times. UK. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  54. ^ Charter, David (27 November 2008). "Tory MEP flees for his life as gunman starts spraying the hotel bar with bullets". The Times. London. Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  55. ^ "EU trade delegation in Mumbai safe, delegate says". Deutsche Presse-Agentur. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
  56. ^ a b c Charter, David (27 November 2008). "Tory MEP flees for his life as gunman starts spraying the hotel bar with bullets". The Times. UK. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
  57. ^ "EU parliament staff member wounded in India shootout". EU business. 27 November 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  58. ^ MEP attacks EU consular reaction in Mumbai, PHILIPPA RUNNER, 8 December 2008 @ 17:19 CET, euobserver.com
  59. ^ "Relacja Polaka z piekła" (in Polish). Reuters, TVN24. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  60. ^ a b "EU parliament staff member wounded in India shootout". The Times of India. India. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  61. ^ Press Trust of India (27 November 2008). "200 people held hostage at Taj Hotel". NDTV. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  62. ^ Thomson, Alice (27 November 2008). "Sir Gulam Noon, British 'Curry King': how I escaped bombed hotel". The Times. UK. Retrieved 27 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  63. ^ Vaakov Lappin (29 November 2008). "Consulate: Unspecified number of Israelis missing in Mumbai". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
  64. ^ "NSG ends reign of terror at Nariman". Times of India. India. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
  65. ^ "Siege at Nariman House ends, two terrorists killed". The Hindu. 29 November 2008.
  66. ^ Daniel Trotta (28 November 2008). "Rabbi killed in Mumbai had gone to serve Jews". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  67. ^ Gee, Alastair (1 November 2009), "Mumbai terror attacks: And then they came for the Jews", The Times, London, retrieved 15 July 2011[dead link]
  68. ^ Gee, Alastair, And then they came for the Jews, Samoa Observer, retrieved 15 July 2011
  69. ^ Keith Bradsher and Somini Sengupta (28 November 2008). "Commandos storm Jewish center in Mumbai". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  70. ^ "Mumbai takes back control from terrorists". TTKN Oxford. 28 November 2008. Archived from the original on 28 December 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  71. ^ a b c "Gunbattle enters third day, intense firing at Taj hotel". 28 November 2008. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  72. ^ "Taj operation over, three terrorists killed". Hindustan Times. India. 29 November 2008. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ "Battle for Mumbai ends, death toll rises to 195". The Times of India. India. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  74. ^ "Timeline: one night of slaughter and mayhem". Evening Standard. 27 November 2008. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Attacks_of_26/11&oldid=533559417"